[Characteristics of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and the formation of cor pulmonale in the basic forms of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. / Osobennosti patogeneza legochnoi gipertenzii i formirovanie legochnogo serdtsa pri osnovnykh formakh khronicheskikh nespetsificheskikh zabolevanii legkikh.

A group of 206 patients with the main forms of chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs (chronic bronchitis, chronic pneumonia, and bronchiectasis--local and diffuse) was studied. The condition of pulmonary ventilation, bronchial patency, and hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation were analysed. Comparison of the data obtained in different groups of patients made it possible to determine the main peculiarities of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and formation of cor pulmonale.

[Treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal bronchitis using bacterial polysaccharides as a way to correct secondary immunologic deficiency]. / Lechenie bol'nykh khronicheskim kataral'nym bronkhitom bakterial'nymi lipopolisakharidami kak put' korrektsii vtorichnoi immunologicheskoi nedostatochnosti.

In mild exacerbation of chronic catarrhal bronchitis secondary immune deficiency manifests itself in a reduced level of the main classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and lowered function of neutrophilic leukocytes. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (prodigiozan, pyrogenal) are recommended for the correction of the above disorders.

[The organization of a pulmonology office in a polyclinic]. / Organizatsiia pul'monologicheskogo kabineta v poliklinike.

The authors review the principles of the organization of the management of pulmonologic patients at the ambulatory stage. Describe the structure of the pulmonologic room, its functions and personnel. Based on the experience gained in the work of the pulmonologic rooms within the system of the All-Union Institute of Pulmonology, USSR Ministry of Health, give an account of the efficient organization of the work of the physician, the scope of diagnostic and treatment measures performed at the room. Describe the principles of the follow-up of patients afflicted with respiratory diseases. Give a critical review of the current standardized documents on pulmonology. Provide a schedule for the patients' diagnosis and treatment.

[Assessment of mucociliary clearance using the radioaerosol method in chronic lung diseases]. / Otsenka mukotsiliarnogo klirensa radioaérozol'nym metodom pri khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

The radioaerosol technique with the use of radioalbumin from the TSK-5 kit and of an ultrasonic inhaler makes it possible to determine primarily the mucociliary clearance of the central parts of the tracheobronchial tree. In patients without any pathology of the respiratory organs, the clearance of the inhaled radiopharmaceutical constitutes 45.5 +/- 9.5 percent for an hour. In patients with pulmonary pathology, the characteristics of the mucociliary clearance vary from dramatically decreased to normal ones depending on the disease pattern, exacerbation phase or remission.

[A functional-morphological study of the mucociliary system at stages in the disease in patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Funktsional'no-morfologicheskoe issledovanie mukotsiliarnoi sistemy na étapakh bolezni u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

Combined morpho-functional study of the mucociliary system in patients with chronic bronchitis at different stages of its development was made. Regional mucociliary clearance was evaluated by dynamic aerosol scintigraphy and electron microscopy. Radiography of bronchial biopsies was performed, rheological properties of bronchial content were also determined. Special characteristics of mucociliary main chains were established at each stage of chronic bronchitis development as well as depending on the type of bronchitis, bronchial tree level and phase of the disease. New hypothesis on chronic obstructive bronchitis genesis was substantiated.

[Characteristics of the course of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (2)]. / Osobennosti techeniia legochnoi gipertenzii u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom (soobshchenie 2-e).

The state of pulmonary circulation in patients with chronic bronchitis depends on the presence of obstruction, its progression, development of pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and its decompensation. The authors recommend to administer nitrates of prolonged action to such patients.

[Prognostication of obstructive syndrome in patients with chronic bronchitis considering hereditary factors]. / Prognozirovanie razvitiia obstruktivnogo sindroma u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom s uchetom nasledstvennykh faktorov.

AIM: To propose method of accurate prediction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at early stages of development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 92 males with COPD and 55 males with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis aged 38 to 72 years were examined according to a technique which identifies hereditary predisposition to multifactor diseases and using an algorithm based on multivariate analysis. RESULTS: An original mathematical model is proposed which can quantitatively examine and range by influence the role of environmental and hereditary factors in development of COPD. CONCLUSION: Detection of hereditary predisposition to COPD may be one of the objective criteria to recommend giving up smoking and for occupational orientation.

[Rehabilitation treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis with initial manifestations of obstruction at a specialized department]. / Vosstanovite'lnoe lechenie bo'lnykh khronicheskim bronkhitom s nacha'lnymi proiavleniiami obstruktsii v spetsializirovannom otdelenii.

Treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis with initial manifestations of obstruction maintains occupational fitness in all patients and decreases twice as much temporary invalidity, as compared to the control group of patients to whom rehabilitation measures were not applied.

[Post-tuberculous fibrous mediastinitis: a report of a case followed-up for many years]. / Posttuberkuleznyi fibroziruiushchii mediastinit (analiz mnogoletnego nabliudeniia).

The paper reports a rare case of fibrosing mediastinitis of posttuberculous genesis caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Such cases are not available in the literature so far. The patient was observed from 1956 to 2001. Bovine tubercle bacilla affect mediastinal lymph nodes which undergo fibrosis resulting in stenosis of the trachea, major bronchi, esophagus. Narrowing of the chest duct leads to formation of severe recurrent transudate in the left pleural cavity (for 3 years 70 pleural punctures were made with removal of a total of 22 l of fluid).

[Stage I-III pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by nephrogenic (vasopressin-resistant) form of diabetes insipidus]. / Sarkoidoz lëgkikh III stadii, oslozhnennyi nefrogennoi (vazopressin-rezistentnoi) formoi nesakharnogo diabeta.

Literature data and original experience of the authors with 6890 cases of respiratory sarcoidosis (stage I-III) suggest that diabetes ipsipidus in respiratory sarcoidosis (RS) can present as hypothalamic-hypophysial form (observed at the stage I-II by physicians since 1935) and a new form--nephrogenic (vasopressin-resistant) at stage II of pulmonary sarcoidosis. The latter form is little known. It was found that in stage III sarcoidosis patients who have severe fibrosis of the lungs and a long history of corticosteroid hormone treatment the nephrogenic form of the pathogenesis is caused by defects in calcium metabolism leading to nephrocalcinosis with low sensitivity of renal tubular receptors to ADH. Adiurecrine treatment is unefficient. It is recommended to use chlorpropamide which raises sensitivity of the tubules to ADH.

[Causes of lethal outcomes in presenile and senile patients treated in pulmonological hospital]. / Prichiny letal'nykh iskhodov u lits pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta v usloviiakh pul'monologicheskogo statsionara.

Causes of lethal outcomes were analysed for 46 patients (mean age 76.76 years, 39 males, or 84.78%, and 7 females, or 15.22%) why died of respiratory diseases when treated in War Veterans Hospital of St-Petersburg. Necropsies registered the following causes of death: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (32 deaths, 69.57%), cardiovascular diseases (17 deaths, 36.96%), cancer (14 deaths, 30.44%). Lethal outcomes were most frequent at the age of 71 to 80 years (52.17%). COPD was present in 43 of 46 of the deceased (93.48%). The most frequent direct causes of lethal outcomes in elderly patients with COPD were isolated pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency and combination of this insufficiency with pneumonia which is as an aggravating factor and determines the outcome of the basic disease.