Clinical impact of left atrial remodeling pattern in patients with atrial fibrillation: Comparison of volumetric, electrical, and combined remodeling.

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is accompanied by various types of remodeling, including volumetric enlargement and histological degeneration. Electrical remodeling reportedly reflects histological degeneration. PURPOSE: To clarify the differences in determinants and clinical impacts among types of remodeling. METHODS: This observational study included 1118 consecutive patients undergoing initial ablation for AF. Patients were divided into four groups: minimal remodeling (left atrial volume index [LAVI] < mean value and no low-voltage area [LVA], n = 477); volumetric remodeling (LAVI ≥ mean value and no LVA, n = 361); electrical remodeling (LAVI < mean value and LVA presence, n = 96); and combined remodeling (LAVI ≥ mean value and LVA presence, n = 184). AF recurrence and other clinical outcomes were followed up for 2 and 5 years, respectively. RESULTS: Major determinants of each remodeling pattern were high age for electrical (odds ratio = 2.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.68-3.25) and combined remodeling (2.57, 1.88-3.49); female for electrical (3.85, 2.21-6.71) and combined remodeling (4.92, 2.90-8.25); persistent AF for combined remodeling (7.09, 3.75-13.4); and heart failure for volumetric (1.71, 1.51-2.53) and combined remodeling (2.21, 1.30-3.75). Recurrence rate after initial ablation increased in the order of minimal remodeling (20.1%), volumetric (27.4%) or electrical remodeling (36.5%), and combined remodeling (50.0%, p < .0001). A composite endpoint of heart failure, stroke, and death occurred in the order of minimal (3.4%), volumetric (7.5%) or electrical (8.3%), and combined remodeling (15.2%, p < .0001). CONCLUSION: Volumetric, electrical, and combined remodeling were each associated with a unique patient background, and defined rhythm and other clinical outcomes.

Impact of diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control on the prevalence of left atrial low-voltage areas and rhythm outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation ablation.

INTRODUCTION: Left atrial low-voltage areas (LVAs) are known to be correlated with atrial scarring and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation. However, the association between LVAs and glycemic status before ablation has not been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations among the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), glycemic control, and the prevalence of LVAs in patients with AF ablation. METHODS: In total, 912 (age, 68 ± 10 years; female, 299 [33%]; persistent AF, 513 [56%]) consecutive patients who underwent initial AF ablation were included. A preprocedure glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥7% was set as the cutoff for poor glycemic control in patients with DM. LVAs were defined as areas with a bipolar voltage of <0.5 mV covering ≥5 cm2 of left atrium. RESULTS: LVAs existed in 208 (23%) patients, and 168 (18%) patients had DM. LVAs were found more frequently in patients with DM and poor glycemic control. On multivariate analysis, DM with HbA1c ≥7% was an independent predictor of LVAs (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.6-6.7; p = .001). In patients with LVAs, freedom from AF recurrence during the 24-month study period was significantly lower in patients who had DM with HbA1c ≥7% than in those without DM (37.9% vs. 54.7%, p = .02). CONCLUSION: In patients with AF ablation, LVAs were found more frequently in patients with DM and poor glycemic control. DM with HbA1c ≥7% was an independent predictor of LVAs.

Utility of the powered stapler for radical pulmonary resection: a propensity score-matched analysis.

PURPOSE: Anatomical pulmonary resection, such as lobectomy, is a common procedure. Staplers play an important role in dividing an incomplete interlobular fissure, especially in thoracoscopic surgery. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a powered stapler for reducing the need for intraoperative fibrin glue and the incidence of air leakage after radical pulmonary resection. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective study were 478 patients who underwent radical pulmonary resection. Propensity score analysis generated two matched pairs of 177 patients treated using powered and manual staplers, respectively. RESULTS: The need for fibrin glue intraoperatively during radical pulmonary resection was significantly less in the powered-stapler group (47.5%) than in the manual-stapler group (58.8%, p = 0.033). The incidence of postoperative air leakage following radical pulmonary resection was also significantly lower in the powered-stapler group (2.8%) than in the manual-stapler group (10.7%, p = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis identified use of the powered stapler as a factor independently associated with both non-use of fibrin glue intraoperatively (odds ratio, 0.63; p = 0.040) and no postoperative air leakage (odds ratio, 0.26; p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: Using a powered stapler to divide the incomplete interlobular fissure decreased the need for additional intraoperative management using fibrin glue and reduced postoperative air leakage in radical pulmonary resection.

Mandibular Fracture in a Patient Taking a Direct Oral Anticoagulant.

ABSTRACT: A 74-year-old man presented with hemorrhage from the mandible after an injury caused by a 5 × 3 × 3-cm metal square column flying from a 45-ton press machine that struck the right side of his face. He is a known atrial fibrillation patient and is on rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant. An approximately 8-cm Y-shaped wound with persistent hemorrhage was observed in the right mandible, and the mandible was displaced between the right mandibular canine and first premolar. Although the patient showed no dyspnea, the sublingual region showed a slight dark purple swelling; fiberoptic nasal intubation was performed. Computed tomography at 3.5 hours after the injury revealed a comminuted fracture of the right mandibular body, edema at the floor of the mouth, nasal cavity, upper pharynx to hypopharynx, and the pharyngeal airway around the endotracheal tube. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed. Rivaroxaban was started again 3 days after surgery.

Disulfiram enhanced delivery of orally administered copper into the central nervous system in Menkes disease mouse model.

INTRODUCTION: Menkes disease (MD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by dysfunction of a copper-transporting protein, leading to severe neurodegeneration in early childhood. We investigated whether a lipophilic copper chelator, disulfiram, could enhance copper absorption from the intestine and transport copper across the blood-brain barrier in MD model mice. METHODS: Wild type and MD model mice were pretreated with disulfiram for 30 min before oral administration of 64CuCl2. Each organ was sequentially analyzed for radioactivity with γ counting. Copper uptake into the brain parenchyma was assessed by ex vivo autoradiography. RESULTS: In wild type mice, orally administered copper was initially detected in the intestine within 2 h, reaching a maximum level in the liver (19.6 ± 3.8 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]) at 6 h. In MD model mice, the copper reached the maximum level in the liver (5.3 ± 1.5 %ID/g) at 4 h, which was lower than that of wild type mice (19.0 ± 7.4 %ID/g) (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of disulfiram in MD model mice increased the copper level in the brain (0.59 ± 0.28 %ID/g) at 24 h compared with MD model mice without disulfiram (0.07 ± 0.05 %ID/g) (P < 0.05). Ex vivo autoradiography revealed that high levels of copper uptake was observed in the cerebral cortex upon disulfiram pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that disulfiram enhanced the delivery of orally administered copper into the central nervous system in MD model mice. The administration of disulfiram will enable patients to avoid unpleasant subcutaneous copper injection in the future.

Metabolic Signature of MELAS/Leigh Overlap Syndrome in Patient-specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Model.

Background: Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes/Leigh overlap syndrome (MELAS) is caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is still largely unknown how these mitochondrial respiratory chain defects affect cellular metabolisms and lead to variable clinical phenotypes. Here, we analyzed metabolic signatures in a cellular model of MELAS/ Leigh overlap syndrome using untargeted gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). . Methods: We obtained fibroblasts from a MELAS/Leigh overlap syndrome patient carrying the heteroplasmic m.10191T>C mutation, and generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from these fibroblast. Isogenic iPSC clones carrying two different loads of the heteroplasmic mutation (ND3hig-iPSC, ND3"*w- iPSC-) were subjected to metabolome analysis. Metabolite profiles, which were identified by GC-MS, were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Results: We were able to identify about 40 metabolites in control fibroblasts and iPSCs. Upon comparative metabolome analysis between fibroblasts and iPSCs, lactic acid and proline were distinct between the two groups. When we compared patient fibroblasts and control fibroblasts, no significant distinct metabolites were found. On the other hand, patient specific iPSC with high mutational load (ND3high_ iPSC) showed a distinct metabolite profile compared with ND3""-iPSC and control-iPSCs. Metabolites that contributed to this distinction were pyruvate, malic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and lactic acid. This metabolomic signature was only seen in the undifferentiated state of iPSCs and was lost upon differentiation Conclusions: These findings suggest that patient specific iPSC technology is useful to elucidate unique pathogenic metabolic pathways ,6mitochondrial chain diseases.

C-reactive protein inhibits expression of N-cadherin and ZEB-1 in murine colon adenocarcinoma.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to play a key role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. We previously demonstrated that cancer cell migration is inhibited by C-reactive protein (CRP), which is widely used as a biomarker of inflammation, though its functions are not fully understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of CRP on cancer cell migration and expression of mesenchymal and epithelial markers of EMT and of related transcription factors. MCA-38 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells were subcutaneously inoculated into the backs of C57BL/6 mice, which also received 1 µg of recombinant mouse CRP or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) subcutaneously every 3 days for 4 weeks. Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed for evaluation using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. There was no statistical difference in tumor size between the control and CRP groups, but CRP dose-dependently inhibited MCA-38 cell migration. PCR analysis confirmed that CRP suppresses expression of N-cadherin (p < 0.01), a mesenchymal marker of EMT, and ZEB-1, an EMT-related transcription factor (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that CRP inhibits EMT in a MCA-38 tumor-bearing mouse model. CRP may thus be a potentially useful tool for preventing cancer progression through suppression of EMT.

Development of a New Magnetometer for Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Designed for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND: We previously developed a method for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on the magnetic force produced by a magnetite tracer already approved for use as a contrast material for magnetic resonance imaging. However, it is difficult to use that technique with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) because the sensing element of the magnetometer is large and thick. The purpose of the present study was to develop a smaller, thinner VATS-compatible magnetometer. METHODS: The tracer employed was Ferucarbotran, a colloidal solution of superparamagnetic iron oxide coated with carbodextran. Fifteen patients with clinical stage I NSCLC were enrolled, and each received 1.6 mL of Ferucarbotran, injected intraoperatively at 5 points around the tumor. The magnetic force within the sampling lymph nodes was measured using the new VATS-compatible magnetometer. RESULTS: SLNs were detected in 11 (73.3%) of the 15 patients using the VATS-compatible magnetometer. The average number of SLNs identified per patient was 1.8 (range 0-4). No complications related to the SLN detection method were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The new VATS-compatible magnetometer appears to have substantial advantages over techniques using a radioisotope and our earlier magnetometer, as it can be inserted through the small VATS port site.

Strong expression of cyclin B2 mRNA correlates with a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Cyclin family proteins act in association with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) at cell cycle checkpoints to regulate the eukaryotic cell cycle. CyclinB2 contributes to G2/M transition by activating CDK1 kinase, and cyclin B2 inhibition induces cell cycle arrest. CyclinB2 is overexpressed in various human tumors, though the relationship between cyclin B2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer and patient prognosis is not well understood. In the present study, therefore, we investigated the relationship between cyclin B2 mRNA expression and the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We used semiquantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression of cyclin B2 mRNA in tumor samples from 79 patients with NSCLC. We then correlated the cyclin B2 mRNA levels with clinicopathological factors. We also used immunohistochemical staining to determine the localization of expressed cyclin B2. The 5-year overall survival rates among patients with adenocarcinoma of lung expressing lower levels of cyclin B2 mRNA were significantly better than the corresponding rates among patients expressing higher levels (p = 0.004). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses revealed that gender ((hazard ratio (HR), 9.81; p = 0.044)), n2 (HR, 146.26; p ≤ 0.001), and cyclin B2 mRNA high (HR, 7.21; p = 0.021) were independent factors affecting the 5-year overall survival rates. However, there was no significance in the 5-year overall survival rates among the patients with squamous cell carcinoma between expressing lower and higher level of cyclin B2 mRNA. Stronger expression of cyclin B2 mRNA in tumor cells is an independent predictor of a poor prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma of lung.

Diagnostic imaging in the preoperative management of lung cancer.

Surgical resection is the accepted standard of care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several imaging modalities play central roles in the detection and staging of the disease. The aim of this review is to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT for NSCLC staging. Radiographic staging refers to the use of CT as a non-invasive diagnostic technique. However, while the vast majority of patients undergo only CT, CT is a notoriously inaccurate means of tumor and nodal staging in many situations. PET/CT clearly improves the staging, particularly nodal staging, compared to CT or PET alone. In addition, as a result of the increased soft-tissue contrast, MRI is superior to CT for distinguishing between tissue characteristics. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), which is a minimally invasive technique, also has pathological diagnostic potential. Extensive research and the resultant improvements in the understanding of genetics, histology, molecular biology and oncology are transforming our understanding of lung cancer, and it is clear that imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, PET and PET/CT will have an important role in its preoperative management. However, thoracic surgeons should also be aware of the limitations of these techniques.

Diagnostic method of mass spectrometry for detecting lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Histopathology by pathologists is essential in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, auxiliary diagnostic procedures for malignant tumor have continued to evolve. Despite the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC, the application of the latest procedures and technologies to the field of lung cancer has lagged. Mass spectrometry was used to detect trace amounts of peptides in human tissue with high accuracy. The aim of this study was to establish a method for diagnostic mass spectrometry to identify lymph node metastasis by detecting cytokeratin (CK)19, a useful biomarker in lung cancer. METHODS: We collected 81 lymph nodes with positive expression of CK19 in patients who underwent radical surgical resection in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Iwate Medical University between May 2020 and December 2022. An X500R instrument was used for sample analysis. A positive result for lymph node metastasis as the detection at least two product ions (FGPGVAFR and ILGATIENSR) from CK19 was defined. RESULTS: Our study indicated a high diagnostic efficiency for mass spectrometry, with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity. The mutual concordance of mass spectrometry methods and histopathological diagnosis was 90.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Mass spectrometry offers high diagnostic accuracy and can be clinically applied to auxiliary diagnostic procedures for lymph node metastasis from NSCLC.

Prognostic impact of atrial cardiomyopathy: Long-term follow-up of patients with and without low-voltage areas following atrial fibrillation ablation.

BACKGROUND: Atrial cardiomyopathy is known as an underlying pathophysiological factor in the majority of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Left atrial low-voltage areas (LVAs) are reported to coincide with fibrosis and likely represent atrial cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to delineate differences in the long-term prognosis of patients stratified by the size of LVAs. METHODS: This observational study included 1488 consecutive patients undergoing initial ablation for AF. LVAs were defined as regions with a bipolar peak-to-peak voltage <0.50 mV. The total study population was divided into 3 groups stratified by LVA size: patients with no LVAs (n = 1136); those with small (<20 cm2) LVAs (n = 250) LVAs; and those with extensive (≥20 cm2) LVAs (n = 102). Composite endpoints of death, heart failure, and stroke were followed for up to 5 years. RESULTS: Composite endpoints developed in 105 of 1488 patients (7.1%), and AF recurrence occurred in 410 (27.6%). Composite endpoints developed more frequently in the order of patients with extensive LVAs (19.1%), small LVAs (10.8%), and no LVAs (5.1%) (P for trend <.0001). Multivariable analysis revealed that LVA presence was independently associated with higher incidence of composite endpoints, irrespective of AF recurrence (modified hazard ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.64; P = .011) CONCLUSION: LVA presence and its extent both were associated with poor long-term composite endpoints of death, heart failure, and stroke, irrespective of AF recurrence or other confounders. Underlying atrial cardiomyopathy seems to define a poor prognosis after AF ablation.

Left atrial low voltage areas and heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation: Implication of the atrial myopathy.

AIMS: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) affect each other and are often co-morbid. The fact that HF development is not uncommon even after ablation suggests that we need a deeper understanding of the pathology of these conditions. Atrial myocardial degeneration is an underlying factor in AF patients and may be associated with HF development after ablation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of low-voltage areas (LVAs) on HF prognosis after AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: This observational study included 1481 consecutive patients undergoing initial ablation for AF. Left atrial LVAs were defined as regions with a bipolar peak-to-peak voltage of <0.50 mV. Patients were divided into three groups: no LVA (LVA size indexed to body surface area <3 cm2/m2, n = 1129), small LVA (3-10 cm2/m2, n = 217), and extensive LVA (≥10 cm2/m2, n = 135). A composite endpoint of HF hospitalization or death occurred more frequently in patients with larger LVAs (3.3% vs. 6.5% vs. 13.3%, P < 0.0001) during the 3-year follow up period. The extent of LVAs was independently related to the risk of the composite endpoint with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.10) for each additional step of LVA classification (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: LVA presence and its extent were associated with frequent HF hospitalization and death. Underlying atrial myopathy appears to define a poor HF prognosis after AF ablation.

Effectiveness of primary series, first, and second booster vaccination of monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 epidemic in Japan: vaccine effectiveness real-time surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 (VERSUS).

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate VE of primary, first, and second booster ancestral-strain monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination against symptomatic infections and severe diseases in Japan. METHODS: We conducted a test-negative case-control study. We included medically attended episodes and hospitalizations involving individuals aged ≥16 with signs and symptoms from July to November 2022, when Omicron BA.5 was dominant nationwide. To evaluate VE, we calculated adjusted ORs of vaccination among test-positive versus test-negative individuals using a mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS: For VE against symptomatic infections among individuals aged 16 to 59, VE of primary vaccination at > 180 days was 26.1% (95% CI: 10.6-38.8%); VE of the first booster was 58.5% (48.4-66.7%) at ≤90 days, decreasing to 41.1% (29.5-50.8%) at 91 to 180 days. For individuals aged ≥60, VE of the first booster was 42.8% (1.7-66.7%) at ≤90 days, dropping to 15.4% (-25.9-43.2%) at 91 to 180 days, and then increasing to 44.0% (16.4-62.5%) after the second booster. For VE against severe diseases, VE of the first and second booster was 77.3% (61.2-86.7%) at ≤90 days and 55.9% (23.4-74.6%) afterward. CONCLUSION: mRNA booster vaccination provided moderate protection against symptomatic infections and high-level protection against severe diseases during the BA.5 epidemic in Japan.

Bronchioloalveolar invasion in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with expression of transforming growth factor-ß1.

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) with fibrous stromal invasion are newly introduced subtypes of small lung adenocarcinoma. AIS is a small localized adenocarcinoma in which growth is restricted to neoplastic cells along preexisting alveolar structures without fibrous stromal invasion. In MIA, by contrast, tumor cells have infiltrated the myofibroblastic stroma. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß is known to be produced by progressor tumors, and excessive TGF-ß contributes to a pathological excess of tissue fibrosis. TGF-ß1 is the most abundant isoform, and its expression is a key event fostering tumor invasion and metastasis. We therefore analyzed the relationship between TGF-ß1 expression and clinicopathological microinvasion in patients with small lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The study participants were 45 patients who underwent curative surgery for AIS and MIA 3 cm or less in size. Those tumors were assessed based on immunohistochemical staining using anti-TGF-ß1 antibody. The TGF-ß1 status was assessed immunohistochemically using the Allred 8-unit system. RESULTS: The rates of TGF-ß1 positivity in the AIS and MIA groups were 27.3% and 65.2%, respectively (P <0.05). The median of Allred score was 0.5 (range 0-5) in the AIS group and 3.0 (range 0-6) in the MIA group (P = 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that TGF-ß1 expression is likely to be significantly stronger in patients with MIA than in those with AIS, and the increased expression may be associated with minimal invasion and infiltration of the myofibroblastic stroma.

Optimal period of smoking cessation to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) provoke an extended hospital stay and increased postoperative mortality. Although several factors can cause PPCs, smoking is the only factor that can be adjusted within a short period of time preoperatively. However, the optimal period of smoking cessation to reduce the risk of PPCs remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 1260 patients with primary lung cancer who underwent radical pulmonary resection between January 2010 and December 2021 were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: We classified patients into 2 groups: non-smokers (patients who had never smoked) and smokers (patients who had ever smoked). The frequency of PPCs was 3.3% in non-smokers and 9.7% in smokers. PPCs were significantly less frequent in non-smokers than in smokers (P < 0.001). When smokers were classified according to the duration of smoking cessation, the frequency of PPCs was significantly lower for a duration of 6 weeks or more than for <6 weeks (P < 0.001). In a propensity score analysis performed for 6 or >6 and <6 weeks' smoking cessation in smokers, the frequency of PPCs was significantly lower for smokers with 6 or more weeks' smoking cessation than for smokers with <6 weeks' smoking cessation (P = 0.002). A multivariable analysis identified <6 weeks' smoking cessation as a significant predictor of PPCs for smokers (odds ratio: 4.55, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation for 6 or more weeks preoperatively significantly reduced the frequency of PPCs.

Gender Differences in Atrial Fibrosis and Cardiomyopathy Assessed by Left Atrial Low-Voltage Areas During Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial myocardial degeneration predisposes to atrial fibrillation (AF), ischemic stroke, and heart failure. Studies suggest the presence of gender differences in atrial myocardial degeneration. This study aimed to delineate gender differences in the prevalence, predictors, and prognostic impact of left atrial low-voltage areas (LVAs). This observational study included 1,488 consecutive patients who underwent initial ablation for AF. Voltage mapping was performed after pulmonary vein isolation during sinus rhythm. LVAs were defined as regions where bipolar peak-to-peak voltage was <0.50 mV. LVA prevalence was higher in women (38.7%) than in men (16.0%). High age, persistent form of AF, diabetes mellitus, and a large left atrium were shown to be common predictors in both gender categories. Heart failure and history of stroke/thromboembolic events were men-specific predictors of LVA existence. Women experienced more AF recurrence than men (31.1% vs 25.7%, p = 0.027). LVA existence was significantly associated with increased AF recurrence in each gender category, with a respective hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval, and p value of 2.45, 1.87 to 3.22, and <0.0001 in men and 1.82, 1.33 to 2.49, and <0.0001 in women. In conclusion, LVA was more frequent in women than men, and predicted frequent AF recurrence irrespective of gender category.

Evaluation of pulmonary artery bleeding during thoracoscopic pulmonary resection for lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Bleeding from the pulmonary artery (PA) can be fatal in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer. We evaluated intraoperative PA injury and assessed precautions for thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary resection. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 1098 patients who underwent radical surgery for lung cancer utilizing complete VATS from January 2010 to December 2021. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients (1.5%) had PA injury during VATS, while hemostasis was performed by conversion to thoracotomy in eight patients (50.0%). Although there was a significantly greater operation time and blood loss for patients in the PA injury group (318.4 vs. 264.9 min, p = 0.001; 550.3 vs. 60.5 g, p ≤ 0.001, respectively), there was no significant different for the chest tube insertion duration and length of postoperative hospital stay (4.9 vs. 7.8 days, p = 0.157; 10.6 vs. 9.9 days, p = 0.136, respectively). There was a significant difference observed for the surgical procedure related to the left upper lobectomy in the PA injury group (43.8 vs. 18.8%, p = 0.012), with the primary causative PA determined to be the left anterior segmental PA (A3 ) (31.3%). CONCLUSIONS: VATS is both feasible and safe for lung cancer treatment provided the surgeon performs appropriate hemostasis, although fatal vascular injury could potentially occur during VATS. Surgeons need to be aware of the pitfalls regarding PA dissection management.

No-drain management after thoracoscopic lung wedge resection with a novel intraoperative sealing test.

OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies have reported the safety of no-drain management after thoracoscopic wedge resection, most of those studies were non-inferiority trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether no-drain management with an optimal sealing test affects post-operative complications in patients after thoracoscopic wedge resection. METHODS: A total of 906 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung wedge resection for various disorders except secondary pneumothorax between 2011 and 2020 were analyzed. According to intraoperative findings from the sealing test, patients were divided into groups with chest drain placement (Drain group, n = 514) or no-drain management (no-drain group, n = 392). Our intraoperative sealing test used a flexible drain (Blake®, 19-Fr; Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) connected to the chest drain bag (- 10 cmH2O) to monitor intrathoracic pressure and detect occult alveolar air leakage. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance baseline characteristics of the two groups and reduce selection bias. RESULTS: A total of 250 pairs were matched and standardized differences suggested proper matching had been achieved. Mean length of post-operative hospital stay (4.6 days vs. 3.2 days, p < 0.001) was significantly lower in the no-drain group. Total post-operative complication rates were significantly lower in the no-drain group (6.4% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: No-drain management after thoracoscopic wedge resection was associated with fewer post-operative complications and shorter hospital stay in selected patients. Our novel intraoperative sealing test may be useful for no-drain management of select patients.

Utility of mass spectrometry and artificial intelligence for differentiating primary lung adenocarcinoma and colorectal metastatic pulmonary tumor.

BACKGROUND: Rapid intraoperative diagnosis for unconfirmed pulmonary tumor is extremely important for determining the optimal surgical procedure (lobectomy or sublobar resection). Attempts to diagnose malignant tumors using mass spectrometry (MS) have recently been described. This study evaluated the usefulness of MS and artificial intelligence (AI) for differentiating primary lung adenocarcinoma (PLAC) and colorectal metastatic pulmonary tumor. METHODS: Pulmonary samples from 40 patients who underwent pulmonary resection for PLAC (20 tumors, 20 normal lungs) or pulmonary metastases originating from colorectal metastatic pulmonary tumor (CRMPT) (20 tumors, 20 normal lungs) were collected and analyzed retrospectively by probe electrospray ionization-MS. AI using random forest (RF) algorithms was employed to evaluate the accuracy of each combination. RESULTS: The accuracy of the machine learning algorithm applied using RF to distinguish malignant tumor (PLAC or CRMPT) from normal lung was 100%. The algorithms offered 97.2% accuracy in differentiating PLAC and CRMPT. CONCLUSIONS: MS combined with an AI system demonstrated high accuracy not only for differentiating cancer from normal tissue, but also for differentiating between PLAC and CRMPT with a short working time. This method shows potential for application as a support tool facilitating rapid intraoperative diagnosis to determine the surgical procedure for pulmonary resection.