H-shaped acoustic micro-resonator-based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy.

An H-shaped acoustic micro-resonator (AmR)-based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor is demonstrated for the first time. The H-shaped AmR has the advantages of easy optical alignment, high utilization of laser energy, and reduction in optical noise. The parameter of the H-shaped AmR is designed based on the standing wave enhancement characteristic. The performance of the H-shaped AmR-based QEPAS sensor system and bare quartz tuning fork (QTF)-based sensor system are measured under the same conditions by choosing water vapor (H2O) as the target gas. Compared with the QEAPS sensor based on a bare QTF, the detection sensitivity of the optimal H-shaped AmR-based QEPAS sensor exhibits a 17.2 times enhancement.

Current trends and research topics regarding organoids: A bibliometric analysis of global research from 2000 to 2023.

The use of animal models for biological experiments is no longer sufficient for research related to human life and disease. The development of organ tissues has replaced animal models by mimicking the structure, function, development and homeostasis of natural organs. This provides more opportunities to study human diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases and genetic disorders. In this study, bibliometric methods were used to analyze organoid-related articles published over the last 20+ years to identify emerging trends and frontiers in organoid research. A total of 13,143 articles from 4125 institutions in 86 countries or regions were included in the analysis. The number of papers increased steadily over the 20-year period. The United States was the leading country in terms of number of papers and citations. Harvard Medical School had the highest number of papers published. Keyword analysis revealed research trends and focus areas such as organ tissues, stem cells, 3D culture and tissue engineering. In conclusion, this study used bibliometric and visualization methods to explore the field of organoid research and found that organ tissues are receiving increasing attention in areas such as cancer, drug discovery, personalized medicine, genetic disease modelling and gene repair, making them a current research hotspot and a future research trend.

Current advances and future trends of hormesis in disease.

Hormesis, an adaptive response, occurs when exposure to low doses of a stressor potentially induces a stimulatory effect, while higher doses may inhibit it. This phenomenon is widely observed across various organisms and stressors, significantly advancing our understanding and inspiring further exploration of the beneficial effects of toxins at doses both below and beyond traditional thresholds. This has profound implications for promoting biological regulation at the cellular level and enhancing adaptability throughout the biosphere. Therefore, conducting bibliometric analysis in this field is crucial for accurately analyzing and summarizing its current research status. The results of the bibliometric analysis reveal a steady increase in the number of publications in this field over the years. The United States emerges as the leading country in both publication and citation numbers, with the journal Dose-Response publishing the highest number of papers in this area. Calabrese E.J. is a prominent person with significant contributions and influence among authors. Through keyword co-occurrence and trend analysis, current hotspots in this field are identified, primarily focusing on the relationship between hormesis, oxidative stress, and aging. Analysis of highly cited references predicts that future research trends may center around the relationship between hormesis and stress at different doses, as well as exploring the mechanisms and applications of hormesis. In conclusion, this review aims to visually represent hormesis-related research through bibliometric methods, uncovering emerging patterns and areas of focus within the field. It provides a summary of the current research status and forecasts trends in hormesis-related research.

PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and ROS generation in neutrophils.

Pinaverium bromide (PVB) has been shown to protect mice against sepsis, which is predominantly attributed to PVB-mediated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting primed neutrophils to produce proinflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which PVB affects neutrophils remains unknown. In this study, we report that treatment with PVB either before or after LPS stimulation attenuated IL-1ß and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels in LPS-activated murine neutrophils. Further experiments revealed that PVB inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and IκBα in LPS-stimulated murine neutrophils. Moreover, PVB reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via regulating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activity, as represented by inhibiting p47phox translocation from the cytoplasm to the cellular membrane. Importantly, PVB significantly attenuated IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 production in both LPS-stimulated low density neutrophils (LDNs) and normal density neutrophils (NDNs) isolated from septic patients. Collectively, we demonstrated that PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating ROS generation and suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that PVB may act as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil priming and activation.

Gut commensal metabolite rhamnose promotes macrophages phagocytosis by activating SLC12A4 and protects against sepsis in mice.

Sepsis progression is significantly associated with the disruption of gut eubiosis. However, the modulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota operating during sepsis are still unclear. Herein, we investigated how gut commensals impact sepsis development in a pre-clinical model. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery was used to establish polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Mice depleted of gut microbiota by an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) exhibited a significantly higher level of mortality than controls. As determined by metabolomics analysis, ABX treatment has depleted many metabolites, and subsequent supplementation with l-rhamnose (rhamnose, Rha), a bacterial carbohydrate metabolite, exerted profound immunomodulatory properties with a significant enhancement in macrophage phagocytosis, which in turn improved organ damage and mortality. Mechanistically, rhamnose binds directly to and activates the solute carrier family 12 (potassium-chloride symporter), member 4 (SLC12A4) in macrophages and promotes phagocytosis by activating the small G-proteins, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42). Interestingly, rhamnose has enhanced the phagocytosis capacity of macrophages from sepsis patients. In conclusion, by identifying SLC12A4 as the host interacting protein, we disclosed that the gut commensal metabolite rhamnose is a functional molecular that could promote the phagocytosis capacity of macrophages and protect the host against sepsis.

Mapping knowledge landscapes and emerging trends of the biomarkers in melanoma: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2022.

Background: Melanoma is a skin tumor with a high mortality rate, and early diagnosis and effective treatment are the key to reduce its mortality rate. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid for biomarker identification for early diagnosis, prognosis prediction and prognosis evaluation of melanoma. However, there is still a lack of a report that comprehensively and objectively evaluates the research status of melanoma biomarkers. Therefore, this study aims to intuitively analyze the research status and trend of melanoma biomarkers through the methods of bibliometrics and knowledge graph. Objective: This study uses bibliometrics to analyze research in biomarkers in melanoma, summarize the field's history and current status of research, and predict future research directions. Method: Articles and Reviews related to melanoma biomarkers were retrieved by using Web of Science core collection subject search. Bibliometric analysis was performed in Excel 365, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometrix (R-Tool of R-Studio). Result: A total of 5584 documents from 2004 to 2022 were included in the bibliometric analysis. The results show that the number of publications and the frequency of citations in this field are increasing year by year, and the frequency of citations has increased rapidly after 2018. The United States is the most productive and influential country in this field, with the largest number of publications and institutions with high citation frequency. Caroline Robert, F. Stephen Hodi, Suzanne L. Topalian and others are authoritative authors in this field, and The New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of Clinical Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research are the most authoritative journals in this field. Biomarkers related to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of melanoma are hot topics and cutting-edge hotspots in this field. Conclusion: For the first time, this study used the bibliometric method to visualize the research in the field of melanoma biomarkers, revealing the trends and frontiers of melanoma biomarkers research, which provides a useful reference for scholars to find key research issues and partners.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of intraoperative hypotension from 2004 to 2022.

Background: Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is a common complication occurring in surgical practice. This study aims to comprehensively review the collaboration and impact of countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and critical papers on intraoperative hypotension from the perspective of bibliometric, and to evaluate the evolution of knowledge structure clustering and identify research hotspots and emerging topics. Methods: Articles and reviews related to IOH published from 2004 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analyses and visualization were conducted on Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix (R-Tool of R-Studio). Results: A total of 1,784 articles and reviews were included from 2004 to 2022. The number of articles on IOH gradually increased in the past few years, and peaked in 2021. These publications were chiefly from 1,938 institutions in 40 countries, led by America and China in publications. Sessler Daniel I published the most papers and enjoyed the highest number of citations. Analysis of the journals with the most outputs showed that most journals concentrated on perioperative medicine and clinical anesthesiology. Delirium, acute kidney injury and vasoconstrictor agents are the current and developing research hotspots. The keywords "Acute kidney injury", "postoperative complication", "machine learning", "risk factors" and "hemodynamic instability" may also become new trends and focuses of the near future research. Conclusion: This study uses bibliometrics and visualization methods to comprehensively review the research on intraoperative hypotension, which is helpful for scholars to better understand the dynamic evolution of IOH and provide directions for future research.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of neutrophil extracellular traps from 2004 to 2022.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are specialized structures formed by neutrophils that were initially found to be important in killing pathogenic bacteria during infection. With the development of related research, the relationship between NETs and diseases such as sepsis, cancer, and systemic lupus erythematosus has received close attention. However, there is a lack of reports that comprehensively and objectively present the current status of NETs-related studies. Therefore, this study aims to visually analyze the current status and trends of NETs-related research by means of bibliometrics and knowledge mapping. Methods: NETs-related articles and reviews were retrieved using the Web of Science core collection subject search, and bibliometric analysis was performed in Excel 365, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix (R-Tool of R-Studio). Results: A total of 4866 publications from 2004 to 2022 were included in the bibliometric analysis. The number of publications shows an increasing trend from year to year. Collaborative network analysis shows that the United States and Germany are the most influential countries in this field, with the highest number of publications and citations. The journal with the most publications is Frontiers in Immunology. Brinkmann Volker is an authoritative author in this field, and his publication "Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria" is the most frequently cited. The literature and keyword analysis shows that the relationship between NETs and diseases (hematological diseases, sepsis, cancer, etc.) and cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, etc.) is a popular research topic. Currently, NETs and SARS-CoV-2-related studies are at the forefront of the field. Conclusion: This study is the first to visualize the research in NETs-related fields using bibliometric methods, revealing the trends and frontiers of NETs research. This study will provide valuable references for scholars to find research focus questions and partners.

Corrigendum: Bibliometric and visual analysis of neutrophil extracellular traps from 2004 to 2022.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025861.].