[Nonparasitic cysts of the spleen in children]. / Neparazitarnye kisty selezenki u detei.

The article generalizes the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of nonparasitic cysts of the spleen in 8 children aged from 7 to 14 years. The causes of the first visit to the doctor are discussed in detail and the clinical manifestations of this pathological conditions are analysed profoundly. The various methods of examination used in the diagnosis of this disease are evaluated. Seven patients were subjected to operative treatment--splenectomy. In one case a small cyst was recognised by ultrasonic examination, the child is kept under observation. As the result of histological study false (posttraumatic) cysts were diagnosed in 5 and true (epidermoid) cysts in 2 cases. Significant morphological changes in the residual tissue of the removed spleens brings to minimum the possibility of applying autotransplantation methods in splenectomy.

[Abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children]. / Nekhodzhkinskie limfomy abdominal'noi lokalizatsii u detei.

Study of the clinical manifestations and the results of treatment of abdominal lymphomas in 58 children showed that the poor results of therapy were due first of all to the high proportion (67.2%) of generalized forms by the time of their detection. Among the patients who were under observation, the 3-5-year survival was 41.3%. Late recognition of the disease was linked with the absence of proper oncological alertness among the physicians. Profound preventive examinations with the wide use of modern diagnostic techniques will be conducive to an early diagnosis of this pathological condition and improvement of the results of treatment.

[Hygromas of the wrist joint in children]. / Gigromy luchezapiastnogo sustava u detei.

The authors discuss their experience in the treatment of 45 children with hygromas of the wrist joint. Morphological and radiological studies confirmed the conception of the pathogenesis of hygromas which is based on that a hygroma is a transformed synovial capsule of the joint and the communication between them functions along the type of a valve. Problems of terminology and therapeutic tactics are discussed. The specific features of the operation and the results of treatment are described. The percentage of recurrences reduced from 15.4 to 7.7%.

[Surgical treatment of thyroid diseases in children]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie zabolevanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy u detei.

The results treatment of 33 children at the age between 3 and 15 with surgical pathology of thyroid gland have been estimated. They have demonstrated that malignant neoplasma (cancer) is very rare in this group of patients 15.5%. The diseases of the thyroid gland may cause some difficulties in diagnosis and choosing the method of treatment. All sizeable formations of the neck that lie medial or paramedial have to be examined with ultrasound. The removal of dystopic thyroid gland usually causes hypothyrosis. It is difficult to differentiate adenomas and cysts from malignant tumours and that is why it is necessary to do a puncture biopsy and subsequent surgery.

[Malignant kidney tumors in children]. / Zlokachestvennye opukholi pochek u detei

The authors have examined 92 children with renal tumors. The treatment for Wilms tumor should be combined: preoperative irradiation, nephrectomy, postoperative irradiation. Late results were studied in 48 patients. 16 patients (33.3%) are living without the recurrence and metastases for over two years, including 4 over 5 years.

[Surgical treatment of lymphadenopathy in children]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie limfoadenopatii u detei.

Clinical observations of 1365 children with the lymph nodes affection were summarized. The diagnosis verification was conducted using the broad arsenal of general clinical and special methods of investigation. In complicated situations the histochemical and immunogenetic methods were applied for the diagnosis. The structure and dynamics of children's morbidity with lymphadenopathies (LAP) was studied up, the age, sexual and seasonal peculiarities were systematized, the analysis of primary localizations and clinico-morphological comparisons was conducted. The basic thesises of the standardized approach were elaborated on the ground of the diagnostical and tactical mistakes results analysis.

[Lymphangiomas of the omentum in children]. / Limfangiomy sal'nika u detei.

The authors observed 40 patients with lymphangiomas, 8 cases with omentum lymphangioma included. The clinical course and treatment are described. Long-term results are good.

[Tumors as a cause of acute abdomen in children]. / Opukholi kak prichina "ostrogo zhivota" u detei.

The authors share their experience in treating children aged 1 day to 14 years with acute processes in the abdomen induced by various tumors. During 10 years 51 patients have been observed. "Acute abdomen" was induced by tumors and cysts of ovaries (16 patients), lymphangiomas, cysts and tumors of the mesentery, greater and lesser omentum, retroperitoneal cavity (14 patients), intestinal tumors (7), small pelvis tumors (6), tumors of kidneys (4), liver (3), cyst of the pancreatic gland (1). The clinical picture of the disease, possible timely diagnosing and tactics are presented. All the patients were operated urgently. After operation 44 patients recovered and were discharged from the hospital, 7 patients died.

[Polyps of the large intestine in children]. / Polipy tolstoi kishki u detei.

Polyps in the large intestine is a frequent disease in children. It is more often observed in boys than in girls aged 4 to 9. In most cases solitary polyps are observed (in 73,35%). Two-three polyps are met in 21,62% of cases. Polyposis is a rare disease--0,91%. The main symptom of polyps in children is hemorrhage from the anal orifice. The method of treatment is dependent on the amount, size, height of the situs and spread of the polyps. Dissection of polyps through the rectal speculum is used more frequently, rectoromanoscope is used in rarer cases (electroexcision and coagulation). Resection of the large intestine or colotomy and ablation of polyps can be successfully used in polyposis and high situs of polyps.

[Common biliary duct cyst in children]. / Kista obshego zhelchnoho protoka u devochek.

Eight children with the cyst of choledochus, ageing from 1 month to 15 years, were treated for the period of 20 years in clinic. Cystoduodenostomy is the method of choice for the treatment. All the patients have recovered.

[Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian tumors and cysts in children]. / Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie opukholi i kisty iaichnika u detei.

The experience of diagnosis and treatment of the ovarial tumor and cyst in 68 girls was summarized. Children were admitted to the hospital with an acute abdomen signs and in a planned order as well. All the patients were operated on. Children with benign ovarial tumor and cyst are alive. Four patients with malignancy have died.

[Surgical diseases of the stomach in children]. / Khirurgicheskie zabolevaniia u detei.

The experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of gastric diseases in 56 children was summarized. In 33 (58.93%) of the patients was revealed the gastric tumor or tumor-like formation (lymphosarcoma, polyp, cyst and duplication, carcinoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, fibromatosis, lymphangioma), including the malignant one in 15 (26.79%). For the traumatic injury of the organ 5 patients were operated on, including 2--for the gunshot wound. The gastric ulcer disease complications (perforation, bleeding) were diagnosed in 7 patients, and in additional 5 the erosive gastritis was the cause of the gastric bleeding. The gastric volvulus in 2 children, cicatricial stenosis in 3 and foreign body in 2 were diagnosed also. The timely diagnosis have promoted the treatment result improvement.

[Tumors and cystic formations in the chest cavity of children]. / Opukholi i kistoznye obrazovaniia v grudnoi polosti u detei.

During 13 years 91 children with sizable formations of the lungs and mediastinum aged from 3 months up to 15 years were treated in the clinic. The rationally selected volume of clinical examinations facilitated differential diagnosis in the preoperative period and excluded diseases simulating sizable processes (intrathoracic dystopia of the kidney, malformations of the vessels etc.). An incomplete examination of such patients might result in diagnostic errors followed by unjustified operative interventions.

[Mediastinal tumors and tumor-like formations in children]. / Mediastinal'nye opukholi i opukholepodobnye obrazovaniia u detei.

Twenty-five years experience of diagnosis and results of treatment of 143 childs aged from 10 days to 15 years with sizable mediastinal formations was summarized. Benign tumor was revealed in 50 (34.96%) childs, malignant one--in 93 (65.04%). Groups of most important symptoms were suggested: generally somatic, compressive, neurological. Principal method of diagnosis of mediastinal tumor in children--the survey roentgenography of thoracic organs in two projection. Immediate and late follow-up results of operative intervention were estimated, diagnostic mistakes were analyzed.

[Kidney tumors in children: successes, problems and prospects]. / Opukholi pochek u detei: uspekhi, problemy i perspektivy.

There was examined 81 children with various renal tumors. Malignant renal tumor was revealed in 74 (91.36%), the benign one--in 7 (8.64%) of patients. All the children were operated on, and 4 of them--in emergency. Polychemotherapy, telegammatherapy were used in the treatment of malignant tumors. Of 26 children with I-II stage of the disease 20 (76.92%) are still alive, of them 50%--more than 5 years. Of 38 children, hospitalized with the III stage of the disease, 15 (39.47%) are alive, and of 10 children with the disease stage IV--one.