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1.
J Infect Dis ; 221(Suppl 3): S308-S318, 2020 03 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31711190

RESUMO

Next-generation sequencing technologies, exponential increases in the availability of virus genomic data, and ongoing advances in phylogenomic methods have made genomic epidemiology an increasingly powerful tool for public health response to a range of mosquito-borne virus outbreaks. In this review, we offer a brief primer on the scope and methods of phylogenomic analyses that can answer key epidemiological questions during mosquito-borne virus public health emergencies. We then focus on case examples of outbreaks, including those caused by dengue, Zika, yellow fever, West Nile, and chikungunya viruses, to demonstrate the utility of genomic epidemiology to support the prevention and control of mosquito-borne virus threats. We extend these case studies with operational perspectives on how to best incorporate genomic epidemiology into structured surveillance and response programs for mosquito-borne virus control. Many tools for genomic epidemiology already exist, but so do technical and nontechnical challenges to advancing their use. Frameworks to support the rapid sharing of multidimensional data and increased cross-sector partnerships, networks, and collaborations can support advancement on all scales, from research and development to implementation by public health agencies.


Assuntos
Culicidae/virologia , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Genômica , Controle de Mosquitos , Saúde Pública , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/prevenção & controle , Animais , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/prevenção & controle , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Dengue/virologia , Humanos , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/virologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/prevenção & controle , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/virologia , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/prevenção & controle , Febre Amarela/virologia , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controle , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia
2.
Acute Med ; 18(4): 239-246, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31912055

RESUMO

POCUS (Point of Care Ultrasound) refers to ultrasound performed by clinicians as part of their initial patient evaluation, often with the aim of answering a specific question as opposed to being a comprehensive assessment. Such ultrasound is noninvasive, involves no radiation and can be rapidly performed at the bedside. It is also widely practiced in emergency and intensive care medicine leading to earlier and more accurate diagnoses for a wide range of presentations such as shock, renal failure and dyspnoea.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Pulmão , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia
3.
J Hum Nutr Diet ; 30(5): 545-553, 2017 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28419586

RESUMO

People experiencing a severe mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar affective disorder or depression with psychotic features, have a 20-year mortality gap compared to the general population. This 'scandal of premature mortality' is primarily driven by preventable cardiometabolic disease, and recent research suggests that the mortality gap is widening. Multidisciplinary mental health teams often include psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, specialist mental health nurses, social workers and occupational therapists, offering a range of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments to enhance the recovery of clients who have experienced, or are experiencing a SMI. Until recently, lifestyle and life skills interventions targeting the poor physical health experienced by people living with SMI have not been offered in most routine clinical settings. Furthermore, there are calls to include dietary intervention as mainstream in psychiatry to enhance mental health recovery. With the integration of dietitians being a relatively new approach, it is important to review and assess the literature to inform practice. This review assesses the dietary challenges experienced by people with a SMI and discusses potential strategies for improving mental and physical health.


Assuntos
Dieta , Estilo de Vida , Transtornos Mentais , Nutricionistas , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Interações Alimento-Droga , Humanos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/etiologia , Recomendações Nutricionais
4.
Emerg Med J ; 26(2): 82-6, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19164613

RESUMO

Point-of-care echocardiography using portable machines is an exciting development in emergency medicine. Recent improvements in ultrasound quality mean that emergency physicians are finding echocardiography useful in a variety of clinical settings. Evidence suggests that emergency physicians are able to master the skills of basic echocardiography sufficiently to improve patient care in the resuscitation scenario. Patients with clinical conditions such as breathlessness, undifferentiated shock, chest pain and cardiac arrest may benefit. There is a steep learning curve involved in acquiring these skills and the specialty needs to take care in the way that its practitioners are accredited and perform echocardiography.


Assuntos
Ecocardiografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Dispneia/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia/instrumentação , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Medicina de Emergência/educação , Parada Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar/educação , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico por imagem , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Choque/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico por imagem
5.
Infect Genet Evol ; 62: 279-295, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29704626

RESUMO

Dengue virus (DENV) causes a profound burden of morbidity and mortality, and its global burden is rising due to the co-circulation of four divergent DENV serotypes in the ecological context of globalization, travel, climate change, urbanization, and expansion of the geographic range of the Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus vectors. Understanding DENV evolution offers valuable opportunities to enhance surveillance and response to DENV epidemics via advances in RNA virus sequencing, bioinformatics, phylogenetic and other computational biology methods. Here we provide a scoping overview of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of DENV and the range of ways that evolutionary analyses can be applied as a public health tool against this arboviral pathogen.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/virologia , Epidemias , Humanos , Vigilância da População
6.
Int J Infect Dis ; 42: 24-27, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26571303

RESUMO

There is an increasing role for bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis in tropical medicine research. However, scientists working in low- and middle-income regions may lack access to training opportunities in these methods. To help address this gap, a 5-day intensive bioinformatics workshop was offered in Lima, Peru. The syllabus is presented here for others who want to develop similar programs. To assess knowledge gained, a 20-point knowledge questionnaire was administered to participants (21 participants) before and after the workshop, covering topics on sequence quality control, alignment/formatting, database retrieval, models of evolution, sequence statistics, tree building, and results interpretation. Evolution/tree-building methods represented the lowest scoring domain at baseline and after the workshop. There was a considerable median gain in total knowledge scores (increase of 30%, p<0.001) with gains as high as 55%. A 5-day workshop model was effective in improving the pathogen-applied bioinformatics knowledge of scientists working in a middle-income country setting.


Assuntos
Biologia Computacional , Filogenia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Renda , Peru , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Genome Announc ; 4(3)2016 May 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27174274

RESUMO

Here, we present the complete genome sequences of two Zika virus (ZIKV) strains, Zika virus/Homo sapiens-tc/THA/2014/SV0127-14 and Zika virus/H. sapiens-tc/PHL/2012/CPC-0740, isolated from the blood of patients collected in Thailand, 2014, and the Philippines, 2012, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that both strains belong to the Asian lineage.

8.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 79(6): 881-7, 1997 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9199386

RESUMO

A reconstructive osteotomy was performed to correct symptomatic malposition after arthrodesis of the shoulder in nine of fourteen patients who had complications related to the arthrodesis. The clinical position of the arm in relation to the trunk was determined with the method described by Rowe. Malposition was primarily the result of fusion in more than 15 degrees of either flexion or abduction, or both, coupled with improper rotation, defined as rotation of less than 40 degrees or more than 60 degrees. Reconstructive osteotomy eliminated pain and improved the ability of the patient to perform six activities of daily living. The complications necessitating operative treatment after the arthrodesis in the remaining five patients included failure of the arthrodesis site to unite (three patients), a wound hematoma at the iliac-crest donor site (one patient), and a superficial wound infection (one patient). Two additional complications - a fracture through a screw-hole in the humerus and a fracture distal to the internal fixation device - occurred after the reconstructive osteotomies for malposition. All of the complications resolved with treatment. Arthrodesis of the shoulder is a technically demanding procedure that can lead to serious complications that necessitate operative intervention. Careful attention to operative technique and to the position of the arthrodesis are essential.


Assuntos
Artrodese/efeitos adversos , Articulação do Ombro/cirurgia , Atividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Idoso , Parafusos Ósseos/efeitos adversos , Transplante Ósseo/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hematoma/etiologia , Humanos , Fraturas do Úmero/etiologia , Ílio/cirurgia , Fixadores Internos/efeitos adversos , Artropatias/etiologia , Artropatias/patologia , Artropatias/cirurgia , Masculino , Osteotomia , Dor/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rotação , Articulação do Ombro/patologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Tórax/patologia
9.
J Genet Psychol ; 134(1st Half): 23-32, 1979 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-438779

RESUMO

Performance in the Mueller-Lyer Illusion was analyzed for whole and partial presentations of the figure. S s were 120 third grade boys and girls. Four experimental groups were formed with the use of the human abilities model of simultaneous and successive syntheses, and the two types of presentation were given to each group. Results indicated that illusory effects in both presentations of the figure were significantly reduced by ability in simultaneous synthesis. Performance in the two presentations was also affected by successive ability, but these effects were in opposite directions for the two forms of presentation. The results did not support Piaget's theory of perceptual development, although they were consistent with the theory of simultaneous and successive syntheses. Suggestions are made for the design of future research.


Assuntos
Cognição , Ilusões , Ilusões Ópticas , Aptidão , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Psicológicos , Percepção de Tamanho
10.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr ; 121(2): 153-210, 1995 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7622021

RESUMO

During the past several decades, research in both cognitive psychology and neuropsychology has become increasingly concerned with the processes that monitor and control human cognition. In the area of cognitive psychology, this research has focused on metacognition or metacognitive processes, and in the area of neuropsychology, it has focused on frontal lobe processes. It is evident that both areas have been referring to very similar concepts, with some variations, but with notably little acknowledgement of each other. The principal purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the main research within each of these areas and to examine the continuities and discontinuities in the theoretical premises and empirical results between the two areas. Results indicated that the two areas are remarkably similar in both theoretical premises and empirical results, but that cognitive psychology emphasizes monitoring and control, whereas neuropsychology tends to emphasize control only. A synthesis that unites the work in cognitive psychology and neuropsychology would supply many new directions for research.


Assuntos
Cognição/fisiologia , Lobo Frontal/fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Neuropsicologia/tendências , Atenção/fisiologia , Humanos , Resolução de Problemas/fisiologia , Pesquisa
11.
Zoonoses Public Health ; 60(8): 555-62, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23280251

RESUMO

A cross-sectional study of the association between occupational pig exposure and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in adult pig farmers and the general population who were not directly exposed to pigs was conducted in Nan Province, Thailand, from November 2010 to April 2011. All participants were interviewed to provide information on their job history, eating habits and other potential confounders. The prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies (IgG) among 513 subjects was 23.0%. Hand washing with water and soap was associated with a lower seroprevalence of HEV infection, whereas living in an area with frequent flooding (OR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.00-2.68) and consuming internal pig organs more than twice per week (OR 3.23, 95%CI: 1.15-9.01) were both associated with a higher seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG. There was no association between HEV seroprevalence and frequent, direct occupational pig contact.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Exposição Ocupacional , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Tailândia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
17.
Clin Vaccine Immunol ; 16(5): 749-55, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19321694

RESUMO

An epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-ELISA) was evaluated for the diagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) infections in humans. Sera from patients diagnosed with WNV infections from an outbreak in 2003 in Colorado and from patients diagnosed with dengue virus infections from Mexico and Thailand were tested with the b-ELISA. The b-ELISAs were performed using the WNV-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3.1112G and the flavivirus-specific MAb 6B6C-1. Although the WNV-specific b-ELISA was effective in diagnosing WNV infections in humans from Colorado, it was not efficacious for diagnosing WNV infections in serum specimens from Mexico and Thailand. In serum specimens from patients from Colorado, the WNV b-ELISA and the WNV plaque reduction neutralization test showed an overall agreement of 91%. The sensitivity and specificity of the WNV b-ELISA were 89% and 92%, respectively, with a false-positive rate of 5%, based on receiver operating characteristic analysis. In contrast, false-positive rate results in specimens from the countries of Mexico and Thailand, where flaviviruses are endemic, were 79% and 80%, presumably due to the presence of antibodies resulting from previous dengue virus infections in Mexico and/or Japanese encephalitis virus infections or vaccination in Thailand. Thus, in regions where people have experienced previous or multiple flavivirus infections, the use of the b-ELISA for WNV diagnosis is contraindicated.


Assuntos
Febre do Nilo Ocidental/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Adulto Jovem
18.
Child Dev ; 50(2): 575-7, 1979 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-487892

RESUMO

Techniques of presenting information temporally in the auditory and visual modalities and spatially in the visual modality were used to assess information processing in 7- and 9-year-old children. The results of the study were interpreted as contradictory to the view that modalities are specialized for the processing of distinct forms of information. Viewed developmentally with related literature, however, the study also suggests that some specialization of modalities may be found in the preschool years, with a school-age shift to nonspecialization.


Assuntos
Percepção Auditiva , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Percepção Espacial , Percepção do Tempo , Percepção Visual , Estimulação Acústica , Criança , Aprendizagem por Discriminação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Estimulação Luminosa
19.
Am J Ment Defic ; 82(4): 344-8, 1978 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-623153

RESUMO

A previous study of patterns of cognitive abilities in mentally retarded and nonretarded children was reexamined for the retarded group. Sixty-seven EMR children were given a set of cognitive tasks shown in previous research to measure simultaneous and successive synthesis. The data were factor analyzed and revealed a pattern of cognitive processes similar to patterns found for nonretarded children in other research. The results were discussed in terms of implications for research on strategic behavior in mentally retarded children.


Assuntos
Cognição , Deficiência Intelectual/psicologia , Criança , Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Inteligência , Masculino
20.
J Clin Psychol ; 36(2): 458-64, 1980 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7372814

RESUMO

Investigated with two spatial and language tasks Blau's (1977a) theory that clockwise directionality in circle drawing indicates neural integration difficulties. The tasks were administered to 106 children of approximately 8 years of age, and the data were analyzed for sex differences and circling behavior. None of the hypotheses based on Blau's theory was supported, and some significant results in the opposite direction to predictions were found. Aspects of the results that may be of potential future research interest are identified.


Assuntos
Cognição , Destreza Motora , Percepção Espacial , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Percepção de Forma , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Psicológicos , Fatores Sexuais
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