RESUMO
161Tb is an interesting radionuclide for application in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms' small metastases and single cancer cells because of its conversion and Auger-electron emission. Tb has coordination chemistry similar to that of Lu; therefore, like 177Lu, it can stably radiolabel DOTATOC, one of the leading peptides used for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, 161Tb is a recently developed radionuclide that has not yet been specified for clinical use. Therefore, the aim of the current work was to characterize and specify 161Tb and to develop a protocol for the synthesis and quality control of 161Tb-DOTATOC with a fully automated process conforming to good-manufacturing-practice guidelines, in view of its clinical use. Methods: 161Tb, produced by neutron irradiation of 160Gd in high-flux reactors followed by radiochemical separation from its target material, was characterized regarding its radionuclidic purity, chemical purity, endotoxin level, and radiochemical purity (RCP) in analogy to what is described in the European Pharmacopoeia for no-carrier-added 177Lu. In addition, 161Tb was introduced into a fully automated cassette-module synthesis to produce 161Tb-DOTATOC, as used for 177Lu-DOTATOC. The quality and stability of the produced radiopharmaceutical in terms of identity, RCP, and ethanol and endotoxin content were assessed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and an endotoxin test, respectively. Results: 161Tb produced under the described conditions showed, as the no-carrier-added 177Lu, a pH of 1-2, radionuclidic purity and RCP of more than 99.9%, and an endotoxin level below the permitted range (175 IU/mL), indicating its appropriate quality for clinical use. In addition, an efficient and robust procedure for the automated production and quality control of 161Tb-DOTATOC with clinically applicable specifications and activity levels, that is, 1.0-7.4 GBq in 20 mL, was developed. The radiopharmaceutical's quality control was also developed using chromatographic methods, which confirmed the product's stability (RCP ≥ 95%) over 24 h. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that 161Tb has appropriate features for clinical use. The developed synthesis protocol guarantees high yields and safe preparation of injectable 161Tb-DOTATOC. The investigated approach could be translated to other DOTA-derivatized peptides; thus, 161Tb could be successfully applied in clinical practice for radionuclide therapy.