Bullous Pemphigoid and Diabetes medications: A disproportionality analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background: The world's first Diabetes Medications (Insulin) was marketed in October 1923. Some studies suggested the association of diabetes medications with Bullous Pemphigoid (BP), especially the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. The study aims to detect an association between diabetes medications (focusing on DPP-4 inhibitors) and bullous pemphigoid based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: All spontaneous reports of diabetes medications inhibitors-related BP recorded in the FAERS between March 2004 and August 2020 were included in the present study. Disproportionality analysis was performed to find the signal between diabetes medications and BP. The Chi-Squared with Yates' correction (χ2 Yates), proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR025) were calculated as a measure. A signal was detected when ROR025 > 1, PRR > 2, χ2 Yates > 4 and at least 3 cases. Results: There were 3770 reports for BP in FAERS. The strongest signal for diabetes medications-BP association were DDP-4 inhibitors (ROR025: 13.700, PRR: 15.408), followed by Meglitinides (ROR025: 12.708, PRR: 16.777), Non-sulfonylureas (ROR025: 6.434, PRR: 7.016), Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (ROR025: 6.105, PRR: 10.738), Sulfonylureas (ROR025:2.655, PRR: 3.200). Conclusions: This study detected a strong signal between BP and DDP-4 inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides, non-sulfonylureas, and sulfonylureas in FAERS. The signal was significantly higher with alogliptin than with the other DPP-4 inhibitors. The study doesn't suggest the association between the incretin mimetics, insulin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and BP in FAERS.

Gender-Specific Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Incident High Intraocular Pressure in Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between high intraocular pressure (IOP) and uric acid. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, 19,147 participants were included in 2018. Serum uric acid (SUA) was cut to four groups as Q1 to Q4, according to the quartiles. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of different SUA levels were estimated by a binomial logistic regression model in men and women. A restrictive cubic spline method was used to estimate the dose-response relationship between uric acid and high IOP. Subgroup analysis was performed to find the gender-specific association between uric acid and high IOP. Results: In women, after adjusting for confounding factors, the Q3 and Q4 of SUA levels were significantly associated with the risk of high IOP. The OR with 95% CI for Q3 and Q4 were 1.77 (1.22, 2.57) and 1.51 (1.01, 2.26), respectively, Q1 as a reference. For men, SUA levels were not associated with the incidence of high IOP. Moreover, the spline analysis found an inverted U-shaped relationship between uric acid and high IOP in women (P = 0.0171). Conclusions: Elevated levels of SUAwere independently associated with an increased risk of high IOP in women, but not in men. In addition, uric acid had an inverse U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship with high IOP in women.