[Epidemiological features papillomatosis of the larynx in adults: a literature review]. / Epidemiologicheskie osobennosti papillomatoza gortani u vzroslykh (obzor literatury).

The literature review presents current data on the epidemiology, drug, and surgical treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis in adults. Possible prospects for further study of the prevalence and incidence of the disease and provoking factors of recurrence of the disease for the development of possible preventive measures are considered.

[Optimization of the puncture treatment method for acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis]. / Optimizatsiya metoda punktsionnogo lecheniya ostrogo bakterial'nogo verkhnechelyustnogo sinusita.

OBJECTIVE: Optimization of the method of puncture treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (ABMS) through the development of original devices for drainage of the maxillary sinus (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Registration and comparative analysis of the results of puncture methods of treatment of 120 patients with ABMS using developed new original devices for drainage of MS with one channels and with two channels in comparison with the Kulikovsky's needle (KN) was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, the effectiveness of the original devices was assessed. During the clinical study, patients were divided into two groups: in group I, patients underwent of the MS puncture using KN, in group II, using original devices. Groups I and II, depending on the absence or presence of a block of the natural anastomosis MS, was divided into subgroups A and B, respectively. After puncture of the MS, the pain syndrome was assessed by patients using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and by doctors - using Touch Visual Pain (TVP) scale. RESULTS: Our study showed that when puncturing the upper jaw with an original needle with one channels and with two channels, compared with the use of KN, there is a decrease in pain (the average VAS score was 1.5±0.3 and 1.7±0.3 points, respectively; the average TVP scale score was 0.9±0.2 and 1.8±0.3 points, respectively, the difference is significant, p≤0.05). Patients of subgroup IB were manipulated with two KN, patients of subgroup IIB manipulated using the original device with two channels without an additional needle (the average VAS score was 3.0±0.4 and 1.3±0.3 points, respectively; the average TVP scale score was 2.7±0.4 and 1.0±0.2 points, respectively, the difference is significant, p≤0.05). The doctors also assessed the devices used for puncture of the upper jaw. As a result of the study, the high efficiency and safety of using new original devices was established.

[The evolution of ideas about cyst-like stretching of the paranasal sinuses. Part I]. / Evolyutsiya predstavlenii o kistovidnom rastyazhenii okolonosovykh pazukh. Chast' I.

Treatment of patients with severe chronic and recurrent forms of sinusitis, complicated by pathological stretching of the paranasal sinuses, is not a trivial task. This is especially true for those clinical cases where a pathological increase in the size of the sinus leads to widespread destruction of its walls and may be accompanied by serious complications from adjacent structures. The paper presents an analytical review of publications on the topic of pathological stretching of the paranasal sinuses. Potential factors influencing the development of this pathology, mechanisms of pathogenesis and classification options are described in detail. Modern approaches are considered in the surgical treatment of this pathology, which can be carried out in one or two stages, depending on the presence of secondary aesthetic defects.

[Features of olfactory impairment connected with trigeminal nerve system]. / Osobennosti narusheniya obonyaniya v aspekte sistemy troinichnogo nerva.

Data on the state of sense of smell in patients who had a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus are currently reduced because of the impairment of the olfactory nerve system. There are practically no results in studies of disorders in the trigeminal nerve system. OBJECTIVE: Qualitative assessment of olfactory disorders after COVID-19 according to the system of olfactory and trigeminal nerves with a targeted assessment of the functional component of olfactory disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 40 patients aged 19 to 66 who had a coronavirus infection. All patients underwent neurological, otorhinolaryngological examinations, olfactometry, filled out the hospital anxiety and depression scale. RESULTS: Anosmia was diagnosed in 5 (12.5%) patients, hyposmia in 21 (52.5%) patients, and normosmia in 14 (35%) patients. Formed: the 1st group - 14 patients (35%) with normogram according to olfactometry; the 2nd group - 26 patients (65%) with anosmia/hyposmia. In the 1st group, disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum were significantly more common. In the 2nd group, a low identification of odors was found, lying in the spectrum of fresh, sharp, unpleasant, irritating, compared with sweet and pleasant or neutral, which indicates a predominant lesion of the trigeminal system. CONCLUSION: In patients with complaints of impaired sense of smell after undergoing COVID-19, the possible functional nature of anosmia/hyposmia should be taken into account, which requires the referral of such patients to psychotherapeutic specialists, and the possible entry of olfactory disorders into the 'trigeminal' spectrum.

[History of frontal sinus surgery and current view of the problem. Part 2]. / Istoriya khirurgii lobnoi pazukhi i sovremennyi vzglyad na problemu. Chast' 2.

Surgical treatment of inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinus is one of the biggest challenges of modern otorhinolaryngology. Close proximity of the frontal sinus and frontal sinus drainage pathways to the skull base, the orbit and the anterior ethmoid artery, great limitations with its visualization and instrumentation, and high risk of the frontal recess scarring cause difficulties in either endoscopic or external approaches to the frontal sinus. At the same time endoscopic approach to the frontal sinus is considered as preferred method of frontal sinusitis surgical treatment by majority of peers nowadays. The introduction of extended approaches to the frontal sinus pathology treatment with frontal sinus floor and interfrontal sinus septum drill-out as well as superior septectomy with common drainage pathway formation gave an opportunity to greatly decrease a rate of indications for external frontal sinus procedures. In this paper historical backgrounds of endonasal approaches to frontal sinuses are presented, current controversies in proper selection of extent and methods of the frontal sinus surgery are analyzed and endoscopic as well as external approaches to frontal sinuses are summarized.

[History of frontal sinus surgery and current view of the problem. Part 1]. / Istoriya khirurgii lobnoi pazukhi i sovremennyi vzglyad na problemu. Chast' 1.

Surgical treatment of inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinus is one of the biggest challenges of modern otorhinolaryngology. Close proximity of the frontal sinus and frontal sinus drainage pathways to the skull base, the orbit and the anterior ethmoid artery, great limitations with its visualization and instrumentation, and high risk of the frontal recess scarring cause difficulties in either endoscopic or external approaches to the frontal sinus. At the same time endoscopic approach to the frontal sinus is considered as preferred method of frontal sinusitis surgical treatment by majority of peers nowadays. The introduction of extended approaches to the frontal sinus pathology treatment with frontal sinus floor and interfrontal sinus septum drill-out as well as superior septectomy with common drainage pathway formation gave an opportunity to greatly decrease a rate of indications for external frontal sinus procedures. In this paper historical backgrounds of endonasal approaches to frontal sinuses are presented, current controversies in proper selection of extent and methods of the frontal sinus surgery are analyzed and endoscopic as well as external approaches to frontal sinuses are summarized.

[Features of innate immunity indicators in patients with recurrent exudative otitis media]. / Osobennosti pokazatelei vrozhdennogo immuniteta u patsientov s retsidiviruyushchim ekssudativnym srednim otitom.

The article presents the features of the indicators of the innate immune response (TLR4, IL1B, TGFB, HBD1, and HBD2) in the exudate of the tympanic cavity in patients with recurrent exudative otitis media (EOM) with normal patency of the auditory tube and its dysfunction. The results of the study demonstrate changes in the indices of the innate immune response characteristic of the inflammatory process in patients with recurrent EOM against the background of dysfunction of the auditory tube in comparison with the group where it is absent. The data obtained can be used to clarify the pathogenesis of otitis media with dysfunction of the auditory tube, to develop new methods of diagnosis, prevention and therapy.

[Chronic tonsillitis and periodontal diseases]. / Khronicheskii tonzillit i zabolevaniya parodonta.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic tonsillitis is a multifactorial immunopathological process that contributes to the development of tonsillitis-associated pathology. In turn, this tonsillitis-associated pathology potentiates and aggravates the course of chronic tonsillitis. In the literature, there are data on the possible influence of oropharyngeal loci of focal chronic infection on the body as a whole. One of such foci that can aggravate the course of chronic tonsillitis and maintain sensitization of the body are periodontal pockets formed during the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues. Highly pathogenic microgranisms of periodontal pockets secrete bacterial endotoxins, stimulating the immune response of the human body. Bacteria and their waste products cause intoxication and sensitization of the whole organism. A vicious circle is formed, which is quite difficult to break. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of chronic inflammatory process in periodontal disease on the course of chronic tonsillitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 70 patients with chronic tonsillitis were examined. Together with a dentist-periodontist, an assessment of the state of the dental system was carried out, according to the results of which all patients with chronic tonsillitis were divided into 2 groups: with and without periodontal diseases. RESULTS: In patients with periodontitis, highly pathogenic flora is found in periodontal pockets. When examining patients with chronic tonsillitis, it is important to assess the condition of the dental system, to calculate dental indices, the key of which are periodontal and bleeding index. It is necessary to recommend comprehensive treatment for patients with CT and periodontitis by otorhinolaryngologists and periodontists. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to recommend comprehensive treatment by otorhinolaryngologists and dentists to patients with chronic tonsillitis and periodontitis.

[Combined method of treatment of synechiae of the nasal cavity]. / Kombinirovannaya metodika lecheniya sinekhii polosti nosa.

Diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lead to the development of clinical symptoms, among which difficulty in nasal breathing is among the most common complaints of patients in the practice of otorhinolaryngologists. To prevent the development of synechiae of the nasal cavity in surgery, the following principles are defined: 1) to reduce tissue injury, which is achieved by using modern equipment (endoscopic, laser, radio frequency, etc.); 2) to create a barrier between nearby areas of the nasal mucosa by introducing various intranasal splints; 3) to improve the process of tissue regeneration with the help of medicines (regenerants, reparants, etc.). Currently, there is no single approach to the surgical treatment of synechiae of the nasal cavity. The high frequency of postoperative relapses indicates the need to develop effective methods for the prevention of synechiae of the nasal cavity. The choice of surgical tactics is usually carried out taking into account the localization and extent of synechiae of the nasal cavity. All known methods of surgical treatment, depending on the instruments used for excision of synechiae of the nasal cavity, can be conditionally divided into cold and hot. The Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology has developed a method of complex treatment and prevention of synechiae of the nasal cavity using laser technologies, silicone splints and a hydrogel material based on sodium alginate with derinate.

[Dynamic indicators of the use of puncture method for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in healthcare institutions of the city of Moscow]. / Dinamicheskie pokazateli primeneniya punktsionnogo metoda lecheniya ostrogo verkhnechelyustnogo sinusita v uchrezhdeniyakh zdravookhraneniya goroda Moskvy.

According to the statistical forms medical and preventive treatment centres (MPTC), the analysis of dynamic indicators of the treatment of patients with acute sinusitis (AS) in outpatient polyclinic centers (OPC) and ENT hospitals in Moscow for the period from 2017 to 2021 was carried out. The total number of visits to an otorhinolaryngologist in the OPC in Moscow for 2017-2021 amounted to 6 834 952 patients, including 245 172 patients with AS (3.6%).The total number of hospitalizations in the departments of otorhinolaryngology for the same period amounted to 184 735 patients, including 12 906 patients with AS (7%).The number of patients with AS who was consulted by an otorhinolaryngologist from 2017 to 2021 decreased by 18.2%, which can be explained by a change in the routing of patients with mild form of AS to general practitioners. An analysis of the dynamic indicators of maxillary sinus punctures carried out in the medical and preventive treatment centres (MPTC) in Moscow during the period from 2017 to 2021 showed that there was a redistribution of this manipulation from ENT hospitals to the OPC. At the same time, the proportion of patients requiring puncture treatment in the OPC for 2017-2019 was stable and amounted to 9.3%. However, since 2020, there has been an increase in this indicator by more than 2 times (21.7%), which probably indicates an increase in the treatment of patients with moderate forms of AS in the OPC. The frequency of maxillary sinus punctures that were performed in ENT hospitals in 2017-2019 amounted to 83.5%, in 2020-2021 decreased to 63.4%. The average number of maxillary sinus punctures per patient in ENT hospitals from 2017 to 2019 was 13.3. Since 2020, this value has decreased by about 2 times and has become equal to 8.5. The decrease in the number of maxillary sinus punctures that were performed in ENT hospitals is probably due to the fact that patients with severe and complicated forms of acute sinusitis hospitalized from 2020 to 2021 required more radical surgical treatment.

[Control of hormonal rhinitis symptoms in patients with hypothyrosis: pathogenetic and clinical aspects]. / Kontrol' simptomov khronicheskogo rinita u patsientov s gipotireozom: patogeneticheskie i klinicheskie aspekty.

BACKGROUND: One of the poorly studied sections of the pathology of ENT organs is chronic rhinitis in patients with hypothyroidism, the pathogenesis of which has not been fully understood, the diagnosis causes significant difficulties, and there are no recommendations for treatment. Despite receiving replacement therapy with levothyroxine, the symptoms of rhinitis persist. OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of the use of intranasal glucocorticosteroids in patients with chronic rhinitis and hypothyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with chronic rhinitis and hypothyroidism used mometasone nasal spray 100 mcg 1 time per day for a course of treatment of 2 months (n=60). To assess the symptoms of rhinitis, a visual analog scale (0-10 points), endoscopic examination of ENT organs, anterior active rhinomanometry were used. Evaluation of mucociliary transport was used a saccharin test. The concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF-ß1) in nasal secretion and blood serum was studied by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), the number of metabolites of NO - nitrites+nitrates (NOx) was recorded by colorimetric method. RESULTS: The use of mometasone nasal spray in patients with hypothyroidism helped to reduce complaints on a visual-analog scale (difficulty in nasal breathing, rhinorrhea) and improve nasal breathing according to anterior active rhinomanometry. The concentrations of TGF-ß1 and NOx in nasal secretions before mometasone treatment were higher than after treatment, which probably indicates the contribution of these substances to the formation of edematous hypertrophic changes from the nose in patients with hypothyroidism.

[Features and results of surgical rehabilitation of hearing loss in osteogenesis imperfecta]. / Osobennosti i rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniya tugoukhosti pri nesovershennom osteogeneze.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a form of congenital osteoporosis. Depending on the type of OI, patients experience various types of hearing loss. Depending on the type and degree of hearing loss, various methods of hearing rehabilitation are used in this category of patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the features and results of surgical rehabilitation of hearing loss in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period from 2009 to 2022, 2221 primary stapedoplasty was performed in the department, of which 23 (1.04%) in 21 patients were performed in patients with OI. There were 14 women and 7 men. According to TPA, bilateral hearing loss was detected in 19 patients and unilateral in 2. Conductive hearing loss was observed in 9 cases and mixed - in 14. The average thresholds for bone conduction (BC) were 22.7±8.04 dB, and the bone-air interval (ABG) - 36.1±5.3 dB. According to CT of the temporal bones, all patients showed a bilateral and symmetrical decrease in the density of the auditory ossicles, and in 7 patients there were extensive areas of non-uniform decrease in the density of the bone labyrinth up to +500 - +1000 HU.21 patients underwent 23 operations: in 21 cases stapedoplasty with laser assistance and in 2 cases ossiculoplasty. RESULTS: BC thresholds 6 months after surgery averaged 24.6±8.2 dB, and ABG - 12.1±2.9 dB. Closing of ABG ≤10 dB at spoken frequencies was detected in 30.5%, ABG ≤20 dB - in 95%. After 12 months or more after the operation, no change in the audiological parameters was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Stapes surgery for conductive and mixed hearing loss in OI patients is functionally effective. The best results are achieved after therapy with bisphosphonates with preparations of sodium fluoride, calcium and vitamin D, performing the operation when the density of demineralization zones reaches 1000 HU and using laser assistance. Taking into account the demineralization of the bone structures of the temporal bone, it is recommended to use autocartilaginous stirrup prostheses to restore sound conduction or to cover the attachment area of other prostheses with autologous tissues to prevent necrosis of the long stalk of the incus and stabilize long-term functional results.

[Application of the biofeedback method in the treatment of dysphonia (literature review)]. / Primenenie metoda biologicheskoi obratnoi svyazi pri lechenii disfonii (obzor literatury).

The literature review describes the experience of using the biofeedback method in the treatment of dysphonia of various etiologies. Indications for the use of this method and its effectiveness in a certain contingent of patients are discussed.

[Residency is a fundamental stage of professional training of an otorhinolaryngologist]. / Ordinatura ­ osnovopolagayushchii etap professional'noi podgotovki otorinolaringologa.

Systematic analysis of various indicators of the educational process becomes important to assess the effectiveness of the training of residents. One of the most common tools for monitoring the effectiveness of the educational process is a questionnaire of students. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of the assessment of the quality of training in the residency of the Sverzhevky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology according to the survey of residents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study includes the results of an anonymous questionnaire survey of a sample group of residents of the residency of the Sverzhevky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology of the second year of study. RESULTS: The data obtained allow us to judge the satisfaction with the quality of training of the absolute majority of the interviewed residents, their active use of specialized electronic search engines, a high assessment of the level of lectures, the desire to improve their surgical training. The importance for the professional development of residents of participation in weekly scientific and clinical conferences of the Sverzhevky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, meetings of the Moscow Scientific Society of Otorhinolaryngologists, traditional annual scientific and practical conferences of otorhinolaryngologists of Moscow, as well as in the activities of the Youth Council of the Institute is noted. CONCLUSION: The results of the survey create prerequisites for improving the educational process, the formation of professional competencies and readiness for independent work among residents.

[Clinical and radiological classification of otosclerosis]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaya klassifikatsiya otoskleroza.

The article presents various classifications of forms of otosclerosis (OS), which change with the development of diagnostic methods. At the same time, according to the literature, a unified OS classification has not yet been adopted. All existing classifications are imperfect to some extent. The classification of clinical forms of OS according to TPA data makes it possible to determine the indications for surgical treatment and to suggest its possible effect, but not the localization of OS foci. X-ray classifications of localization of OS foci indicate their diversity, distribution, and do not always correlate with the type of hearing loss. At the same time, modern diagnostics of OS should be based on audiological data, localization of foci and their density according to the results of X-ray methods of examination. Based on the examination and treatment of 1532 patients with various forms of OS, a modern clinical and radiological classification of the disease is proposed, based precisely on these provisions. This classification, in our opinion, will improve the quality of diagnosis of various forms of OS, will allow to differentiate the tactics of treating patients with this disease to stabilize hearing loss, indications for surgical treatment, suggest its effectiveness with a reduction in the risk of surgical failures and possible further rehabilitation of the patient.

[Phage therapy of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the outer and middle ear]. / Fagoterapiya gnoino-vospalitel'noi patologii naruzhnogo i srednego ukha.

The steady growth of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, as a result, difficulties in selecting effective drugs determine the search for an alternative strategy for the use of antimicrobials, and therapy based on the use of bacteriophages is such. Phage therapy in otorhinolaryngology is actively used for the treatment of rhinosinusitis, diseases of the pharynx and larynx. However, it should be noted that the use of this group of drugs in the treatment of ear diseases is not sufficiently covered. Currently, institutes and clinics around the world are undergoing many large multicenter studies aimed not only at finding effective bacteriophages against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but also at isolating their enzymes (lysines), expression of transport proteins, genetic modifications that lead to the restoration of the sensitivity of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs. In this review, we sought to highlight modern works concerning the treatment of inflammatory ear diseases with bacteriophage preparations, the results of microbiological studies conducted in vitro, the main purpose of which was to combat multi-resistant strains of microorganisms - pathogens of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the outer and middle ear.

[Case of diagnosis and surgical treatment of intracranial cholesteatoma]. / Sluchai diagnostiki i khirurgicheskogo lecheniya intrakranial'noi kholesteatomy.

The article provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of congenital and acquired intracranial cholesteatoma, the theory of its pathogenesis, classification, and clinical features. The most common localization of congenital and acquired intracranial cholesteatoma is described and various surgical approaches are presented that allow total removal of the formation. A clinical case of diagnosis and surgical treatment of acquired intracranial cholesteatoma caused by chronic suppurative otitis media is presented. A clinical example indicates the possibility of a long asymptomatic course of acquired intracranial cholesteatoma. The use of a combined (extradural subtemporal and transmastoid) surgical approach made it possible to completely remove the acquired cholesteatoma of the temporal lobe of the brain in a patient with chronic suppurative otitis media.

[Diagnosis and rehabilitation of anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]. / Osobennosti diagnostiki i reabilitatsii dobrokachestvennogo paroksizmal'nogo pozitsionnogo golovokruzheniya pri otolitiaze perednego polukruzhnogo kanala.

OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical symptoms and rehabilitation of anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (aBPPV) in comparison to horizontal canal BPPV (hBPPV) and posterior canal BPPV (pBPPV). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 22 patients with aBPPV, 450 patients with pBPPV and 88 patients with hBPPV from total 640 patients with definite BPPV. Rehabilitation of BPPV included different manual repositioning maneuvers. In case of unsuccessful reposition during the visit the patients practiced various home-based repositioning maneuvers and underwent reposition in multipositional mechanical chair. Clinical symptoms and repositioning process in patients with aBPPV were compared to patients with hBPPV and pBPPV, nystagmus was analyzed in aBPPV during the rehabilitation. RESULTS: ABPPV is a rare type of otolithiasis (3.4% of all BPPVcases). aBPPV typically has no association with middle and inner ear pathology and head trauma. Clinical symptoms in aBPPV are equal to pBPPV and less severe than in hBPPV. In aBPPV cases dominates cupulolithiasis type of canal involvement, which leads to treatment resistance and complex rehabilitation process, which includes repeat visits, multiple repeat maneuvers by specialist, home-based treatment and use of multipositional mechanical chair. Residual dizziness with duration more than a week after successful reposition occurs more often in patients with aBPPV compared to hBPPV and pBPPV cases. In aBPPV cases atypical change of nystagmus could be observed which could be due to canal switch from anterior to posterior canals, primary location of otoliths in common crus of vertical canals or masking chronic otolithiasis of anterior short arm of posterior canal.

[Diagnosis and rehabilitation of anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]. / Prognozirovanie retsidivov dobrokachestvennogo paroksizmal'nogo pozitsionnogo golovokruzheniya.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for predicting otolithiasis recurrence within 1 year after benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) episode based on analysis of the anamnesis and standardized characteristics of the clinical symptoms and treatment of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 640 patients with BPPV, who were divided into two groups: the 1st group (n=458) - patients with no recurrence in 1 year of follow-up; the 2nd group (n=148) - patients with recurrence in the first year after treatment of BPPV episode. In order to identify risk factors, the initial clinical and anamnestic features associated with BPPV (gender, age, comorbidities), clinical symptoms and rehabilitation parameters of the last episode of the disease were analyzed. Diagnostic indices were calculated for the sets of selected features that reliably distinguished both groups of patients with absent/present BPPV recurrence within one year, and based on these, an algorithm was created using a Bayesian sequential diagnostic procedure to predict BPPV recurrence within 1 year of an identified and treated BPPV episode. RESULTS: In the 2nd group there was the significant prevalence of elderly (older 65 years) and female patients. In these patients higher association with hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, osteoporosis and lung diseases was observed. Diagnosis and treatment of recurrent patients in the 2nd group correlates with detection of horizontal nystagmus in Dix-Hallpike test in case of horizontal canal BPPV, requirement for several maneuvers per appointment, canal switch during reposition, resistant course of the disease, the need for additional self-treatment for patients between appointments, and the more frequent development of residual vertigo. Prognostic algorithm for predicting recurrence within 1 year of detected and treated posterior and horizontal canal BPPV episode was developed with a prediction accuracy of 75.3% (71.3%; 79%) and 79.4% (71.6%; 85.9%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of the algorithm proposed by us will allow not only to prevent the identified risk factors, but also to inform the patient in a timely and sufficient manner about the likelihood of a relapse of the disease in order to prevent the development of functional vertigo, as well as training in universal repositional maneuvers before a repeat consultation of specialist.

[Congenital cholesteatoma of the mastoid process: cases of diagnosis and surgical treatment]. / Vrozhdennaya kholesteatoma sostsevidnogo otrostka visochnoi kosti: sluchai diagnostiki i khirurgicheskogo lecheniya.

A brief review of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of congenital cholesteatoma (CC) of the temporal bone pyramid is presented, classifications reflecting the degree of spread or localization of the process are considered. Variants of local CCs of the mastoid process don't fit into these classifications, as well as there is no statistics on the frequency of their detection and treatment due to the rarity of this pathology. Clinical cases of diagnosis, surgical treatment of CC of the mastoid process and its results are described. Clinical examples indicate a long-term asymptomatic course of CC of the mastoid process, accompanied by a pronounced destructive process in the mastoid process. Early surgical treatment makes it possible to remove the neoplasm as radically as possible and preserve hearing function.