Double-Heterostructured Nickel Phosphate-Phosphides as High-Activity Electrocatalyst for Ammonia Borane Electrooxidation.

The direct electrooxidation reaction of ammonia borane (ABOR) as the anodic reaction of direct ammonia borane fuel cells (DABFCs) is greatly dependent on the properties of electrocatalysts. Both the active sites and charge/mass transfer characteristics are the key to promoting the processes of kinetics and thermodynamics, which can further improve the electrocatalytic activity. Hence, the catalyst double-heterostructured Ni2 P/Ni2 P2 O7 /Ni12 P5 (d-NPO/NP) with the optimistic redistribution of electrons and active sites is prepared for the first time. The d-NPO/NP-750 catalyst obtained after pyrolysis at 750 °C shows the outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward ABOR with an onset potential of -0.329 V vs RHE which is better than all the published catalysts. The density functional theory (DFT) computations illustrate that the Ni2 P2 O7 /Ni2 P acts as the activity enhancement heterostructure with a high d-band center (-1.60 eV) and the low activation energy barrier, while the Ni2 P2 O7 /Ni12 P5 acts as the conductivity enhancement heterostructure with the highest density of valence electrons.

A signal-off photoelectrochemical sandwich-type immunosensor based on WO3/TiO2 Z-scheme heterojunction.

A sandwich "signal-off" type photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was fabricated based on a composite heterojunction of tungsten oxide/titanium oxide microspheres (WO3/TiO2) acting as signal amplification platform and carbon microspheres loaded by gold nanoparticles (Cs@Au NPs) utilized as the label for detecting antibody. WO3/TiO2 had excellent photoelectric performance, and the results of Mott-Schottky plots, open-circuit voltage, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy indicated that it belonged to the Z-scheme heterojunction transfer mechanism of photogenerated carriers. To achieve the sensitization of PEC immunosensor, Cs@Au NP-labeled immunocomplex can effectively reduce the photocurrent signal. The PEC immunosensors were fabricated under the optimal conditions of 1:1 WO3/TiO2 (molar ratio), 2.0 mg mL-1 WO3/TiO2, and 1.5 mg mL-1 Cs@Au NPs. Through comparison of the detection results of label-free and sandwich-type PEC immunosensors for nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we found that the sensitivity of the sandwich type was 2.53 times the label-free type, and the limit of detection was 0.006 ng mL-1, i.e., 3.17 times lower than the label-free type. This demonstrates that the developed sandwich-type PEC immunosensor will have a brighter application prospect.

Fe-Decorated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanospheres as an Electrochemical Sensing Platform for the Detection of Acetaminophen.

In this work, Fe-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres are prepared for electrochemical monitoring of acetaminophen. Via a direct pyrolysis of the melamine-formaldehyde resin spheres, the well-distributed Fe-NC spheres were obtained. The as-prepared Fe-NC possesses enhanced catalysis towards the redox of acetaminophen for abundant active sites and high-speed charge transfer. The effect of loading Fe species on the electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen is investigated in detail. The synergistic effect of nitrogen doping along with the above-mentioned properties is taken advantage of in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors for the acetaminophen determination. Based on the calibration plot, the limits of detection (LOD) were calculated to be 0.026 µM with a linear range from 0-100 µM. Additionally satisfactory repeatability, stability, and selectivity are obtained.

Pseudomembranous necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Pseudomembranous necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis refers to an acute diffuse necrotizing inflammation in the mucosa of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus. It often occurs in infants and children having viral infections secondary to bacterial infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen that causes pneumonia in children. In recent years, serious complications due to M. pneumoniae infection, including necrotizing pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and pleural effusion, have been increasingly reported. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old girl was admitted to our unit with cough, fever, and hoarseness persistent for a week. The results of the M. pneumoniae serological test, PCR examination with bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for BALF, all suggested the presence of M. pneumoniae infection. High-resolution CT scanning of the chest showed inflammation of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung. By bronchoscopy, the necrosis of the vocal cords, trachea, and bronchial mucosa was observed; each bronchial lumen contained a large amount of white viscous sputum. Pathological findings for bronchial mucosa suggested inflammatory necrosis. After administration of azithromycin and glucocorticoids, the symptoms of the patients were ameliorated. After 2 weeks post-discharge, the X-ray scan of her chest indicated the pneumonia resolution in the right lung. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infection, which causes obvious hoarseness, bronchoscopy is necessary even if the lung lesions are not massively consolidated. When necrotizing lesions of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are detected by bronchoscopy, the necrotic tissues in the corresponding parts should be conducted tissue biopsy for pathological examination. Apart from macrolide antibiotics, the administration of small doses of glucocorticoids is necessary.

Modulating Hydroxyl-Rich Interfaces on Nickel-Copper Double Hydroxide Nanotyres to Pre-activate Alkaline Ammonia Oxidation Reactivity.

The surface hydroxyl groups of Nix Cu1-x (OH)2 play a crucial role in governing their conversion efficiency into Nix Cu1-x Ox (OH)2-x during the electro-chemical pre-activation process, thus affecting the integral ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) reactivity. Herein, the rational design of hierarchical porous NiCu double hydroxide nanotyres (NiCu DHTs) was reported for the first time by considering hydroxyl-rich interfaces to promote pre-activation efficiency and intrinsic structural superiority (i.e., annulus, porosity) to accelerate AOR kinetics. A systematic investigation of the structure-function relationship was conducted by manipulating a series of NiCu DHs with tunable intercalations and morphologies. Remarkably, the NiCu DHTs exhibit superior AOR activity (onset potential of 1.31 V with 7.52 mA cm-2 at 1.5 V) and high ammonia sensitivity (detection limit of 9 µm), manifesting one of the best non-noble metal AOR electrocatalysts and electro-analytical electrodetectors. This work deepens the understanding of the crucial role of surface hydroxyl groups on determining the catalytic performance in alkaline medium.

CuCo2O4 Hollow Microspheres with Graphene Composite Targeting Superior Lithium-Ion Storage.

CuCo2O4, a type of promising lithium-ion storage material, exhibits high electrochemical properties in lithium-ion batteries and enormous economic benefits. However, its practical application is limited by problems such as structural collapse and electrochemical stability during the charging and discharging process. In this work, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated CuCo2O4 (CuCo2O4/rGO) hollow microspheres were successfully prepared by electrostatic self-assembly. The CuCo2O4/rGO electrode shows an outstanding capability for lithium-ion storage and a remarkable rate capacity, e.g., 445 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1. After 150 cycles at 0.1 A g-1, the reversible capacity of the CuCo2O4/rGO electrode is as high as 1080 mA h g-1, and it can still retain about 530 mA h g-1 in the 400th cycle at 1 A g-1. The hollow microspheres with mesoporous shells can cause electrolyte penetration into the spherical shell to effectively shorten the transfer distance of lithium ions, and the encapsulation of graphene improves the conductivity and stability of CuCo2O4, which endows CuCo2O4/rGO with a wonderful Li+ storage performance. It is proved that this is an efficient method to improve the electrochemical performance of metal compounds for better applications in energy storage.

Synthesis of MnO-Sn cubes embedding in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers with high lithium-ion storage performance.

In this paper, a carbon nanofiber (CNF) hybrid nanomaterial composed of MnO-Sn cubes embedding in nitrogen-doped CNF (MnO-Sn@CNF) is synthesized through electrospinning and post-thermal reduction processes. It exhibits good electrochemical lithium-ion storage performance as the anode, such as high reversible capacity, outstanding cycle performance (754 mAh g-1at 1 A g-1after 1000 cycles), and good rate capability (447 mAh g-1at 5 A g-1). The excellent electrochemical properties are derived from a unique nanostructure design. MnO-Sn@CNF has a three-dimensional conductive network with a stable core-shell structure, which improves the electrical conductivity and mechanical stability of the materials. In addition, the mesopores on the surface of carbon fibers can shorten the diffusion distance of lithium ions and promote the combination of active sites of the material with lithium ions. The internal MnO and Sn form a heterostructure, which enhances the stability of the physical structure of the electrode material. This material design method provides a reference strategy for the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries anode.

MCC950, a NLRP3 inhibitor, ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in mice.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ARDS/COPD) is a diffuse inflammatory injury of the lung that is characterized by respiratory distress and vascular leakage and is caused by various factors. Although the treatment strategy for ARDS/COPD continues to be improved, it still lacks effective drugs. MCC950 is a potent and selective inhibitor ofthe nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like-receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. However, there have been no reports on the effects of MCC950 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation in mice. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of MCC950 (given either intranasally or intraperitoneally) on inhibiting LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice. Acute lung inflammation was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS in ICR mice. The results showed that MCC950 at 50 mg/kg efficiently suppressed neutrophil lymphocytes (p < 0.001) and macrophage accumulation (p < 0.01) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in LPS-instilled mice. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed that MCC950 at 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited pathological progress in the lung tissues (p < 0.01). Furthermore, treatment with MCC950 substantially reduced mRNA expression of IL-1ß, IL-8, TGF-ß1, and MMP-9 and also reduced protein levels of IL-1ß, IL-18 and caspase-1 at 24 h after LPS instillation. The results of the present study indicate that MCC950 effectively inhibits LPS-induced lung inflammation in vivo, which can be considered for clinical translation.

The synthesis and modification of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots for reversible detection of water-soluble phosphonate-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid by fluorescence spectroscopy.

Photoluminescent (PL) carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared successfully using a facile and green procedure. They exhibited striking blue fluorescence and excellent optical properties, with a quantum yield as high as 61.44%. Due to the fluorescence quenching effect and the stronger complexing ability of the phosphoric acid group of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) to Fe3+ , CQDs doped with Fe3+ were adequately constructed as an efficient and sensitive fluorescent probe for HEDP-specific sensing. The proposed fluorescent probe had a sensitive and rapid response in the range 5-70 µM. Furthermore, quantitative molecular surface (QMS) analysis based on the Multiwfn program was applied to explore the complexation mode of HEDP and metal ions. The distribution of electrostatic potential (ESP), average local ionization energy (ALIE), the minimum value points and the position of the lone pair electrons on the surface of molecular van der Waals were further determined. More strikingly, this experiment achieved the quantitative detection of water-soluble phosphonate-HEDP, for the first time using fluorescence spectrometry. It has been proved to be an effective and intuitive sensing method for the detection of HEDP in real samples.

The association between body mass index and varicocele: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, several studies have found that obesity had a protective effect against varicocele, but no meta-analysis has confirmed this finding. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and varicocele. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched for studies in PubMed, Science Direct and the Cochrane Library from inception until February 2018. The association between BMI and varicocele was assessed by pooling the odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: Eleven eligible studies with a total study population of 1.376.658 participants were included in our analysis. According to BMI, the subjects were defined as belonging to the obese, overweight and underweight groups. Our results showed that the obese group had a lower risk of varicocele when compared with the normal weight group (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.37-0.58). Additionally, an overweight BMI had a protective effect against varicocele (OR 0.70, 95% CIs, 0.56-0.86). However, underweight patients had a more than 30% higher risk of varicocele (OR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.04-1.64). Furthermore, there was no publication bias in any of the analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that BMI is negatively associated with the presence of varicocele.

The single/co-adsorption characteristics and microscopic adsorption mechanism of biochar-montmorillonite composite adsorbent for pharmaceutical emerging organic contaminant atenolol and lead ions.

An eco-friendly corncob biochar based montmorillonite composite (Cc-Mt) was synthesized for the single adsorption and co-adsorption of lead (Pb(II)) and a pharmaceutical emerging organic contaminant Atenolol (ATE). In single adsorption system, the maximum equilibrium capacity of Cc-Mt for Pb (II) and ATE were 139.78 mg g-1 and 86.86 mg g-1, respectively, but for montmorillonite just 98.69 mg g-1 and 69.68 mg g-1, for corncob biochar just 117.54 mg g-1 and 47.29 mg g-1. Meanwhile,co-adsorption properties of ATE and Pb(II) on Cc-Mt composite were performed and found that the influence of ATE on the adsorption of Pb(II) was greater than the effect of Pb(II) on that of ATE. Moreover, Multiwfn program based on quantum chemical calculation was used to quantitatively analyze electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution, average local ionization energy (ALIE) distribution and their minimum points on neutral ATE and protonated ATE (PATE) molecules to reveal the microscopic adsorption mechanism of Cc-Mt composite to ATE, the results showed that the amino N and amide oxygen atom were easier to provide lone pair of electrons, generating hydrogen bonds or strong electrostatic interactions with functional groups on the surface of Cc-Mt, meanwhile hydroxyl O atom was also a possible reaction site. For PATE molecules, only the oxygen atom of the amide group was the most likely reactive site.

The synergistic effect and microscopic mechanism of co-adsorption of three emerging contaminants and copper ion on gemini surfactant modified montmorillonite.

Montmorillonite (G-Mt) modified by a gemini quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant (Propyl bis (hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium) chloride, 16-3-16) was used to remove emerging contaminants (ECs) (such as 1H-Benzotriazole (BTA), 5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole (TTA) and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT)) and Cu2+ from wastewater. Based on the adsorption of the above three ECs in our previous studies, single adsorption of Cu2+ and the simultaneous adsorption of three ECs with Cu2+ on G-Mt were also investigated. G-Mt showed much lower adsorption amount on Cu2+ comparing with original montmorillonite (Ca-Mt) in single adsorption system due to the difficulty of ion-exchange property of G-Mt. In co-adsorption system, three organic pollutants and Cu2+ played a synergistic effect and the adsorption capacity of G-Mt on them increased, the influence sequence of Cu2+ on the adsorption of three ECs or the effect of ECs on the adsorption of Cu2+ both followed as: TTA > BTA > HOBT. The results of FT-IR, EDS and XPS revealed that the complex of Cu2+ and ECs were adsorbed onto G-Mt via forming complexes and hydrophobic interaction in co-adsorption system. The pH experiment showed that the optimum pH of the co-adsorption of ECs and Cu2+ on G-Mt was 5. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that three ECs or ECs combining with Cu2+ were dominantly adsorbed in the interlayer space of G-Mt, which resulted in the arrangement manner of 16-3-16 between the layer of G-Mt before and after adsorption of three organic pollutants was different. Furthermore, by quantitatively analyzing electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution, average local ionization energy (ALIE) distribution and their minimum points on three ECs molecules surfaces, Multiwfn program has been applied to probe the microscopic mechanism. The synergistic effect of co-adsorption will promote enrichment of copper ions and ECs to remove them more efficiently in polluted waters.

Sensitization of TiO2 nanosheets with Cu-biphenylamine framework to enhance photocatalytic degradation performance of toxic organic contaminants: synthesis, mechanism and kinetic studies.

TNS/Cu(X) composite materials were firstly synthesized via simple overnight stirring of TNS in the methanolic solution of Cu complexes. The developed TNS/Cu(X) composites had a well-designed nanostructure, in which the TNS and Cu complexes were closely bounded with each other. The biphenylamine complexes fixed on the TNS surface in form of nanocapsules, which were confirmed by TEM and SEM, thus improving the surface area and subsequently charge separation. Innovatively merged photocatalysts of Cu complexes with TNS were successfully verified for photocatalytic mineralization of colored and colorless organic contaminants under the visible light degradation. As compared to original TNS, TNS/Cu(BA) showed prominent improvement in the catalytic actions. Kinetics i.e. t 1/2 (half-life times period), K app, and R 2 (linear regression co-efficient) were also studied. The amended materials created charge separation, by means of electrons gathering at the higher CB, and holes gathering at the lower level valence band of the Cu complex, therefore improving mineralization efficiency of the electrons and holes. TNS/Cu(BA) degrade 99%-99.6% of methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes at 120 min, and 160 min, respectively, and 68% of phenol and 53% of TCP were destroyed in 180 min. The resilient holes can directly destroy MO, RhB, phenol, and TCP.

Nickel cobaltite nanosheets strongly anchored on boron and nitrogen co-doped graphene for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.

Strongly coupled boron and nitrogen co-doped graphene (BN-G) hybrids with nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanosheets (NCO/BN-G) were fabricated by a facile soft-chemical method for asymmetric supercapacitors with high-performance. The strong interaction between BN-G and NiCo2O4 nanosheets are explored by various techniques. The effect of heteroatom doping on electrochemical properties of the hybrids is systematically investigated. The strong synergistic effect between NiCo2O4 and BN-G leads to a specific capacitance of 106.5 mA h g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A g-1 and capacitance retention of 96.8% after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g-1, much better than those of the pure NiCo2O4 and its hybrid with N-doped graphene. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor device, assembled with NCO/BN-G and activated carbon (NCO/BN-G//AC), exhibits a maximum energy density of 45.6 Wh kg-1 and an excellent cycling stability. The improved electrochemical performance of the NCO/BN-G hybrid is attributed to the good conductivity of BN-G and the synergistic effect between NiCo2O4 nanosheets and BN-G combined together through a plane-to-plane contact mode.

Determination of trace uric acid in serum using porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a fluorescent probe.

Porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared by a one-step acid etching and ultrasonication process. It is found that the strong blue fluorescence of g-C3N4 (with excitation/emission maxima at 320/400 nm) is fairly selectively quenched by uric acid (UA). The morphology and chemical structure of the nanoporous g-C3N4 were characterized by XRD, TEM and FTIR. Quenching studies and Stern-Volmer plots reveal two UA concentration ranges of different quenching efficiency. The first extends from 50 to 500 nM, the other from 0.5 to 10 µM. The limit of detection is 8.4 nM. The two quenching processes are attributed to both dynamic and static quenching. The porous g-C3N4 probes were applied to the determination of UA in (spiked) human serum and human plasma, and the results were as good as those obtained with UA standard solutions. These data illustrate that g-C3N4 can be used to selectively and sensitively quantify trace levels of UA even in a complex environment. Graphical abstract Porous graphite nitride carbon (g-C3N4) is shown to be a viable fluorescent probe for uric acid (UA) via both dynamic and static quenching. The electron transfer of carbon nitride is represented by the arrows; hν is the incident light; PL is the fluorescence emission.

Well-Combined Magnetically Separable Hybrid Cobalt Ferrite/Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as Efficient Catalyst with Superior Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Catalysts with low-cost, high activity and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are extremely desirable, but its development still remains a great challenge. Here, a novel magnetically separable hybrid of multimetal oxide, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), anchored on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (CoFe2O4/NG) is prepared via a facile solvothermal method followed by calcination at 500 °C. The structure of CoFe2O4/NG and the interaction of both components are analyzed by several techniques. The possible formation of Co/Fe-N interaction in the CoFe2O4/NG catalyst is found. As a result, the well-combination of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with NG and its improved crystallinity lead to a synergistic and efficient catalyst with high performance to ORR through a four-electron-transfer process in alkaline medium. The CoFe2O4/NG exhibits particularly comparable catalytic activity as commercial Pt/C catalyst, and superior stability against methanol oxidation and CO poisoning. Meanwhile, it has been proved that both nitrogen doping and the spinel structure of CoFe2O4 can have a significant contribution to the catalytic activity by contrast experiments. Multimetal oxide hybrid demonstrates better catalysis to ORR than a single metal oxide hybrid. All results make the low-cost and magnetically separable CoFe2O4/NG a promising alternative for costly platinum-based ORR catalyst in fuel cells and metal-air batteries.

Prediction of crystal morphology of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine in the solvent medium by computer simulation: a case of cyclohexanone solvent.

The crystal morphology of the energetic material cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (also known as RDX) influenced by the solvent effect was investigated via molecular dynamics simulation. The modified attachment energy (MAE) model was established by incorporating the growth parameter-solvent term. The adsorption interface models were used to study the adsorption interactions between solvent and RDX surfaces. The RDX crystal morphology grown from the cyclohexanone (CYC) solvent as a case investigation was calculated by the MAE model. The calculation results indicated that, due to the effect of CYC solvent, (210) and (111) faces had the greatest morphological importance on the final RDX crystal, while the morphological importance of (020), (002), and (200) faces were reduced. The predicted RDX morphology was in reasonable agreement with the observed experiment result.

A study on ecohydrological mutual feedback relationship of the Shangdong River basin based on hydrological connectivity.

Investigating eco-hydrology in desert grasslands is pivotal to comprehend the dynamic evolution patterns of vegetation. Nonetheless, a research void persists in understanding the eco-hydrological mutual feedback mechanisms associated with hydrological connectivity and the corresponding health index evaluation of a small watershed. This study is centered on the Shangdong River watershed in Inner Mongolia and uses SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to simulate hydrological processes. The hydrological connectivity index (IC) was employed as a link to conduct Pearson correlation analysis and Granger causality tests on ecological and meteorological-hydrological factors. Additionally, the PSR model was utilized to assess the ecological health status of the watershed. Key findings reveal the following: (1) The NDVI in the Shangdong River watershed showed an overall upward trend from 2007 to 2018, while IC exhibited an overall downward trend. Temporally and spatially, there was a significant negative correlation between IC and NDVI. (2) During the vegetation growth season, IC serves as a pivotal link in the feedback loop of eco-hydrological processes. Temperature drives vegetation growth, which in turn affects IC. IC regulates soil moisture content and evaporation, further influencing vegetation growth, thus forming a feedback mechanism. (3) Over the study period, the Grassland Health Composite Index (GHI) demonstrated a consistent rise, averaging 0.44, signaling a suboptimal state for the grassland ecosystem. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between GHI and IC. Consequently, regulating IC could play a crucial role in safeguarding and rejuvenating the grassland ecosystem. This study offers theoretical and data support for understanding eco-hydrological processes and effective pasture management of the desert grassland watershed.

Optimizing concentration and interaction mechanism of Demodesmus sp. and Achromobacter pulmonis sp. consortium to evaluate their potential for dibutyl phthalate removal from synthetic wastewater.

A green approach of Desmodesmus sp. to Achromobacter pulmonis (1:1) coculture ratios was optimized to improve the removal efficiency of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) from simulated wastewater. High DBP resistance bacterial strains and microalgae was optimized from plastic contaminated water and acclimation process respectively. The influence of various factors on DBP removal performance was comprehensively investigated. Highest DBP removal 93 % was recorded, when the ratios algae-bacteria 1:1, with sodium acetate, pH-6, shaking speed-120 rpm and lighting periods L:D-12:12. Enough nutrient (TN/TP/TOC) availability and higher protein-108 mg/L and sugar-40 mg/L were observed in presences of 50 mg/L DBP. The degradation and sorption were calculated 81,12; 27,39 & 43,12 % in algae-bacteria, only algae and only bacteria system respectively. The degradation kinetics t1/2 3.74,22.15,12.86 days were evaluated, confirming that algae-bacteria effectively degrade the DBP. This outcome leading to promote a green sustainable approach to remove the emerging contamination from wastewater.

Plastic bronchitis associated with human bocavirus 1 infection in children.

BACKGROUND: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a clinical-pathological syndrome characterized by the abnormal accumulation of endogenous substances in the bronchial airways, causing partial or complete obstruction and resulting in impaired lung ventilation. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, we aim to summarize the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches to enhance clinicians' ability to detect children who are infected with human bocavirus 1 (hBoV 1) and develop PB. RESULTS: In the period from January 2021 to January 2024, a total of six hBoV 1 infection children were diagnosed with PB through bronchoscopy. The onset of the condition was mainly concentrated between June and December. The detection methods used included metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen identification (three cases) and respiratory pathogen nucleic acid 13-plex detection (oropharyngeal swab) (three cases), both of which confirmed the presence of hBoV 1. Out of the six children with PB, two were girls and four were boys. Their ages ranged from 10 months to 4 years old. Common symptoms reported by all patients included fever, cough, and wheezing. Chest high-resolution computed tomography scans revealed atelectasis in six cases, in addition to pneumonia. After the removal of the plastic bronchi via bronchoscopy, the airway obstruction symptoms in the children were relieved, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. Pathological findings indicated cellulose exudation and inflammatory cell infiltration, consistent with nonlymphatic PB. CONCLUSION: When children infected with hBoV 1 exhibit persistent or worsening symptoms such as cough, fever, and wheezing despite treatment, clinicians should remain highly vigilant for the potential occurrence of PB. Bronchoscopy plays a crucial role not only in diagnosing the presence of a plastic bronchus but also in effectively treating PB.