[Prognostic value of the Charlson index in mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism associated with cancer versus non-tumour pulmonary embolism]. / Valor pronóstico del índice de Charlson en la mortalidad en pacientes con embolia pulmonar asociada a cáncer frente a embolia pulmonar no tumoral.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to analyse comorbidity, survival, and mortality from pulmonary embolism (PE) in people with cancer and without cancer. And to determine whether the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts mortality in the short and long term in this population. METHODS: A retrospective observational study on survival in patients hospitalized in the Hospital Central de la Defensa from 1-01-2009 to 15-03-2018, stratifying into tumour PE group (EPT) and non-tumour PE group (EPnT), all of whom were classified according to age adjusted CCI. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients were diagnosed with PE, 108 with associated cancer. The mean CCI in the EPT group was 7.2 and 4.5 in the EPnT group. Patients with PE and CCI>5 were 10.7 times more likely to die (95%CI 1.5-77.6) compared to CCI 0 (P=.019). The CCI of patients with EPT was 2.6 points higher (95%CI 1.9-33) than EPnT patients (P<.001). Cancer patients were 1.9 times more likely to die (95%CI 1.23-2.8) and had higher mortality at 30 days and at one year after the event, with a median survival of 8.98 years and 3.4 years, respectively (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The CCI in EPT is an independent risk factor related to mortality. The CCI can predict higher mortality in the short and long term in patients with PE.

Desregulación del tono vascular pulmonar y microtrombosis en COVID-19 / Pulmonary Vascular Tone Dysregulation and Microthrombosis in COVID-19

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[Translated article] Pulmonary Vascular Tone Dysregulation and Microthrombosis in COVID-19 / Desregulación del tono vascular pulmonar y microtrombosis en COVID-19

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Embolia pulmonar de pegamento biológico N-2-butil Cianocrilato-Lipiodol® después del tratamiento de varices pélvicas / N-2-Butyl cyanocrylate-lipiodol® Biological Glue Pulmonary Embolism after Treatment of Pelvic Varicose Veins

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[Translated article] N-2-Butyl Cyanocrylate-Lipiodol® Biological Glue Pulmonary Embolism After Treatment of Pelvic Varicose Veins / Embolia pulmonar de pegamento biológico N-2-butil cianocrilato-lipiodol® después del tratamiento de varices pélvicas

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Vasculitis (pANCA) asociada con hemorragia alveolar y afectación renal y enfermedad relacionada con IgG4: un nuevo síndrome de solapamiento / ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Presenting With Alveolar Hemorrhage and Renal Involvement and IgG4-Related Disease: A New Overlap Syndrome

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[Translated article] ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Presenting With Alveolar Hemorrhage and Renal Involvement and IgG4-Related Disease: A New Overlap Syndrome / Vasculitis (pANCA) asociada con hemorragia alveolar y afectación renal y enfermedad relacionada con IgG4: un nuevo síndrome de solapamiento

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Study of 5 Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. / Estudio de 5 compuestos orgánicos volátiles en aire exhalado en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.

INTRODUCTION: A major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is tobacco smoke, which generates oxidative stress in airways, resulting in the production of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The purpose of this study was to identify VOCs in exhaled breath and to determine their possible use as disease biomarkers. METHOD: Exhaled breath from 100 healthy volunteers, divided into 3groups (never smokers, former smokers and active smokers) and exhaled breath from 57 COPD patients were analyzed. Samples were collected using BioVOC® devices and transferred to universal desorption tubes. Compounds were analyzed by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. VOCs analyzed were linear aldehydesand carboxylic acids. RESULTS: The COPD group and healthy controls (never smokers and former smokers) showed statistically significant differences in hexanal concentrations, and never smokers and the COPD group showed statistically significant differences in nonanal concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Hexanal discriminates between COPD patients and healthy non-smoking controls. Nonanal discriminates between smokers and former smokers (with and without COPD) and never smokers.

Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath in a healthy population: effect of tobacco smoking.

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoke is a source of free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are the main causes of oxidative stress. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in exhaled breath is an indirect method of measuring the level of oxidative stress that occurs in the airways caused by tobacco consumption. The aim of this study was to determine whether smoking influences the production of VOC, in a clinically healthy population. METHODS: Exhaled breath from 89 healthy volunteers, divided into three groups (non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers) was analysed. Samples were collected using Bio-VOC® devices and transferred to universal desorption tubes. Chemical compounds were analysed by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. We analysed hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, nonanoic acid and propanoic acid, all identified by retention time and mass spectra referenced in the NIST 08 mass spectral library; confirmation was carried out using reference standards of the pure chemical compound. RESULTS: These VOC were found in very low concentrations. Only nonanal showed significant quantitative and qualitative statistical differences among the study groups. Nonanal concentration is dependent on smoking, but is independent of the amount of tobacco consumed, age and gender. CONCLUSIONS: Nonanal in exhaled breath is associated with tobacco consumption, current or previous. Nonanal is a sub-product of the destruction of the cell membrane, and its finding may be indicative of cell damage in smokers. This result appears in many farmers who smoke.

Valor pronóstico del índice de Charlson en la mortalidad en pacientes con embolia pulmonar asociada a cáncer frente a embolia pulmonar no tumoral / Prognostic value of the Charlson index in mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism associated with cancer versus non-tumour pulmonary embolism

Introducción:El objetivo del estudio es analizar la comorbilidad, la supervivencia y la mortalidad por embolia pulmonar (EP) en población con cáncer y sin cáncer. Asimismo, el estudio trata de determinar si el índice de Charlson (ICh) predice la mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en esta población.Métodos:Estudio observacional retrospectivo de supervivencia en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Central de la Defensa diagnosticados de EP desde el 1-01-2009 al 15-03-2018, estratificándose en grupo EP tumoral (EPT) y grupo EP no tumoral (EPnT), siendo todos ellos clasificados según el ICh ajustado por edad.Resultados:Un total de 368 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de EP, 108 con cáncer. La media de ICh en el grupo EPT fue de 7,2, y de 4,5 en el grupo EPnT. Los pacientes con EP y un ICh>5 presentaron 10,7 veces más riesgo de muerte (IC 95% 1,5-77,6) que los que tienen un ICh de 0 (p=0,019). Los pacientes con EPT tuvieron 2,6 puntos más de ICh (IC 95% 1,9-33) que los no tumorales (p<0,001). Los pacientes con cáncer presentaron 1,9 veces más riesgo de muerte (IC 95% 1,23-2,8) y una mayor mortalidad a 30 días y al año del episodio, con una mediana de supervivencia de 8,98 y 3,4 años, respectivamente (p<0,001).Conclusiones:El ICh en la EPT es un factor de riesgo independiente relacionado con la mortalidad. El ICh predice una mayor mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en pacientes con EP.(AU)

Introduction:The aim of this study is to analyse comorbidity, survival, and mortality from pulmonary embolism (PE) in people with cancer and without cancer. And to determine whether the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts mortality in the short and long term in this population.Methods:A retrospective observational study on survival in patients hospitalized in the Hospital Central de la Defensa from 1-01-2009 to 15-03-2018, stratifying into tumour PE group (EPT) and non-tumour PE group (EPnT), all of whom were classified according to age adjusted CCI.Results:A total of 368 patients were diagnosed with PE, 108 with associated cancer. The mean CCI in the EPT group was 7.2 and 4.5 in the EPnT group. Patients with PE and CCI>5 were 10.7 times more likely to die (95%CI 1.5-77.6) compared to CCI 0 (P=.019). The CCI of patients with EPT was 2.6 points higher (95%CI 1.9-33) than EPnT patients (P<.001). Cancer patients were 1.9 times more likely to die (95%CI 1.23-2.8) and had higher mortality at 30 days and at one year after the event, with a median survival of 8.98 years and 3.4 years, respectively (P<.001).Conclusions:The CCI in EPT is an independent risk factor related to mortality. The CCI can predict higher mortality in the short and long term in patients with PE. (AU)

Estudio de 5 compuestos orgánicos volátiles en aire exhalado en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Study of 5 Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introducción: Un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es el humo del tabaco, que genera estrés oxidativo en las vías respiratorias, dando lugar a la producción de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOC). El objetivo del trabajo es su identificación en el aire exhalado y su posible utilidad como biomarcadores de la enfermedad. Método: Se analizó el aire exhalado de 100 voluntarios sanos, clasificados en 3 grupos (no fumadores, exfumadores y fumadores activos) y un grupo de 57 pacientes con EPOC. La muestra de aire exhalado se recogió mediante BioVOC® y se traspasó a tubos de desorción para su posterior análisis por cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas. Los VOC analizados fueron aldehídos lineales y ácidos carboxílicos. Resultados: Hexanal mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo EPOC y los controles sanos (no fumadores y exfumadores), y nonanal entre el grupo control no fumador y el grupo EPOC. Conclusiones: Hexanal discrimina entre pacientes con EPOC y controles sanos no fumadores y exfumadores. Nonanal diferencia entre fumadores y exfumadores (con o sin EPOC) frente a controles no fumadores

Introduction: A major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is tobacco smoke, which generates oxidative stress in airways, resulting in the production of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The purpose of this study was to identify VOCs in exhaled breath and to determine their possible use as disease biomarkers. Method: Exhaled breath from 100 healthy volunteers, divided into 3 groups (never smokers, former smokers and active smokers) and exhaled breath from 57 COPD patients were analyzed. Samples were collected using BioVOC® devices and transferred to universal desorption tubes. Compounds were analyzed by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. VOCs analyzed were linear aldehydesand carboxylic acids. Results: The COPD group and healthy controls (never smokers and former smokers) showed statistically significant differences in hexanal concentrations, and never smokers and the COPD group showed statistically significant differences in nonanal concentrations. Conclusions: Hexanal discriminates between COPD patients and healthy non-smoking controls. Nonanal discriminates between smokers and former smokers (with and without COPD) and never smokers

Estudio de compuestos orgánicos volátiles en aire exhalado en una población clínicamente sana: efecto del tabaquismo / Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in a Healthy Population: Effect of Tobacco Smoking

Introducción: El humo del tabaco es una fuente de radicales libres y especies reactivas de oxígeno y de nitrógeno, principales causantes de estrés oxidativo. El análisis de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOC) en aire exhalado es un método indirecto de medir el nivel de estrés oxidativo que se produce en las vías aéreas. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la influencia del tabaco en la producción de VOC en una población clínicamente sana. Métodos: Se analizó el aire exhalado de 89 voluntarios sanos, clasificados en 3 grupos: no fumadores, exfumadores y fumadores activos. La muestra de aire exhalado se recogió mediante Bio-VOC®, y se traspasó a tubos de desorción. La técnica analítica utilizada fue: desorción térmica, cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas. Los VOC analizados fueron hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, ácido propanoico y ácido nonanoico, cuya identificación se realizó mediante su tiempo de retención y espectro de masas referenciado en la biblioteca NIST 08, confirmándolo mediante el uso de estándares cromatográficos. Resultados: La mayoría de los VOC analizados se encuentran a concentraciones muy bajas. Únicamente el nonanal muestra diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de estudio, depende exclusivamente del hábito de fumar, y es independiente de la cantidad de tabaco consumido, edad y género. Conclusiones: El hallazgo de nonanal se asocia al consumo de tabaco, actual o previo. Al ser un producto secundario de la destrucción de la membrana celular, su hallazgo probablemente muestra daño celular en personas fumadoras y permanece una vez cesado el hábito (AU)

Introduction: Tobacco smoke is a source of free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are the main causes of oxidative stress. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in exhaled breath is an indirect method of measuring the level of oxidative stress that occurs in the airways caused by tobacco consumption. The aim of this study was to determine whether smoking influences the production of VOC, in a clinically healthy population. Methods: Exhaled breath from 89 healthy volunteers, divided into three groups (non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers), was analyzed. Samples were collected using Bio-VOC® devices and transferred to universal desorption tubes. Chemical compounds were analyzed by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. We analyzed hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, nonanoic acid and propanoic acid, and all were identified by retention time and mass spectra referenced in the NIST 08 mass spectral library; confirmation was carried out using reference standards of the pure chemical compound. Results: These VOC were found in very low concentrations. Only nonanal showed significant quantitative and qualitative statistical differences among the study groups. Nonanal concentration is dependent on smoking, but is independent of the amount of tobacco consumed, age and gender. Conclusions: Nonanal in exhaled breath is associated with tobacco consumption, current or previous. Nonanal is a sub-product of the destruction of the cell membrane, and its finding may be indicative of cell damage in smokers. This result appears in many farmers who smoke (AU)