Changes in life history parameters and transcriptome profile of Serangium japonicum associated with feeding on natural prey (Bemisia tabaci) and alternate host (Corcyra cephalonica eggs).

BACKGROUND: The mass production of natural predators with prolonged shelf life is a prerequisite for their field application as pest control agents. The traditional methods used for the mass production of Serangium japonicum rely heavily on the consistent supply of natural prey. This study explains the effects of B. tabaci (natural prey) and C. cephalonica eggs (alternative food) on life history and transcriptome profile of S. japanicum. METHODS: This study compares the effects of B. tabaci (natural prey) and C. cephalonica eggs (alternative food) on biology, reproduction, and predatory efficacy, and transcriptome profile of S. japanicum. RESULTS: This study revealed that S. japonicum was able to successfully complete its life cycle while feeding on B. tabaci (natural prey) and C. cephalonica eggs (alternative food). The C. cephalonica eggs fed S. japonicum individuals had longer developmental period and lower fecundity as compared to those feeding on whitefly but the survival rates (3rd instar nymphs, 4th instar nymphs and pupae) and predatory efficacy of C. cephalonica eggs fed S. japonicum individuals were significantly similar to to those feeding on whitefly.Transcriptome analysis showed that when faced with dietary changes, S. japanicum could successfully feed on C. cephalonica eggs by regulating genes related to nutrient transport, metabolism, and detoxification. Moreover, S. japanicum degraded excess cellular components through ribosomal autophagy and apoptosis, which provided sufficient materials and energy for survival and basic metabolism. CONCLUSION: Corcyra cephalonica eggs can be used as an alternate host for the predator, Serangium japonicum, as the survival rates and predatory efficacy of the predator are similar to those feeding on the natural host (B.tabaci). When faced with dietary changes, S. japanicum could successfully feed on C. cephalonica eggs as revealed by upregulation of genes related to nutrient transport, metabolism, and detoxification. These findings are of great significance for studying the functional evolution of S. japonicum in response to dietary changes.

TERC promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by facilitating the nuclear localization of TERT.

The core of telomerase consists of the protein subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the telomerase RNA component (TERC). So far, the role of TERC in cancer development has remained elusive. Here, we found TERC expression elevated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, which was associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in patients. Using NSCLC cell lines and xenograft models, we showed that knockdown of TERC caused cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, TERC was exported to the cytoplasm by nuclear RNA export factor 1 (NXF1), where it mediated the interaction of TERT with other telomerase subunits. Depletion of TERC hindered the assembly and subsequent nuclear localization of the telomerase complex, preventing TERT from functioning in telomere maintenance and transcription regulation. Our findings suggest that TERC is a potential biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis and can be a target for NSCLC treatment.

Comprehensive analysis of N1-methylandenosine regulators and m1A-related mRNAs and lncRNAs as prognostic factors in bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a lethal malignancy and recurs frequently. m1A plays a vital role in maintaining the biological functions of non-coding RNAs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a free website from where transcriptome data of BC were obtained. We chose m1A methylation regulators for this study. Six m1A methylation regulator genes have a higher expression in BC tissue compared to normal tissue. The aberrant expression of those m1A regulator genes was remarkably related to BC prognosis and clinicopathological features. First, m1A-related mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. Next, univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression were performed to get the optimum RNAs for the development of prognostic signatures. Also, a nomogram with T status, lncRNA risk scores and mRNA risk scores was constructed. It revealed an adequate capacity to predict the overall survival of BC cases in the training set as well as in the testing set and in the total TCGA cohort. In conclusion, m1A methylation regulator genes played an important role in predicting the overall survival of BC patients. In addition, m1A-related lncRNAs and mRNAs illustrated underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development of BC.

Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Fossia Volynkin, Ivanova amp; S.-Y. Huang, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) from China with description of a new subspecies.

New information on the genus Fossia Volynkin, Ivanova S.-Y. Huang, 2019 from China is provided. A new subspecies of F. bachma (Volynkin ern, 2018) is described from Hainan, southern China: Fossia bachma hainanensis S.-Y. Huang Volynkin ssp. nov., which is confirmed by morphological and molecular evidences. Fossia punicea (Moore, 1878) has been formally recorded from Yunnan, southwestern China, where it is represented by the subspecies F. punicea kachina (Volynkin ern, 2018). Adults and genitalia of the aforementioned taxa are illustrated.

Lymph Node Ratio Rather Than Positive Lymph Node Counts Has Better Prognostic Value in Patients With Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer represents the most common malignancy in young adult men. In the current study, we sought to analyze and compare the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) as well as positive lymph node counts (LNC) to understand its clinical significance in testicular germ cell tumors. METHODS: We employed eligibility criteria to recruit a total of 931 patients, with testicular cancer, from 2010 to 2015 from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We then used the X-Tile program to calculate LNR and LNC cutoff values and discriminate survival. We then calculated the overall and cancer specific survival rates and analyzed the association between LNR/LNC and clinical pathological characteristics using the χ2 test. Finally, we assessed the relationships between clinical pathological factors and patient survival using univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between prognosis with age (HR, 5.169; 95% CI, 1.758-15.200; P = 0.003), AJCC stage (III vs I: HR, 9.298; 95% CI, 2.691-32.131; P < 0.001), M stage (HR, 7.897; 95% CI, 3.417-18.251; P < 0.001) and LNR (HR, 3.009; 95% CI, 1.275-7.098; P = 0.012). On the other hand, LNC (HR, 1.743; 95% CI, 0.687-4.420; P = 0.242) was not significantly associated with prognosis. Analysis of the association between LNR/LNC and clinical pathological characteristics showed that high LNR patients tended to have significantly larger tumor sizes (χ2 = 7.877, P = 0.005), as well as advanced T (χ2 = 13.195, P = 0.004), N ( χ2 = 86.775, P < 0.001), M (χ2 = 19.948, P < 0.001) and 7th AJCC (χ2 = 103.074, P < 0.001) stages. In addition, high LNC patients were significantly associated with T (χ2 = 8.799, P = 0.032), N (χ2 = 74.390, P < 0.001) and 7th AJCC (χ2 = 111.759, P < 0.001) stages. CONCLUSION: LNR was a better predictor for long-term prognosis and was closely associated with clinical pathological characteristics than LNC in patients with testicular germ cell tumors.

Effects of Physical Exercise Intervention on Motor Skills and Executive Functions in Children With ADHD: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of a 12-week table tennis exercise on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD. METHOD: Fifteen children with ADHD received the intervention, whereas 15 children with ADHD and 30 typically developing children did not. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2, Stroop, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were conducted before and after the intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, the ADHD training group scored significantly higher in the locomotor as well as object-control skills, Stroop Color-Word condition, and WCST total correct performance compared with the ADHD non-training group, and we noted improvements in the locomotor as well as object-control skills, Stroop Color-Word condition, and three aspects of the WCST performances of the ADHD training group over time. CONCLUSION: A 12-week table tennis exercise may have clinical relevance in motor skills and executive functions of children with ADHD.

The impacts of physical activity intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study examined the effects of a 12-week physical activity intervention on the motor skill proficiency and executive function of 22 boys (aged 9.08 ± 1.75 years) with autism spectrum disorder. In Phase I of the 12 weeks, 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group A) received the intervention, whereas the other 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group B) did not (true control, no intervention). The arrangement was reversed in Phase II, which lasted an additional 12 weeks. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted three times for each participant (Group A, primary grouping: baseline (T1), post-assessment (T2), and follow-up assessment (T3); Group B, control grouping: T1-T2; intervention condition, T2-T3). The main findings were that both groups of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly exhibited improvements in motor skill proficiency (the total motor composite and two motor-area composites) and executive function (three indices of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) after 12 weeks of physical activity intervention. In addition, the effectiveness appeared to have been sustained for at least 12 weeks in Group A. The findings provide supporting evidence that physical activity interventions involving table tennis training may be a viable therapeutic option for treating children with autism spectrum disorder.

Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Secondary School-Aged Male Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that childhood obesity is increasing in children with typical development (TD) and in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The associations between physical activity (PA) levels and physical fitness components have not yet been objectively examined in this population but may have clinical implications for the development of secondary health complications. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were: (1) to compare PA and physical fitness between secondary school-aged male students with ASD and their peers with TD and (2) to assess possible interrelationships between PA and physical fitness levels in each group. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Physical activity was recorded every 10 seconds by using accelerometry in 70 male students with (n=35) and without (n=35) ASD for up to 5 weekdays and 2 weekend days. The Brockport Physical Fitness Test was used to assess physical fitness. RESULTS: The primary findings were: (1) participants with ASD were less physically active overall and engaged in moderate-to-vigorous PA for a lower percentage of time compared with participants with TD during weekdays; (2) participants with ASD had significantly lower scores on all physical fitness measures, except body composition; and (3) group-dependent relationships existed between physical fitness profiles and PA levels. LIMITATIONS: The study design limits causal inference from the results. CONCLUSION: Specific interventions for maximizing PA and physical fitness levels in secondary school-aged male students with ASD are urgently needed.