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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(9): 661-665, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34477336

RESUMO

Cystic hepatic lesions are frequent and sometimes large. They are generally asymptomatic and discovered by chance. The differential diagnosis of these lesions includes congenital, post-traumatic, benign or malignant tumors, as well as infectious pathologies. Conventional or contrast ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to characterize them. Therapeutic abstention with or without iconographic monitoring constitutes the optimal management of many benign liver cysts without clinical repercussions. Treatments for symptomatic or potentially aggressive lesions may include fenestration, puncture with sclerotherapy, or surgical resection. In this article, the authors discuss how to diagnose and treat the various hepatic cystic lesions.


Les lésions kystiques hépatiques sont fréquentes et parfois volumineuses. Elles sont généralement asymptomatiques et de découverte fortuite. Le diagnostic différentiel de ces lésions inclut des pathologies congénitales, post-traumatiques, tumorales bénignes ou malignes ainsi qu'infectieuses. L'échographie conventionnelle ou avec contraste, le scanner abdominal et la résonance magnétique nucléaire peuvent être utilisés pour les caractériser. L'abstention thérapeutique, avec ou sans surveillance iconographique, constitue la prise en charge optimale de nombreux kystes bénins sans répercussion clinique. Les traitements des lésions symptomatiques ou potentiellement agressives peuvent inclure la fenestration, la ponction avec sclérothérapie ou la résection chirurgicale. Dans cet article, les auteurs discutent des modalités de diagnostic et de traitement des diverses lésions kystiques hépatiques.


Assuntos
Cistos , Hepatopatias , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos/terapia , Humanos , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia
2.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(5-6): 525-529, 2021 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34080391

RESUMO

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has doubled during the past three decades. Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Overall 5-year survival is less than 10 %. It is thus of paramount importance to identify patients at risk to develop pancreatic cancer. The "pancreatic emergency route" and the weekly-organized complex surgery consultations are essential for fast and coordinated investigations for patients diagnosed of a pancreatic lesion. Pancreatic surgery, often preceded by neoadjuvant therapy, remains the only curative treatment if applicable. Implemented to decrease surgical morbidity and mortality, current centralization limits pancreatic resection surgery to a restricted numbers of expert centres in Belgium. Thanks to a close collaboration with the CHR of Liège, the CHR of Huy, the CHR of Bois de l'Abbaye, the Clinique André Renard and Vivalia, the reference centre of the CHU of Liège offers surgical, intensive, anaesthetic, oncological, gastroenterological, radiological and paramedical cares as part of a multidisciplinary approach characterized by expertise in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.


L'incidence de l'adénocarcinome pancréatique a doublé lors des trois dernières décennies. Il devrait devenir la deuxième cause de mortalité par cancer en 2030. La survie globale est inférieure à 10 %. Il est essentiel d'identifier les patients à risque. La route «Urgences Pancréas¼ et les réunions hebdomadaires de concertation de chirurgie complexe assurent une prise en charge rapide et coordonnée pour les patients chez qui une lésion pancréatique suspecte est découverte. La chirurgie pancréatique, généralement précédée d'un traitement néoadjuvant, est la seule option à visée curative. Afin de diminuer la morbi-mortalité liée à cette chirurgie complexe, une convention de centralisation a été imposée par l'INAMI. Grâce à une étroite collaboration médico-chirurgicale regroupant le CHR de Liège, le CHR de Huy, le Centre Hospitalier du Bois de l'Abbaye, la Clinique André Renard et l'association intercommunale Vivalia, le centre de référence du CHU de Liège offre des soins chirurgicaux, intensifs, anesthésiologiques, oncologiques, radiothérapeutiques, gastro-entérologiques, radiologiques, infirmiers et paramédicaux de qualité et ce, dans le cadre d'une approche multidisciplinaire caractérisée par une expertise en matière du traitement de l'adénocarcinome du pancréas, 24 heures sur 24 et 7 jours sur 7.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Bélgica/epidemiologia , Humanos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Pâncreas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(5-6): 530-534, 2021 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34080392

RESUMO

Esophageal cancer is the 19th most common cancer in the European Union. Its prognosis remains poor with a 5-year survival rate estimated between 15 % and 25 %. Accurate diagnosis and pre-therapeutic assessment are essential and should allow a rapid start of therapy. Current treatment is based on multimodal management of which surgery remains the cornerstone. Since 2019, Belgium has started an agreement to centralize esophageal surgery in order to improve surgical outcomes. One year after implementation of centralization, our centre shows a low rate of severe complications (Clavien-Dindo classification IIIb-V) of 20 % and a 0 % mortality rate at 30 and 90 postoperative days. Our patients have benefited from a full minimally invasive or hybrid surgical procedure, contributing to those positive results. In the future, all our efforts must be done to improve collaboration between hospitals in order to provide best medical and surgical treatments.


Le cancer de l'oesophage est le 19ème cancer le plus fréquent dans l'Union Européenne. Son pronostic reste sombre avec un taux de survie à 5 ans estimé entre 15 % et 25 %. La précocité du diagnostic et la qualité du bilan pré-thérapeutique sont essentielles et doivent permettre d'initier un traitement rapide. Le traitement repose sur une prise en charge multidisciplinaire et multimodale dont la chirurgie reste la pierre angulaire. En Belgique, le taux de mortalité à 30 et 90 jours post-opératoires étaient de 4,1 % et 9,5 %, respectivement, pour la période allant de 2008 à 2016. Dans une perspective d'amélioration de cette prise en charge, depuis 2019, la Belgique a concentré la chirurgie de l'oesophage dans 10 centres de référence, incluant le CHU de Liège. Un an après centralisation, notre centre présente un taux de complications sévères selon Clavien-Dindo (IIIb-V) de 20 % et des taux de mortalité à 30 et 90 jours de 0 %. Le bilan d'évaluation initial de chaque patient est discuté en concertation multidisciplinaire. Une prise en charge nutritionnelle est discutée avant l'instauration du traitement. Tous nos patients bénéficient d'une approche systématique totalement mini-invasive ou hybride, participant à l'amélioration des résultats sur la morbidité et la mortalité. Une collaboration croissante avec nos hôpitaux partenaires permet d'harmoniser les mises au point et les plans de traitement oncologiques pour le bénéfice des patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Bélgica/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Humanos , Taxa de Sobrevida
4.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(7-8): 601-607, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34357712

RESUMO

Hepato-pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary vascular complication of cirrhosis quite frequent but often under-diagnosed, and characterized by intra-pulmonary capillary and pre-capillary vascular dilatations that may lead to severe hypoxemia. HPS is often asymptomatic but may induce a progressive dyspnea. HPS diagnosis is based on arterial gasometry that proves the hypoxemia and contrast-enhanced echo-cardiography revealing the vascular dilatations. Screening of HPS is recommended in every cirrhotic patient complaining of dyspnea or in every liver transplantation candidate. Indeed, the only effective treatment of HPS is liver transplantation; HPS patients receive exception-points in the MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) liver allocation score. The authors report herein the case of a 39-year-old male patient with a cirrhosis of unknown origin complicated by HPS which appeared as a disabling dyspnea. This patient underwent liver transplantation a year after HPS diagnosis and recovered completely.


Le syndrome hépatopulmonaire est une complication vasculaire pulmonaire de la cirrhose relativement fréquente et sous-diagnostiquée, caractérisée par des vasodilatations capillaires et pré-capillaires intrapulmonaires pouvant entraîner une hypoxémie sévère. Souvent asymptomatique, ce syndrome se révèle le plus souvent par une dyspnée d'apparition progressive. Le diagnostic est réalisé par une gazométrie artérielle prouvant l'hypoxémie et une échographie cardiaque de contraste démontrant l'existence de vasodilatations intrapulmonaires. Le dépistage du syndrome hépatopulmonaire est préconisé chez tout patient atteint de cirrhose présentant de la dyspnée et chez tout patient candidat à une greffe hépatique. En effet, le seul traitement efficace est la transplantation hépatique, et ces patients bénéficient d'ailleurs de points d'exception dans le calcul du score de MELD («Model for End-Stage Liver Disease¼). Nous rapportons ici le cas d'un patient de 39 ans atteint d'une cirrhose d'origine indéterminée compliquée d'un syndrome hépatopulmonaire qui s'est révélé par une dyspnée devenue rapidement invalidante. Ce patient a pu bénéficier d'une transplantation hépatique un an après le diagnostic de syndrome hépatopulmonaire, permettant ainsi une guérison complète tant sur plan hépatique que pulmonaire.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Terminal , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar , Transplante de Fígado , Adulto , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/diagnóstico , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/etiologia , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/cirurgia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(7-8): 541-543, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32779908

RESUMO

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare and benign lymphatic malformation found most often in the first two years of life. Clinical manifestations are diverse and depend on size and site of the lesion. The most frequently affected sites are cervicofacial and axillary areas. The retroperitoneal form is rare. Diagnosis requires imaging but can only be confirmed on the basis of an anatomopathological examination. The treatment of choice is complete surgical removal. However, this is not always feasible due to proximity of vital structures. Some alternative therapies like sclerotic injection and oral drugs like immunosuppressive treatment or sildenafil are described. We report the case of a 62-year-old patient with retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma successfully treated with sildenafil.


Le lymphangiome kystique est une malformation lymphatique rare et bénigne, découverte le plus souvent durant les deux premières années de vie. Les manifestations cliniques sont diverses et dépendent de la taille et de la localisation de la lésion. Les localisations les plus fréquentes sont cervicofaciale et axillaire. La forme rétropéritonéale est rare. Le diagnostic nécessite un bilan d'imagerie, mais ne peut être confirmé que sur base d'un examen anatomopathologique. Le traitement de choix est l'exérèse chirurgicale complète. Toutefois, celle-ci n'est pas toujours réalisable en raison de la proximité de structures vitales. Certains traitements alternatifs comme la sclérothérapie ou l'administration de traitements oraux tels qu'immunosuppresseurs ou sildénafil sont décrits. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient âgé de 62 ans avec lymphangiome kystique rétropéritonéal traité avec succès par sildénafil.


Assuntos
Linfangioma Cístico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Citrato de Sildenafila
6.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(5-6): 280-285, 2020 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32496667

RESUMO

During the last decade minimal invasive approach progressed in all sectors of abdominal surgery. Technological improvements allowed to perform more complex procedures laparoscopically with increased safety. The implementation of pre-, per- and postoperative protocols with an adaptation of surgical, anesthetic and analgesia methods and the patient's involvement in the healing process led to enhanced recovery after surgery. The centralization of complex esophageal and pancreatic surgery established the CHU of Liège as a tertiary referral institution for complex oncological surgery thanks to a large cooperation with regional hospitals.


La dernière décennie a vu progresser l'approche mini-invasive dans tous les domaines de la chirurgie abdominale. Les améliorations technologiques permettent de réaliser des interventions toujours plus complexes en laparoscopie avec une sécurité accrue. La systématisation de la prise en charge pré-, per- et postopératoire, avec une adaptation des techniques de chirurgie, d'anesthésie et d'analgésie, et une implication du patient dans ce processus ont abouti à une réhabilitation accélérée. La centralisation de la chirurgie complexe de l'oesophage et du pancréas a permis de créer une structure de référence en chirurgie oncologique complexe au CHU de Liège grâce à une large collaboration interhospitalière régionale.


Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Participação do Paciente , Abdome/cirurgia , Humanos
7.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(5-6): 332-335, 2019 05.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31206276

RESUMO

In Belgium as in many other countries, alcohol is one of the leading causes of adult liver transplantation. Liver transplantation for terminal liver failure due to excessive alcohol intake raises clear ethical issues concerning the use of grafts to save patients suffering from a self-inflecting affection. Alcoholic liver disease is one of the best indications for liver transplantation, with excellent results in terms of length of survival and post transplantation quality of life, if this transplantation is proposed by a multidisciplinary team in a patient able to and helped by a supporting family and social environment.


En Belgique, comme dans beaucoup d'autres pays, la maladie alcoolique constitue une des causes les plus fréquentes menant à la transplantation hépatique chez l'adulte. Or la transplantation hépatique chez des patients alcooliques pose de claires questions éthiques concernant l'utilisation de greffons pour soigner des patients souffrant d'une maladie trop souvent considérée comme étant auto-infligée. La maladie alcoolique du foie est une des meilleures indications de greffe hépatique, avec d'excellents résultats en termes de durée de survie et de qualité de vie après transplantation. Le pré-requis est que cette transplantation soit proposée par une équipe multidisciplinaire, chez un patient capable de se prendre en charge et soutenu par un environnement familial et social favorable.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas , Transplante de Fígado , Adulto , Bélgica , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Recidiva
8.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(5-6): 342-348, 2019 05.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31206278

RESUMO

Alcohol consumption is the main cause of development of chronic pancreatitis and the second etiology of acute pancreatitis. The mortality of acute pancreatitis depends on its necrotic haemorrhagic character and the initial inflammatory response, while pain, malnutrition and diabetes are the main issues in the management of chronic pancreatitis. As medical and endoscopic techniques progress, surgical indications have become increasingly rare but remain indispensable for some patients. The multidisciplinary approach of these patients is the key to the success of care.


La consommation d'alcool est la cause principale de développement d'une pancréatite chronique et la seconde étiologie de la pancréatite aiguë. La mortalité de la pancréatite aiguë dépend de son caractère nécrotico-hémorragique et de la réponse inflammatoire initiale tandis que les complications de type douleur, dénutrition et diabète sont les principaux enjeux de la prise en charge de la pancréatite chronique. Au fur et à mesure de l'avancée des techniques médicales et endoscopiques, les indications chirurgicales sont devenues de plus en plus rares, mais restent indispensables pour certains patients. L'approche pluridisciplinaire de ces patients est la clé du succès de la prise en charge.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Pancreatite Crônica , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Doença Crônica , Endoscopia , Humanos , Dor , Pâncreas , Pancreatite Crônica/etiologia
9.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(3): 134-138, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30897312

RESUMO

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is a form of gastric cancer associated, in about 40 % of cases, with a germline mutation of the CDH1 gene. The management of patients with a pathogenic mutation of this gene is based on total prophylactic gastrectomy because, until proven otherwise, endoscopic monitoring is insufficient. We report a series of eight patients with pathogenic CDH1 mutation who underwent total prophylactic gastrectomy in our centre.


Le cancer gastrique diffus héréditaire est une forme de cancer gastrique associé, dans 40 % des cas environ, à une mutation germinale du gène CDH1. La prise en charge des patients porteurs d'une mutation pathogène de ce gène repose sur la gastrectomie totale prophylactique car, jusqu'à preuve du contraire, la surveillance endoscopique est insuffisante. Nous rapportons une série de huit patients porteurs d'une mutation pathogène de CDH1 ayant bénéficié d'une gastrectomie totale prophylactique dans notre centre. Mots-clés : Gastrectomie prophylactique - Cancer gastrique diffus héréditaire - Mutation CDH1.


Assuntos
Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Neoplasias Gástricas , Gastrectomia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Mutação , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia
10.
Rev Med Liege ; 73(3): 135-142, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29595013

RESUMO

Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease due to the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. The definitive host is the red fox. Until recently, Belgium was considered a country at very low risk for alveolar echinococcosis. However, recent studies carried out in southern Belgium have revealed, through post-mortem examination, high prevalences (up to 62 %) in foxes. Cats and dogs can act as definitive hosts. Human are accidentally infected by ingestion of food contaminated by the feces. After a long incubation period, invasive hepatic lesions may appear, as well as extra-hepatic lesions. The disease may be fatal. The diagnosis is based on imaging techniques, serology and nucleic acid detection in tissues. Early diagnosis may allow surgical removal of the lesion associated with at least 2 years of albendazole postoperative treatment. In case of contraindication to surgery, a long term treatment with albendazole is necessary. Liver transplantation is sometimes necessary. This article presents the epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutics features of this zoonotic disease.


L'échinococcose alvéolaire est une zoonose due à Echinococcus multilocaris, un cestode, dont l'hôte définitif est le renard roux (Vulpes vulpes). Jusqu'il y a peu, la Belgique était un pays considéré comme à très faible risque pour cette parasitose, mais de récentes autopsies de renards ont montré des prévalences élevées chez ceux-ci (pouvant dépasser les 60 %). Les chiens et les chats peuvent également être des hôtes définitifs. La transmission humaine (hôte accidentel) se fait principalement via la consommation d'aliments souillés par les déjections animales contaminées donnant, après une longue période d'incubation, des lésions hépatiques infiltrantes et, éventuellement, des atteintes extra-hépatiques pouvant être mortelles. Le diagnostic est fondé sur l'imagerie médicale couplée à des tests sérologiques et la PCR sur des tissus. La prise en charge curative est chirurgicale, lorsque la résection complète est possible. Elle est associée à un traitement de deux ans post-opératoire à base d'albendazole. En cas d'impossibilité de résection complète, un traitement au long cours par de l'albendazole est préconisé. Enfin, dans certains cas, une transplantation hépatique peut être envisagée. En raison de l'augmentation des cas autochtones rencontrés en Wallonie, un groupe spécialisé dans la prise en charge de l'échinococcose a été créé au sein de l'université de Liège. Cet article illustre les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de cette zoonose.


Assuntos
Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/terapia , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , DNA de Protozoário , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Equinococose/transmissão , Echinococcus multilocularis/genética , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
11.
Eur J Neurol ; 24(9): 1183-1187, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28695690

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Porphyrias are a group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting from a specific deficiency along the pathway of haem biosynthesis. A clinical classification distinguishes acute from non-acute porphyrias considering the occurrence of life-threatening neurovisceral attacks, presenting with abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric disturbance and neuropathy. Vasospasm is a very rare complication that can occur in all major types of acute porphyria. METHODS: We describe a porphyric crisis with vasospasm in a woman with previously undiagnosed acute porphyria. Furthermore we performed a systematic review by searching the electronic database Pubmed/MEDLINE for additional data in published studies of vasospasm in acute porphyria. RESULTS: Overall, 9 case reports reporting on 11 patients who suffered vasospasm during an exacerbation of acute porphyria were identified. All of the reported patients were women and the mean age was 29.4 years. When brain MRI was performed, T2-hyperintense lesions, consistent with ischaemic changes, were observed in most patients (10/11, 91%). Although the genetic pathogenesis of the disease is well understood, the precise mechanisms to explain neurologic involvement in acute porphyria remain unclear. CONCLUSION: Acute porphyria is an unusual and rare cause of vasospasm. However, considering porphyria in patients with unexplained cerebral vasospasm, especially in women of childbearing age, is crucial given the severity of possible complications and the available treatment options.


Assuntos
Porfirias/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologia , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Hemina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Porfirias/diagnóstico por imagem , Porfirias/psicologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/psicologia , Acuidade Visual
12.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(4): 168-174, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28471547

RESUMO

In recent years, the treatment of esophagus cancer has been completely changed, thus competing the dogma of surgery as the cornerstone treatment. Multimodality treatments as radio-chemotherapy directly followed by surgery, or delayed surgery, significantly improve patient survival compared to surgery alone. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is associated with a higher complete pathologic response rate and improved survival compared to chemotherapy alone. Immediate surgery after radio-chemotherapy is challenged for patients who present a complete clinical response, especially in case of squamous cell carcinoma. Indeed, systematic resection is associated with a significant postoperative mortality rate and has not proven any survival advantage in complete clinical responders as opposed to delayed resection in case of locally persistent or recurrent disease. In squamous cell carcinoma, this could lead to organ preservation, thus avoiding the mortality and durable functional impairment of esophagectomy. This review will discuss the positioning of the multimodality treatment strategy with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and chemotherapy and also the strategy of organ preservation.


Depuis quelques années, le traitement du cancer de l'œsophage est en pleine mutation, bousculant ainsi le grand dogme de la chirurgie comme pierre angulaire du traitement. Par rapport à la chirurgie seule, les traitements multimodaux de radiochimiothérapie suivis, directement ou de façon différée, par la chirurgie améliorent significativement les chances de survie prolongée des patients. Comparée à la chimiothérapie néodjuvante, la radiochimiothérapie néoadjuvante démontre un taux de réponse pathologique complet plus élevé qui résulte en une survie prolongée. Chez les très bons répondeurs cliniques, la question de la place de la résection chirurgicale d'emblée est remise en question, surtout pour les carcinomes épidermoïdes. Chez ces patients, la résection systématique par rapport à un acte différé n'offre pas d'avantage en survie, expose le patient à un risque de mortalité significatif alors qu'un certain nombre de patients n'auront jamais à être opérés. Le seul bénéfice actuellement démontré de la résection est une amélioration du contrôle local; or, le devenir du patient est principalement lié à la récidive métastatique. Dans cette revue, nous positionnons et discutons la place des différents traitements multimodaux, chimiothérapie et radiochimiothérapie néoadjuvantes, ainsi que la place de la préservation d'organe par rapport à une chirurgie d'emblée après une radiochimiothérapie.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Humanos
13.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(2): 58-63, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28387081

RESUMO

Esophageal cancers represent a highly heterogeneous entity mixing two different tumour types : AdenoCarcinoma (ADC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SSC). Developing in the same organ, they are very often considered as a unique pathology and, consequently, the same therapeutic strategy is indiscriminately applied. Esophageal cancer treatments are particularly complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. Despite impressive advances in the tumour statidifaction, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall prognosis remains grim even at an early stage of the disease. In order to improve the treatment of esophageal cancers and the patient’s survival, we need to consider that ADC and SCC represent two different pathologies requiring specific therapeutic strategies. This review in two parts will present recent data from clinical trials under the scope of tumour histology to set up dedicated therapeutic strategies. In this first part, we explain the restricted role of surgical resection, the prognostic factors and the results of exclusive combined chemotherapy and radiation in localized esophageal cancer.


Les cancers de l'œsophage concernent deux entités d'histologie et de pathogenèse différentes : les carcinomes épidermoïdes (CE) et les adénocarcinomes (ADC). Ils se développent dans un même organe et sont souvent considérés comme une seule et unique maladie avec, comme conséquence, une stratégie thérapeutique identique. Leur traitement est complexe et requiert une prise en charge multidisciplinaire. Bien que les techniques de mise au point de la pathologie, de traitement par chirurgie, de radiothérapie et de chimiothérapie se soient améliorées, le pronostic de la maladie reste péjoratif, même à un stade précoce. L'amélioration de la prise en charge et de la survie des patients nécessite de considérer les CE et les ADC comme deux pathologies distinctes, impliquant des approches thérapeutiques qui leur soient spécifiquement dédiées. Cette revue en deux parties analyse les différents aspects thérapeutiques des cancers de l'œsophage sous l'angle de l'histologie et permet de dégager des stratégies spécifiques. Cette première partie est consacrée aux limites de la résection chirurgicale, aux facteurs pronostiques et aux résultats des traitements par radio-chimiothérapie exclusive des cancers localisés.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Humanos
15.
Blood Purif ; 42(3): 248-65, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27562206

RESUMO

This paper reports on the continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) technology group recommendations and research proposals developed during the 17th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Meeting in Asiago, Italy. The group was tasked to address questions related to the impact of technology on acute kidney injury management. We discuss technological aspects of the decision to initiate CRRT and the components of the treatment prescription and delivery, the integration of information technology (IT) on overall patient management, the incorporation of CRRT into other 'non-renal' extracorporeal technologies such as ECMO and ECCO2R and the use of sorbents in sepsis and propose new areas for future research. Instead of reviewing current knowledge, the group focused on developing a renovated research agenda that reflects current and future technological advances, centered on innovations in new equipment, membranes and IT that will permit the integration of patient care and decision-making processes for years to come.


Assuntos
Estado Terminal , Terapia de Substituição Renal , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Hidratação , Humanos , Sepse
16.
Vox Sang ; 109(1): 86-90, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25827449

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: If 'passenger lymphocyte syndrome' (PLS) is a well-recognized complication in ABO-mismatched solid organ transplantation, the coexistence of this reaction with recipient's alloimmunization against multiple antigens expressed on the residual red blood cells in the graft is less common and unpredictable. METHODS: The receiver of an ABO minor-mismatch liver graft from a cadaveric donor developed haemolytic anaemia within 2 weeks after transplantation. The organ donor was of blood group O D+C+c+E+e+ K+k+ Le(a+b-) and the recipient, A1 D-C-c+E-e+ K-k+ Le(a-b-). The donor and recipient were both tested for irregular antibodies. Elution was performed on the recipient's red blood cells (RBCs). RESULTS: None of the recipient and donor had irregular alloantibodies at the time of transplantation. On day 10, anti-A antibodies were detected in the recipient's serum and eluted from his RBCs. At the same time, the patient developed multiple alloantibodies: anti-D, anti-C, anti-E, anti-K and anti-Le(a) against the donor's erythrocyte antigens. CONCLUSION: Although serological analysis and haemolytic parameters confirmed the diagnosis of PLS which required transfusion support, no sign of graft damage due to recipient's immune reaction was detected. This case illustrates the required follow-up of the recipient after transplantation.


Assuntos
Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/imunologia , Isoanticorpos/imunologia , Transplante de Fígado , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Fucosiltransferases/genética , Hemoglobinas/análise , Hemólise , Humanos , Isoanticorpos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doadores de Tecidos , Galactosídeo 2-alfa-L-Fucosiltransferase
17.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 59(10): 1296-302, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26046372

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used in patients with severe respiratory failure. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is a safe and non-invasive method for measuring resting energy expenditure (REE). No data exist on the use of IC in ECMO-treated patients as oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination are divided between mechanical ventilation and the artificial lung. We report our preliminary clinical experience with a theoretical model that derives REE from IC measurements obtained separately on the ventilator and on the artificial lung. METHODS: A patient undergoing veno-venous ECMO for acute respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia was studied. The calorimeter was first connected to the ventilator and oxygen consumption (VO2 ) and carbon dioxide transport (VCO2 ) were measured until steady state was reached. Subsequently, the IC was connected to the membrane oxygenator and similar gas analysis was performed. VO2 and VCO2 values at the native and artificial lung were summed and incorporated in the Weir equation to obtain a REEcomposite . RESULTS: At the ventilator level, VO2 and VCO2 were 29.5 ml/min and 16 ml/min. VO2 and VCO2 at the artificial lung level were 213 ml/min and 187 ml/min. Based on these values, a REEcomposite of 1703 kcal/day was obtained. The Faisy-Fagon and Harris-Benedict equations calculated a REE of 1373 and 1563 kcal/day. CONCLUSION: We present IC-acquired gas analysis in ECMO patients. We propose to insert individually obtained IC measurements at the native and the artificial lung in the Weir equation for retrieving a measured REEcomposite .


Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Biológicos , Consumo de Oxigênio
18.
Rev Med Liege ; 70(7-8): 378-83, 2015.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26376565

RESUMO

We report the history of a 20-year-old woman admitted for thrombosis of the sus-hepatic veins and of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with extension of the thrombus into the right atrium. The etiological research was negative and a diagnosis of idiopathic Budd-Chiari syndrome was retained. In view of the absence of vein repermeabilisation under adequate anticoagulant therapy, a venous thrombectomiy was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass, which improved the hepatic venous drainage. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a very serious disorder. Its treatment implies a step by step procedure. An effective anticoagulation must first be established. The complications of portal hypertension then require attention. For a symptomatic patient, one should assess the possibility of restoring the venous permeability, improving the hepatic drainage and decompressing the liver by radiological interventional or surgical procedures. Finally, an hepatic transplantation should be considered in case of treatment ineffectiveness, of fulminant hepatic failure, or of an evolution towards cirrhosis.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Budd-Chiari , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/patologia , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Radiografia , Trombose/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose/patologia , Trombose/cirurgia , Adulto Jovem
19.
Br J Surg ; 101(7): 784-92, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24771475

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Results of donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation are impaired by graft loss, resulting mainly from non-anastomotic biliary stricture. Donor age is a risk factor in deceased donor liver transplantation, and particularly in DCD liver transplantation. At the authors' institute, age is not an absolute exclusion criterion for discarding DCD liver grafts, DCD donors receive comfort therapy before withdrawal, and cold ischaemia is minimized. METHODS: All consecutive DCD liver transplantations performed from 2003 to 2012 were studied retrospectively. Three age groups were compared in terms of donor and recipient demographics, procurement and transplantation conditions, peak laboratory values during the first post-transplant 72 h, and results at 1 and 3 years. RESULTS: A total of 70 DCD liver transplants were performed, including 32 liver grafts from donors aged 55 years or less, 20 aged 56-69 years, and 18 aged 70 years or more. The overall graft survival rate at 1 month, 1 and 3 years was 99, 91 and 72 per cent respectively, with no graft lost secondary to non-anastomotic stricture. No difference other than age was noted between the three groups for donor or recipient characteristics, or procurement conditions. No primary non-function occurred, but one patient needed retransplantation for artery thrombosis. Biliary complications were similar in the three groups. Graft and patient survival rates were no different at 1 and 3 years between the three groups (P = 0.605). CONCLUSION: Results for DCD liver transplantation from younger and older donors were similar. Donor age above 50 years should not be a contraindication to DCD liver transplantation if other donor risk factors (such as warm and cold ischaemia time) are minimized.


Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Parada Cardíaca , Transplante de Fígado/estatística & dados numéricos , Doadores de Tecidos , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Causas de Morte , Isquemia Fria , Feminino , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
20.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 58(1): 61-73, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24261316

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The first-line medication gabapentin and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil represent a new promising combination to improve treatment outcomes for patients with severe neuropathic pain. The drugs have previously shown synergism following co-administration in nerve-injured rats. METHODS: The clinical relevance of adding donepezil to existing gabapentin treatment in patients with post-traumatic neuropathic pain was explored in this open-label study. The study comprised two consecutive periods of minimum 6 weeks: (1) titration of gabapentin to the highest tolerable dose or maximum 2400 mg daily, and (2) addition of donepezil 5 mg once daily to the fixed gabapentin dose. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed by ratings of pain intensity, questionnaires for pain and health-related quality of life, and reporting of adverse events. Pain scores were also analysed using mixed-effects analysis with the software NONMEM to account for intersubject variability. RESULTS: Eight patients commenced treatment with donepezil, of which two withdrew because of adverse events. Addition of donepezil resulted in clinically relevant reductions of pain (> 11 units on a 0-100 scale) and improved mental wellness in three of six patients. The remaining three patients had no obvious supplemental effect. Mixed-effects analysis revealed that pain scores were significantly lower during co-administration (P < 0.0001 combination vs. monotherapy). CONCLUSION: Donepezil may provide additional analgesia to neuropathic pain patients with insufficient pain relief from gabapentin as monotherapy. The promising results support controlled clinical trials of the drug combination. The usefulness of mixed-effects analysis in small-scale trials and/or for data with high intersubject variability was also demonstrated.


Assuntos
Aminas/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/uso terapêutico , Indanos/uso terapêutico , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Algoritmos , Aminas/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/efeitos adversos , Cicloexanóis/uso terapêutico , Donepezila , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Gabapentina , Humanos , Indanos/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/efeitos adversos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/efeitos adversos , Qualidade de Vida , Tamanho da Amostra , Cloridrato de Venlafaxina , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/efeitos adversos
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