RESUMO
This study documents the importance of emotional openness to the recovery process in families following traumatic events. In this longitudinal study, relationships are examined between emotional openness and parents' psychological attributes, and mothers' and children's open disclosure of feelings. After September 11, 2001, 48 mothers and their 11-year-old children were interviewed about their reactions to the terrorist attacks. Measures included interview-based scores of children's and mothers' degree of openness, mothers' openness assessed during pregnancy and infancy, and parental depression and anxiety in close relationships. Emotional openness is a stable and reliably measured construct. Mothers' emotional openness was significantly related to earlier assessments of openness, indicators of their own and their spouse's emotional health, and their children's open expression of emotion about the terrorist attacks.
Assuntos
Afeto , Atitude , Comunicação , Família/psicologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Comportamento Verbal , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Documentação/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Terrorismo/psicologiaRESUMO
This study addresses psychological issues that put first-time parents at risk for depressive disorders. In a community sample of 107 men and their wives, employment variables, marital quality, and personality attributes (fear of abandonment and loneliness) significantly explained 43% of the variance in men's, and almost 25% in women's, depressive symptoms. Men reported more symptoms than women. Men with heightened fear of loneliness were particularly at risk for depressive symptoms after birth of the first child.
Assuntos
Afeto , Depressão/psicologia , Recém-Nascido , Pais/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Solidão/psicologia , Masculino , Casamento/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Forty-eight mothers and their 11-year-old children, who were participants in a longitudinal study, were interviewed in their home after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Children's verbatim statements were analyzed for fear, separation anxiety, denial, rationalization, anger, and empathy. In the final model, preexisting child anxiety and maternal worry significantly explained 33% of the variance in children's self-reported fearful feelings.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Depressão/diagnóstico , Mães/psicologia , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Terrorismo/psicologia , Adulto , Ira , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade de Separação/epidemiologia , Ansiedade de Separação/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Negação em Psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Empatia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Racionalização , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The authors examined mothers' and fathers' avoidance and attacking conflict-resolution strategies in the marriage and their depressive symptoms as they related to children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors. A nonclinical community sample of 51 families and their children's 1st-grade teachers (N = 41) participated. Both mothers and teachers completed a behavior-problem checklist in order to evaluate the incidence of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the children. Correlational statistics revealed significant associations between parents' avoidance and attacking strategies and their depressive symptoms. Also, parents' use of avoidance was related to more internalizing behaviors in the children. When hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the contributions of the parents' attributes to children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors, mothers' avoidance and an interaction between mothers' and fathers' avoidance were identified as significant predictors of children's internalizing behaviors.