Pan-cancer ion transport signature reveals functional regulators of glioblastoma aggression.

Ion channels, transporters, and other ion-flux controlling proteins, collectively comprising the "ion permeome", are common drug targets, however, their roles in cancer remain understudied. Our integrative pan-cancer transcriptome analysis shows that genes encoding the ion permeome are significantly more often highly expressed in specific subsets of cancer samples, compared to pan-transcriptome expectations. To enable target selection, we identified 410 survival-associated IP genes in 33 cancer types using a machine-learning approach. Notably, GJB2 and SCN9A show prominent expression in neoplastic cells and are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain cancer. GJB2 or SCN9A knockdown in patient-derived glioblastoma cells induces transcriptome-wide changes involving neuron projection and proliferation pathways, impairs cell viability and tumor sphere formation in vitro, perturbs tunneling nanotube dynamics, and extends the survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice. Thus, aberrant activation of genes encoding ion transport proteins appears as a pan-cancer feature defining tumor heterogeneity, which can be exploited for mechanistic insights and therapy development.

Research progress of the netrins and their receptors in cancer.

Netrins, a family of secreted and membrane-associated proteins, can regulate axonal guidance, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, cell migration, cell survival, and tumorigenesis. Four secreted netrins (netrin 1, 3, 4 and 5) and two glycosylphosphatidylinositols-anchored membrane proteins, netrin-G1 and G2, have been identified in mammals. Netrins and their receptors can serve as a biomarker and molecular therapeutic target for pathological differentiation, diagnosis and prognosis of malignant cancers. We review here the potential roles of the netrins family and their receptors in cancer.

Icariin attenuates asthmatic airway inflammation via modulating alveolar macrophage activation based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.

BACKGROUND: Icariin (ICA) inhibits inflammatory response in various diseases, but the mechanism underlying ICA treating airway inflammation in asthma needs further understood. We aimed to predict and validate the potential targets of ICA against asthma-associated airway inflammation using network pharmacology and experiments. METHODS: The ovalbumin-induced asthma-associated airway inflammation mice model was established. The effects of ICA were evaluated by behavioral, airway hyperresponsiveness, lung pathological changes, inflammatory cell and cytokines counts. Next, the corresponding targets of ICA were mined via the SEA, CTD, HERB, PharmMapper, Symmap database and the literature. Pubmed-Gene and GeneCards databases were used to screen asthma and airway inflammation-related targets. The overlapping targets were used to build an interaction network, analyze gene ontology and enrich pathways. Subsequently, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were employed for validation. RESULTS: ICA alleviated the airway inflammation of asthma; 402 targets of ICA, 5136 targets of asthma and 4531 targets of airway inflammation were screened; 216 overlapping targets were matched and predicted ICA possesses the potential to modulate asthmatic airway inflammation by macrophage activation/polarization. Additionally, ICA decreased M1 but elevated M2. Potential targets that were disrupted by asthma inflammation were restored by ICA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: ICA alleviates airway inflammation in asthma by inhibiting the M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages, which is related to metabolic reprogramming. Jun, Jak2, Syk, Tnf, Aldh2, Aldh9a1, Nos1, Nos2 and Nos3 represent potential targets of therapeutic intervention. The present study enhances understanding of the anti-airway inflammation effects of ICA, especially in asthma.

Shoot-to-root communication via GmUVR8-GmSTF3 photosignaling and flavonoid biosynthesis fine-tunes soybean nodulation under UV-B light.

Legume nodulation requires light perception by plant shoots and precise long-distance communication between shoot and root. Recent studies have revealed that TGACG-motif binding factors (GmSTFs) integrate light signals to promote root nodulation; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying nodule formation in changing light conditions remain elusive. Here, we applied genetic engineering, metabolite measurement, and transcriptional analysis to study soybean (Glycine max) nodules. We clarify a fine-tuning mechanism in response to ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation and rhizobia infection, involving GmUVR8-dependent UV-B perception and GmSTF3/4-GmMYB12-GmCHS-mediated (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis for soybean nodule formation. GmUVR8 receptor-perceived UV-B signal triggered R2R3-MYB transcription factors GmMYB12-dependent flavonoid biosynthesis separately in shoot and root. In shoot, UV-B-triggered flavonoid biosynthesis relied on GmUVR8a, b, c receptor-dependent activation of GmMYB12L-GmCHS8 (chalcone synthase) module. In root, UV-B signaling distinctly promotes the accumulation of the isoflavones, daidzein, and its derivative coumestrol, via GmMYB12B2-GmCHS9 module, resulting in hypernodulation. The mobile transcription factors, GmSTF3/4, bind to cis-regulatory elements in the GmMYB12L, GmMYB12B2, and GmCHS9 promoters, to coordinate UV-B light perception in shoot and (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis in root. Our findings establish a novel shoot-to-root communication module involved in soybean nodulation and reveal an adaptive strategy employed by soybean roots in response to UV-B light.

Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Modified Laponite@Diatomite Composites for Enhanced Adsorption Performance of Organic Pollutants.

This work aims to enhance the adsorption performance of Laponite @diatomite for organic pollutants by modifying it with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The microstructure and morphology of the CTAB-modified Laponite @diatomite material were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, and TG. Furthermore, the influences of key parameters, containing pH, adsorbent dosage, reaction time, and reaction temperature, on the adsorption process were investigated. The kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherm models of the adsorption process were analyzed. Finally, potential adsorption mechanisms were given based on the characterization. The research findings indicate that CTAB-La@D exhibits good adsorption performance toward Congo red (CR) over a broad pH range. The maximum adsorption capacity of CR was 451.1 mg/g under the optimum conditions (dosage = 10 mg, contact time = 240 min, initial CR concentration = 100 mg/L, temperature = 25 °C, and pH = 7). The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption process of CR was more in line with the Langmuir model, and it was physical adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis illustrates that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. Additionally, the mechanisms of electrostatic adsorption and hydrophobic effect adsorption of CR were investigated through XPS and FTIR analysis. This work provides an effective pathway for designing high-performance adsorbents for the removal of organic dye, and the synthesized materials hold great capability for practical utilization in the treatment of wastewater.

Exploring the biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs for sepsis via integrated bioinformatic analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an excessive inflammatory response to an infection, associated with high mortality. However, the regulatory mechanism of sepsis remains unclear. RESULTS: In this study, bioinformatics analysis revealed the novel key biomarkers associated with sepsis and potential regulators. Three public datasets (GSE28750, GSE57065 and GSE95233) were employed to recognize the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Taking the intersection of DEGs from these three datasets, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 537 shared DEGs and their biological functions and pathways. These genes were mainly enriched in T cell activation, differentiation, lymphocyte differentiation, mononuclear cell differentiation, and regulation of T cell activation based on GO analysis. Further, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation. Additionally, five hub immune-related genes (CD3E, HLA-DRA, IL2RB, ITK and LAT) were identified from the protein-protein interaction network, and sepsis patients with higher expression of hub genes had a better prognosis. Besides, 14 drugs targeting these five hub related genes were revealed on the basis of the DrugBank database, which proved advantageous for treating immune-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS: These results strengthen the new understanding of sepsis development and provide a fresh perspective into discriminating the candidate biomarkers for predicting sepsis as well as identifying new drugs for treating sepsis.

Effects of silencing hsa_circ_0015326 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Although the treatment of ovarian cancer has made great progress, there are still many patients who are not timely detected and given targeted therapy due to unknown pathogenesis. Recent studies have found that hsa_circ_0015326 is upregulated in ovarian cancer and is involved in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ovarian cancer cells. However, whether hsa_circ_0015326 can be used as a new target of ovarian cancer needs further investigation. Therefore, the effect of hsa_circ_0015326 on epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated in this study. At first, si-hsa_circ_0015326 lentivirus was transfected into epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Then real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect hsa_circ_0015326 level. The proliferation of ovarian cancer cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The horizontal and vertical migration abilities of the cells were detected by wound-healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Transwell assay was also used to determine the invasion rate. As for the apoptosis rate, it was assessed by flow cytometry. As a result, the expression level of hsa_circ_0015326 in A2780 and SKOV3 was found to be higher than that in IOSE-80. However, after transfecting si-hsa_circ_0015326 and si-NC into the cells, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of A2780 and SKOV3 cells in the si-hsa_circ_0015326 group were significantly reduced in comparison to those in the si-NC and mock groups, while their apoptosis rates were elevated. Collectively, silencing hsa_circ_0015326 bears the capability of inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells while increasing apoptosis rate. It can be concluded that hsa_circ_0015326 promotes the malignant biological activities of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Image dehazing combining polarization properties and deep learning.

In order to solve the problems of color shift and incomplete dehazing after image dehazing, this paper proposes an improved image self-supervised learning dehazing algorithm that combines polarization characteristics and deep learning. First, based on the YOLY network framework, a multiscale module and an attention mechanism module are introduced into the transmission feature estimation network. This enables the extraction of feature information at different scales and allocation of weights, and effectively improves the accuracy of transmission map estimation. Second, a brightness consistency loss based on the YCbCr color space and a color consistency loss are proposed to constrain the brightness and color consistency of the dehazing results, resolving the problems of darkened brightness and color shifts in dehazed images. Finally, the network is trained to dehaze polarized images based on the atmospheric scattering model and loss function constraints. Experiments are conducted on synthetic and real-world data, and comparisons are made with six contrasting dehazing algorithms. The results demonstrate that, compared to the contrastive dehazing algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieves PSNR and SSIM values of 23.92 and 0.94, respectively, on synthetic image samples. For real-world image samples, color restoration is more authentic, contrast is higher, and detailed information is richer. Both subjective and objective evaluations show significant improvements. This validates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed dehazing algorithm.

The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in aging and age-related diseases.

The gradual aging of the global population has led to a surge in age-related diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Researchers are dedicated to understanding and coping with the complexities of aging, constantly uncovering the substances and mechanism related to aging like chronic low-grade inflammation. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), a key regulator of the innate immune response, recognizes molecular patterns associated with pathogens and injury, initiating an intrinsic inflammatory immune response. Dysfunctional NLRP3 is linked to the onset of related diseases, particularly in the context of aging. Therefore, a profound comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in aging-related diseases holds the potential to enhance treatment strategies for these conditions. In this article, we review the significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the initiation and progression of diverse aging-related diseases. Furthermore, we explore preventive and therapeutic strategies for aging and related diseases by manipulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, along with its upstream and downstream mechanisms.

The effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-tempo during sperm ultra-rapid freezing.

During the freeze-thaw process, human spermatozoa are susceptible to oxidative stress, which may cause cryodamage and reduce sperm quality. As a novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, Mito-tempo has been used for sperm cryopreservation. However, it is currently unknown what role it will play in the process of sperm ultra-rapid freezing. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Mito-tempo can improve sperm quality during ultra-rapid freezing. In this study, samples with the addition of Mito-tempo (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µM) to sperm freezing medium were selected to evaluate the changes in sperm quality, antioxidant capacity and ultrastructure after ultra-rapid freezing. After ultra-rapid freezing, the quality and antioxidant function of the spermatozoa were significantly reduced and the spermatozoa ultrastructure was destroyed. The addition of 10 µM Mito-tempo significantly increased post thaw sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05). Moreover, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI), ROS levels and MDA content were reduced, and the antioxidant enzyme (CAT and SOD) activities were enhanced in the 10 µM Mito-tempo group (P < 0.05). Moreover, Mito-tempo protected sperm ultrastructure from damage. In conclusion, Mito-tempo improved the quality and antioxidant function of sperm after ultra-rapid freezing while reducing freezing-induced ultrastructural damage.

Association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and osteoarthritis: results from the NHANES 2003-2016 and Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) exhibit potential as therapeutics for a variety of diseases. This observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to explore the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Excluding individuals under 20 years old and those with missing data on relevant variables in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2003 to 2016, a total of 22 834 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate the association between omega-3 PUFAs and OA in adults. Moreover, restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine the dose-response relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and OA. To further investigate the potential causal relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and OA risk, a two-sample MR study was conducted. Furthermore, the robustness of the findings was assessed using various methods. RESULTS: Omega-3 PUFAs intake were inversely associated with OA in adults aged 40 ∼ 59 after multivariable adjustment [Formula: see text], with a nonlinear relationship observed between omega-3 PUFAs intake and OA [Formula: see text]. The IVW results showed there was no evidence to suggest a causal relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and OA risk [Formula: see text]. CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 PUFAs were inversely associated with OA in adults aged 40 ∼ 59. However, MR studies did not confirm a causal relationship between the two.

Nail psoriasis in China: A prospective multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Data on nail psoriasis (PsO) in China are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To provide nail PsO-related data regarding epidemiologic characteristics, manifestations, fungal infections, arthritic complaints and treatments that may facilitate improved patient management globally. METHODS: From August 2021 to August 2022, patients with nail PsO were enrolled in a prospective multicentre observational study at 25 hospitals in China. We collected and analysed data concerning nail PsO demography, clinical signs, fungal detection, arthritic symptoms and treatment. RESULTS: A total of 817 patients with nail PsO were involved, with a mean body mass index of 24.13 ± 2.93. In addition, 71.41% of the patients were male. The Nail PsO Severity Index score was weakly positively correlated with body surface area. The percentage of nail involvement was 95.29% for fingernails and 57.18% for toenails, with pitting (67.11%) and subungual hyperkeratosis (60.40%) being the most prevalent manifestations, respectively. Toenails showed a significantly higher frequency of nailfold scales, subungual hyperkeratosis and nail plate crumbling and a lower frequency of splinter haemorrhages, pitting and erythema of the lunula. A total of 13.26% of the PsO patients had onychomycosis, and 77.08% were observed in the toenails. Articular symptoms were reported by 12.17% of the patients, with the peripheral type being predominant. Significant associations between articular symptoms and nailfold swelling, subungual hyperkeratosis, nailfold scales, onycholysis and longitudinal ridges were found. Only 2.30% (20 out of 871) of patients with nail PsO received treatment. The most frequently employed therapy for cutaneous PsO with nail involvement was biologic therapy (n = 366). CONCLUSIONS: PsO showed distinct manifestations in the toenails and fingernails. Additionally, toenail PsO combined with onychomycosis requires special attention. Articular symptoms in psoriatic patients are associated with specific nail changes. It is important to research and advocate for more potent treatments for nail PsO.

Diisoprenyl Cyclohexene-Type Meroterpenoids with Cytotoxic Activity from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. GXNU-Y85.

Five new diisoprenyl cyclohexene-type meroterpenoids, aspergienynes J-N (1-5), along with three known analogues (6-8), were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungal strain Aspergillus sp. GXNU-Y85. The chemical structures, including their absolute configurations, were established via spectroscopic data and comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Cytotoxicity assay results indicated that compound 8 had strong cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells, and its IC50 value was 11.8 µM. In addition, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cytotoxicity of 8 was due to the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells.

First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot on Polygonatum kingianum in China.

Polygonatum kingianum is a Chinese herbal medicine that belongs to the genus Polygonatum of the family Liliaceae. In June 2023, Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. in nurseries in Qujing, Yunnan Province, China, showed irregular brown spots on the leaves, whole leaf necrosis, and plant death in serious cases, with an incidence of 10-20% (Fig. S1). To identify the pathogens of P. kingianum, six diseased samples were collected from nurseries with 0.6 acre. These diseased sample leaves were soaked in 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min and 75% ethanol for 2 min and then rinsed thrice with sterile water. Treated leaves were cut into small pieces (5×5 mm) and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for five days at 28°C. Total thirteen fungal strains were isolated from PDA medium. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) region of these 13 strains was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primers ITSI/ITS4 (White et al. 1990). Sequencing and BLAST of the ITS region on NCBI showed that 11 out of 13 fungal strains belonged to the genus Alternaria, with an identity ≥99%. We selected one of the Alternaria strains, HJ-A1, for further study. The HJ-A1 colony appeared grayish brown white-to-gray with a flocculent texture on the front side and a dark gray underside on the PDA medium (Fig. S1). The conidiophores appeared brown, either single or branched, and produced numerous short conidial chains. The conidia were obclavate to obpyriform or ellipsoid in shape and contained 1-4 transverse septa and 0-2 oblique septa. The conidial diameter was 27.30µm in length and 12.27µm in width. (Fig. S1). To further determine the species of HJA1, the genomic DNA of HJ-A1 was extracted using the Lysis Buffer for PCR (AG, Hunan, China). Four Alternaria genomic DNA regions including the ITS, translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1-α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and Alternaria major allergen gene (Alt a1) were amplified by PCR using the primers as previously reported (Woudenberg et al. 2013, Hong et al. 2005). Sequence analysis revealed that the ITS (484bp) of HJ-A1 (NCBI No. PP082633), TEF1-α (267bp) of HJ-A1 (NCBI No. PP419893), GAPDH (582bp) of HJ-A1 (NCBI No. PP419892), and Alt a1 (522bp) of HJ-A1 (NCBI No. PP228046) shared the highest identity with A. alternata respectively (99≥%). A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed with the combined sequence data sets of ITS, GAPDH, TEF, and Alt a1 using MEGA 7. The results showed that HJ-A1 strain clustered with A. alternate (Fig. S2). The pathogenicity of HJ-A1 was tested according to Koch's postulates by inoculating HJ-A1 conidia suspension (2×105 conidia/mL) into leaves of 1-year-old P. kingianum, with sterile water as a control. Each treatment group included 3 plants with 3 replicates. The tested plants were planted in a phytotron at 28℃ and 90% humidity. Three days after inoculation, symptoms similar to those under natural conditions were observed in the HJ-A1-inoculated plants, whereas no symptoms were observed in the control plants (Fig. S1). The same fungal strains were re-isolated from inoculated leaves and identified by morphologically and sequence of ITS. Previous studies showed that Alternaria alternata funji cause many plant diseases, such as fig fruit rot (Latinovic N et al. 2014)，daylily leaf spot (Huang D et al. 2022), fruit blight on sesame (Cheng H et al. 2021)，leaf spot of Cynanchum atratum Bunge (Sun H et al. 2021) and so on. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing P. kingianum leaf spot in China. The discovery of this pathogen will help to guide the protection and control of P. kingianum disease.

Oridonin loaded peptide nanovesicles alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

This study was to construct a nanovesicle delivery system to improve the loading efficiency and stability of ORI for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This nanovesicles (NVs) exerted a narrow size distribution (195.6 ± 11.49 nm) and high entrapment efficiency (84.46 ± 1.34%). In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the NVs treatment enhanced the cellular uptake of ORI and reduced lipid over-accumulation and total cholesterol levels in NAFLD cell model. At the same time, in vivo study proved that, compared with the normal group, the model group mice showed a decrease in body weight, a significant increase in liver index (6.71 ± 0.62, p < 0.01), and symptoms of liver lipid accumulation, lipid vesicles, and liver tissue fibrosis. Compared with the model group, after high-dose ORI NVs intervention, mice gained weight, decreased liver index (4.69 ± 0.55, p < 0.01), reduced hepatic lipid droplet vacuoles, reduced lipid accumulation (reduced oil red area, p < 0.001), and alleviated the degree of liver fibrosis (reduced blue collagen area, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ORI/HP-ß-CD/H9-HePC NVs showed specific liver accumulation and improved therapeutic effects, the nano drug loading system provides a promising strategy for the encapsulation of ORI to effectively alleviate the process of NAFLD.

Neonatal X-linked myotubular myopathy with a de novo mutation: A case report and literature review. / æ–°å‘çªå˜åŸºå› çš„æ–°ç”Ÿå„¿X-è¿žé”è‚Œå°ç®¡è‚Œç— 1例并文献回顾.

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare congenital myopathy. In February 2021, a male neonate was admitted to the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, with clinical manifestations of hypotonia, accompanied by distinctive facial features, and requiring continuous ventilatory support. He was born prematurely at 36+2 weeks gestation and developed respiratory distress postnatally, followed by difficulty in weaning from mechanical ventilation. Additional clinical features included hypotonia of the limbs, swallowing dysfunction, and specific facial characteristics (elongated limbs, narrow face, high-arched palate, wrist drop, empty scrotum, elongated fingers/toes). Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of XLMTM. Whole-exome sequencing analysis of the family revealed no mutations in the father, paternal grandfather, or paternal grandmother, while the mother had a heterozygous mutation. The pathogenic mutation was identified as MTM1 gene (OMIM: 300415), chromosome position chrX-150649714, with a nucleotide change of c.868-2A>C. The patient exhibited typical facial features. Genetic testing is crucial for accurate diagnosis of XLMTM in infants presenting with abnormal muscle tone and distinctive facial features.

Efficient and Selective Construction of 41 2 Metalla-links Using Weak C-H⋠⋠⋠Halogen Interactions.

Through a coordination-driven self-assembly method, four 4 1 2 ${4_1^2 }$ metalla-links and one tetranuclear monocycle were constructed with high selectivity and yield by adjusting the substituent species of the building blocks, as evidenced using X-ray crystallographic analysis, electrospray ionization-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS), elemental analysis and detailed solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Based on X-ray crystallographic analysis and independent gradient model analysis, a significant factor leading to the formation of 4 1 2 ${4_1^2 }$ metalla-links was the introduction of F, Cl, Br and I atoms, which generated additional weak C-H⋅⋅⋅X (X=F, Cl, Br and I) interactions. Furthermore, the dynamic conversion of 4 1 2 ${4_1^2 }$ metalla-links to monocyclic rings in methanol solution was systematically investigated using quantitative 1H NMR techniques.

Learning curve of robotic-assisted splenic vessel-preserving spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy by one single surgeon: a retrospective cohort study.

AIM: Splenic vessel-preserving spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SVP-SPDP) has a lower risk of splenic infarction than the splenicvessel-sacrificing SPDP, but it is more technically demanding. Learning curve of robotic-assisted SVP-SPDP (RSVP-SPDP) remains unreported. This study sought to analyze the perioperative outcomes and learning curve of RSVP-SPDP by one single surgeon. METHODS: Seventy-four patients who were intended to receive RSVP-SPDP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between May 2015 and January 2023 were included. The learning curve were retrospectively analyzed by using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analyses. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients underwent RSVP-SPDP (spleen preservation rate: 83.8%). According to CUSUM curve, the operation time (median, 318 vs. 220 min; P < 0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (median, 50 vs. 50 mL; P = 0.012) was improved significantly after 16 cases. Blood transfusion rate (12.5% vs. 3.4%; P = 0.202), postoperative major morbidity rate (6.3% vs. 3.4%; P = 0.524), and postoperative length-of-stay (median, 10 vs. 8 days; P = 0.120) improved after 16 cases but did not reach statistical difference. None of the patients had splenic infarction or abscess postoperatively. CONCLUSION: RSVP-SPDP was a safe and feasible approach for selected patients after learning curve. The improvement of operation time and intraoperative blood loss was achieved after 16 cases.

Multimodal imaging shows acute multilayered retinal hemorrhages in heatstroke-a rare case report.

Background: Heatstroke is a life-threatening disease clinically characterized by central nervous system dysfunction, multiorgan failure, and extreme hyperthermia. There are no reports about eye involvement in heat stroke. Here, we report a rare case of multilayered retinal hemorrhages in a patient with heatstroke. Case presentation: A 55-year-old male with a one-month history of blurry vision in both eyes presented at our department after suffering from heatstroke. His visual acuity was 5/20 OD and 10/20 OS. Fundus examination revealed retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. Fundus autofluorescence images and near-infrared reflectance images revealed well-defined retinal lesions. Optical coherence tomography helped to accurately locate the different layers of the lesions, including the nerve fiber layer, sub-inner limiting membrane, outer plexiform layer, ellipsoid zone and Henle fiber layer hemorrhages. We followed up with the patient for 8 months. At the last follow-up, his visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes, and fundus examination showed that retinal hemorrhages were almost completely absorbed. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report on multilayered retinal hemorrhages secondary to heat stroke. Intraretinal and preretinal hemorrhages can gradually resolve, and the patient's vision will improve with the absorption of the retinal hemorrhages. Multimodal imaging may help to reveal additional details about retinal lesions and monitor the course of the disease.