Comparison between Metal Mesh and Iliac Bonegraft in the Reconstruction of Orbital Floor Fracture-A Clinical Study.

Background: After face trauma, orbital floor fractures are often experienced, leading to both functional and cosmetic deficits. There are several methods for reconstructing the orbital floor, such as iliac bone grafting and metal mesh. There are not many comparison studies available, nevertheless, to help surgeons choose the best method. Methods: Fifty patients with orbital floor fractures were enrolled in this prospective, randomized clinical investigation. They were randomly allocated to receive either an iliac bone transplant (n = 25) or metal mesh (n = 25). Over the course of six months, postoperative complications such as diplopia and enophthalmos were assessed regularly. A statistical study was conducted to compare the two groups' results. Results: There was no discernible difference in postoperative complications between the two groups when it came to the reconstruction of orbital floor fractures using either metal mesh or iliac bone transplant. In contrast to the metal mesh group, the iliac bone graft group did, however, exhibit a somewhat decreased incidence of diplopia and enophthalmos. Conclusion: In conclusion, metal mesh and iliac bone graft are both reliable methods for reconstructing the orbital floor, and their rates of surgical complications are similar. However, there could be little benefit to iliac bone grafting in terms of lower rates of enophthalmos and diplopia. Based on the preferences of the surgeon and patient-specific criteria, the procedure should be selected individually.

Outcome of Postoperative Facial Nerve Function Following Electromyographic Facial Nerve Monitoring During Parotidectomy for Benign Lesions: a Retrospective Study.

Does use of Facial nerve monitors during parotidectomy decrease incidence of facial paralysis/paresis without use of facial paresis? This study was done to compare the incidence, grade and risk factors of facial palsy in patients undergoing parotidectomy for benign parotid lesions with and without use of facial nerve monitor. This is a retrospective study. Eighty parotid patients operated for benign parotid lesions from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Demography details, history of the patients, history of addictions, clinical examination findings, investigation findings like the biopsy report, FNAC report, imaging i.e., CT / MRI / USG, use of intraoperative facial nerve monitor, time taken to identify the facial nerve, postoperative facial nerve palsy, facial nerve stimulation test and recovery time were analysed. Fifty patients were operated without use of facial nerve monitor, and 30 patients were operated using facial nerve monitor. Postoperative facial nerve complications were seen in 28 out of 80 patients (35%). Postoperative facial nerve complications were observed in 5 out of 30 patients (20%) in whom facial nerve monitoring was used. Marginal mandibular nerve palsy was observed in 4 patients and 1 patient had weakness of both marginal mandibular and orbital branches. While in postoperative facial nerve complications were observed in 25 out of 50 patients (50%), marginal mandibular nerve palsy was observed in 15 patients (40%), grade 3 facial palsy was observed in 3 out of 50 patients (6%), and grade 4 facial palsy were observed in 2 out of 50 patients (4%). The use of intraoperative FNM significantly lowered the incidence of paralysis.

Frequency of Nucleophosmin 1 Expression by Immunohistochemistry in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation is one of the most common recurring genetic abnormalities seen in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Immunohistochemistry serves as a cost effective and simple surrogate testing method for detection of NPM1 mutation. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of aberrant cytoplasmic nucleophosmin 1 expression in leukemic blast cells on formalin fixed bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMB) sections and also to correlate this data with the reference molecular method (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR and gene sequencing), where available. Immunostains were performed using mouse anti-NPM1 monoclonal antibody on 71 paraffin embedded bone marrow biopsies (BMB) of patients with AML of any French-American-British (FAB) subtype. Results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) were then compared with the reference molecular method. The proportion of NPM1 expression by immunostaining in AML cases was found to be 17%. Twelve of the total 71 cases demonstrated cytoplasmic nucleophosmin (NPMc+) on immunostaining. Eleven of the positive cases that were correlated with the molecular standard demonstrated mutation in exon 12 of NPM1 gene. Cytoplasmic nucleophosmin expression by immunostaining was found to be in complete agreement with the standard molecular method. In a resource restricted setup, the information from this study might help in providing an inexpensive and accurate detection method to facilitate introduction of this marker in diagnostic and prognostic workup of AML especially in patients showing normal karyotype and no common recurrent translocations.

Study of Efficacy and the Comparison Between 2.0 mm Locking Plating System and 2.0 mm Standard Plating System in Mandibular Fractures.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and comparison between 2.0 mm locking plate system and 2.0 mm Champy's titanium mini plating system in mandible fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients with mandibular fractures were selected and divided into two groups A and B on randomized basis. Group A was treated with open reduction internal fixation using 2.0 mm locking plates and group B with 2.0 mm Champy's titanium miniplates. All patients were followed up for 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Results of the study show less screw loosening, less precision in plate adaptation and less alteration of the osseous or occlusal relationship upon screw tightening in group A. Chi square test was applied to compare the results between the two groups. Statistical analysis did not show significant difference of incidence of malocclusion between the two groups (p value = 0.606). Statistical analysis using un-paired t test showed significant difference of working time between the two groups (p value = 0.00296). When comparing the overall complication rates according to plates used, the χ(2) test showed no statistically significant difference between the locking and nonlocking plates (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is observed in our study that the locking plate/screw system offers significant advantages over the conventional plating system. The precise adaptation required for using conventional plates is not needed when this locking plate/screw system is used. Locking plate/screw system provides better stability than the conventional plate/screw system.

Assessment of the Efficacy of Submental Intubation in the Management of Midfacial and Panfacial Trauma Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Securing an airway in maxillofacial injuries remains a challenge and is an important objective on the part of a maxillofacial surgeon to thoroughly understand its management. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and complications of submental intubation in the management of midfacial/panfacial trauma patients where oro-endotracheal or naso-endotracheal intubation is contraindicated and tracheostomy can be avoided. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with maxillofacial injuries were selected for submental intubation who were admitted in Kamineni Hospital, Narketpally, Nalgonda during a 2 year period (2010-2012). The parameters used to assess the efficacy were; restoration of the occlusion, duration of the surgery, presence of scar, presence of infection, damage to vital structures or any post-operative salivary fistula. RESULTS: Submental intubation allowed reduction and fixation of all fractures without the interference of the tube during surgical procedure in all of the patients. There were no intra-operative complications and none of the patients required post-operative ventilation. There were no significant post-operative complications. However, in one of the cases (case 4) infection of submental wound was seen and in another case (case 11) salivary fistula was formed. Both the cases were appropriately managed without any difficulty. The submental scar was well accepted by all the patients. CONCLUSION: Submental intubation is a safe and extremely useful procedure in severe maxillofacial injuries. It presents a low incidence of operative and post operative complications. It allows both the surgeon and the anaesthetist to deliver a better quality of patient care.

Management and Treatment Outcomes of Maxillofacial Fibro-osseous Lesions: A Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: Fibro-osseous lesions are a diverse group of bone disorders and include developmental, reactive or dysplastic diseases and neoplasms. They share overlapping clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features and demonstrate a wide range of biological behaviour. AIM: To evaluate the characteristics, treatment and outcome of benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. PATIENTS AND METHOD: All patients with fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws treated at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences from 2007 to 2013 were included in this study. RESULTS: Six males and four females were treated. Juvenile ossifying fibroma was most often encountered (40 %), and the mandible was the most frequent location (70 %). Main clinical feature in most of the cases was a painless expansile swelling with facial asymmetry, and radiologically mixed (radiolucent and radiopaque lesions) were seen in majority of cases. All cases were surgically treated and histopathologically confirmed. Segmental ostectomy was performed in six cases; maxillectomy was done in one case and excision along with margin in three cases. Mean follow-up was of 3.3 years with no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Fibro-osseous lesions, although sharing similar microscopic features, exhibit a variety of clinical behavior rendering their treatment highly individualized. Radical treatment is the choice to achieve an outcome without recurrence.

Achieving the prediction results by visualized treatment objective following anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy. A retrospective study.

This study used the manual visualized treatment objectives (VTO) as a tool to evaluate the predictive value of the computer-assisted VTO. Presurgical cephalometric tracing predictions generated by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and computer-assisted VTOs were compared with the postsurgical outcome as seen on lateral cephalometric tracings. Ten measurements of the predicted and actual postsurgical hard tissue landmarks were compared statistically. A paired Student's t test showed that in nine of ten measurements, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean values of manual VTO (MVTO). Statistically significant differences were found in one of the four linear measurements (cant of upper lip P - 0.0001). For computer assisted (CAVTO) Student's t test showed that in nine of ten measurements, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean values. Statistically significant differences were found in one of the four linear measurements (nasolabial angle, P  - 0.0001). From these data, it appears that both VTOs demonstrated good predictive comparative outcome, and are equally predictive, but CAVTO is precise.

Reparative giant cell granuloma of the maxilla.

Giant cell reparative granuloma accounts for 1-7% of all benign lesions of the jaw. It often arises in the maxilla followed by mandible and affects children and young adults. It is usually a slow-growing lesion. The fast growing lesions are rare and despite the innocent histological appearance, has an aggressive behavior mimicking a malignant lesion. In the present report, the clinical features, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of an unusually large aggressive variety of reparative giant cell granuloma found in the cheek with extensions into maxilla, antrum, and infratemporal region in a 23-year-old female is described. The impact of delay in correct diagnosis on massive enlargement of the lesion, the importance of computed tomography-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of such inaccessible lesions, and the role of a general dentist in the early detection are also emphasized.