[Mechanism of different processed products of Codonopsis pilosula on spleen deficiency rats based on 1H-NMR metabonomics].

Based on1 H-NMR metabonomics,the effects of Codonopsis pilosula,rice-fried C. pilosula and honey-fried C. pilosula on spleen-asthenia rats were compared,and the mechanism was discussed in this study. The rat model of spleen deficiency was established by weight-bearing swimming and fasting every other day. The effects of different processed products of C. pilosula on the body weight and swimming time of rats were observed. At the end of administration,the gastrocnemius muscle of the right leg of rats was collected and detected by1 H-NMR,and the mechanism of different processed products of C. pilosula in improving spleen deficiency was preliminarily investigated by multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that C. pilosula,honey-fried C. pilosula and rice-fried C. pilosula could significantly prolong the swimming time( P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of rats with spleen deficiency. The results of metabonomics showed that honey-processed C. pilosula could significantly decrease levels of leucine,isoleucine,alanine,acetate,glutamate,succinate,anserine,dimethylamine,dimethylglycine,creatine,phosphorylcholine,glycerophosphorylcholine,taurine,inosine,fumate,hypoxanthine and lactate,but increase levels of glucose,glycine,compared with model group. Therefore,honey-fried C. pilosula has the best efficacy on spleen deficiency syndrome in rats by regulating glycometabolism,amino acid metabolism,lipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism.

Clinical Activity and Safety of Anlotinib Combined with PD-1 Blockades for Patients with Previously Treated Small Cell Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Anlotinib was the standard monotherapy for patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in recent years. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade combined with antiangiogenic targeted drugs have proved to play a synergistic action for cancer treatment clinically. Consequently, the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockades for patients with previously treated SCLC. METHODS: A total of 36 patients with SCLC who were treated with at least one previous systemic chemotherapy regimen participated in this study retrospectively. All the patients were administered with anlotinib plus PD-1 blockades therapy. Clinical activity was assessed according to the change of target lesion by imaging evidence and all the subjects were followed up regularly. Safety profiles were collected and documented during the treatment. Univariate analysis was carried out using Log rank test and multivariate analysis was adjusted by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: All the 36 patients with previously treated SCLC were able to have their efficacy and safety profile evaluated. The best overall response of the combination regimen showed that complete response was observed in one patient, partial response was noted in 9 patients, stable disease was reported in 19 patients, progressive disease was seen in 7 patients. Therefore, the objective response rate (ORR) of the 36 patients was 27.8% (95% CI: 14.2-45.2%), disease control rate (DCR) was 80.6% (95% CI: 64.0-91.8%). Regarding the prognostic data, the median PFS and OS of the 36 patients was 4.6 months (95% CI: 3.13-6.07) and 9.3 months (95% CI: 3.30-15.30), respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse reactions were hypertension (52.8%), fatigue (47.2%), diarrhea (38.9%), hand and foot reaction (38.9%) and dermal toxicity (33.3%). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis for PFS indicated that ECOG performance status was an independent factor to predict PFS. CONCLUSION: Anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockades regimen preliminarily demonstrated encouraging efficacy and tolerable safety for patients with previously treated SCLC. The conclusion should be validated in prospective clinical trials subsequently.

Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib for Patients with Advanced NSCLC Who Progressed After Standard Regimens and the Preliminary Analysis of an Efficacy Predictor.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed after standard regimens in real world situations and the preliminary analysis of an efficacy predictor. METHODS: A total of 118 patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after standard regimens were included in this retrospective study. Efficacy was evaluated and toxicity profile was recorded. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and multivariate analysis was adjusted using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: All of the 118 patients with NSCLC were available for evaluation of efficacy. Complete response (CR, 0 case), partial response (PR, 10 cases), stable disease (SD, 79 cases) and progressive disease (PD, 29 cases) were evaluated according to RECIST version 1.1. In consequence, objective response rate (ORR) was 8.47% and disease control rate (DCR) was 75.42%. The median PFS of the 118 patients with NSCLC was 4.3 months and the median OS was 10.3 months. The results of Cox regression analysis suggested that ECOG score was an independent factor for PFS. The toxicity profile indicated that hypertension and hand-foot syndrome were the most common adverse reactions. Additionally, the preliminary analysis of an efficacy predictor suggested that the PFS of patients with hypertension was superior to those without hypertension. CONCLUSION: Anlotinib is effective and safe for patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after standard regimens in real world situations. Hypertension may be a biomarker for efficacy prediction.

[Changes in antioxidative system and cell ultrastructure in the fruit peels of apple during sunburn development].

Fruits from 6-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Fuji) were used as materials to test the changes of antioxidative system and cell ultrastructure of fruit peels during sunburn development. Fruit sunburn appeared in mid July, 2002. The process of apple fruit sunburn was divided into three phases (0 degrees : control): 1 degrees : bleaching, 2 degrees : brownness, and 3 degrees : necrosis. Fuji apple fruits in different sunburn state were picked. Phenolic compounds, membrane protective enzymes (SOD, POD, PPO, CAT), cell membrane lipid peroxidation and cell ultrastructure in fruit peel were studied. The result showed that the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation enhanced along with development of sunburn. The activity of membrane protective enzymes also increased remarkably. However, the cell structure kept its integrity, except some organelles which partly disassembled, and cytoplasm and vacuoles became enriched with electron-dense substances while fruit peels became pale. As peel became brown, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin and myricetin accumulated, and cells of outer layers of the epidermis collapsed correspondingly, cell wall became thicker. It is suggested that changes in both cell ultrastructure and antioxidative system confirm that physiological state of fruit peels becomes disordered during sunburn development.