[Change in the production of key cytokines for regulation eosinophilic granulocytes in Opisthorchis felineus invasion].

Opisthorchis invasion is accompanied by the imbalanced lymphocytic subpopulational composition manifested itself as induction of the B-link and, on the contrary, depression of T-lymphocytic populations (CD4+, CD8+), with their weaker helper-suppressor association. The immunocompetent cells were ascertained to show a higher production of TH2 cytokines that had an eosinophil-stumulating effect.

[Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) infections in population of some regions of the Ob River Basin].

The incidence of Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) infections among people living in several regions of the Ob River basin in the West Siberia has been assesed in this work. Our results suggest that Metorchis bilis infection was common in many of the serologically tested people. Moreover, this helminth was obtained from the biliary ducts of humans in autopsy.

[Immunopathogenetic features of tick-borne encephalitis under long-term viral antigenemia].

The occurrence of chronic tick-borne encephalitis viral antigenemia characterized by the asymptomatic course or minimal clinical manifestations is caused by the virus-immune cell interaction. Cellular immunity was studied in 183 patients with chronic (more than 6-month) tick-borne encephalitis viral antigenemia, by evaluating the immunophenotypic and cytogenetic statuses, structural and functional features, cytokine profile, and peripheral lymphocytic apoptosis. The findings suggest impairments in the cooperation of immunocompetent cells and in the classical scheme of antiviral immunity regulation in tick-borne encephalitis viral persistence due to the changes in lymphocytic structural and functional properties.

[Functional status of peripheral blood monocyte in patients with Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis accompanied by opisthorchiasis].

The characteristics of the functional status of peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages in patients with Ixodes tick-borne acute borreliosis accompanied by opisthorchiasis invasion were studied. The study revealed a decrease in the phagocytic activity of monocytes and in the level of expression of cell receptors Fcgamma with the expression of cell receptors C3beta being normal.

[Accumulation of some toxic microelements in liver tissue and helminthes obtained from patients with Opisthorhis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) invasion].

According to some available reports, it is known that there may be an increased accumulation of some micronutrients in the samples of hair and blood. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the general regularities of accumulation of micronutrients in the samples of liver tissue and helminthic bodies obtained from patients with opisthorchiasis who lived in Tomsk and who had different etiological types of Opisthorchis (O. felineus) and Metorchis (M. bilis). The fact that M. bilis helminthes were present in 15 of 22 liver samples was verified by polymerase chain reaction. As compared with healthy individuals, patients with Opisthorchis invasion (particularly those with mixed Opisthorchis and Metorchis invasion) were found to have an increased liver tissue accumulation of chromium, mercury, cesium, lanthanum, and cobalt.

The analysis of some indices of immune response, DNA repair, and micronuclei content in cells from tick-borne encephalitis patients.

Patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) had higher counts of red blood cells (RBC) with micronuclei. The majority of patients revealed decreased capacity of blood lymphoid cells for DNA repair except those with a 2-wave pattern of the course of disease; in the latter, the DNA repair was significantly higher than in healthy donors. Patients with TBE revealed lower T-lymphocyte counts due to a decrease in the amount of T-helper cells (the level of T-suppressors was elevated). The intensity of antibody production against TBE virus was significantly enhanced by termination of disease in the majority of patients. The count of natural killer cells was decreased, particularly at the initial stage of disease. At the time of admission to hospital the counts of RBC with micronuclei and of T-helper cells were in reverse proportion. At the terminal stage of disease the same correlation was noted between RBC counts with micronuclei and the antibody level. At the onset of disease a direct correlation was noted between DNA repair and B-lymphocyte and T-helper counts. At the final stage of disease the reverse correlation between the activity of DNA-repair systems and T-suppressor counts was registered. Three months after discharge from hospital, the indices of micronuclear test, natural killer cell activity, and DNA repair returned to normal.

[The vital activities of enterobacteria in an aqueous medium in the absence of sources of organic nutrition]. / O zhiznedeiatel'nosti énterobakterii v vodnoi srede pri otsutstvii istochnikov organicheskogo pitaniia.

Heterotrophic bacteria were found to be capable of proliferation in physiological saline and distilled water. In 1988-1989 experimental studies were made with a view to establish the role of the gaseous phase of atmospheric air and the products of the autolysis of dead bacteria as the sources of organic nutrition. The studies revealed that the complete removal of atmospheric air from vials with bacterial suspension completely stopped the stimulation of reproduction. In vials with a higher concentration of dead bacterial bodies the proliferation rate was 2- to 400-fold (on the average, 118-fold) higher. The products of the autolysis of bacterial bodies proved to be of no importance as an independent source of organic nutrition for heterotrophic bacteria. The mechanism of the assimilation of autolysis products is "switched on" by biologically active geomagnetic disturbances. The mechanisms of the increase of bacterial biomass remain unclear.

[Cellular and humoral immunity and nonspecific resistance factors in chronic opisthorchiasis patients during dispensary observation]. / Sostoianie kletochnogo i gumoral'nogo immuniteta i nekotorykh faktorov nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti u bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom v periode dispansernogo nabliudeniia.

In 116 patients with opisthorchiasis running a cholecystocholangitic variant of the disease course, the characteristics of nonspecific resistance (complement, lysozyme, properdin), cell-mediated and humoral immunity (T- and B-lymphocytes, T gamma-, T mu-, O-, D-, A-cells and auto-rosette-forming cells, IgG, IgA and IgM) have been studied. Essential changes in these characteristics before and after treatment, as well as at the remote periods of dispensary observation, have been established.

[The immune status of patients with tick-borne encephalitis studied by using an immune reagent kit for the determination of human lymphocyte subpopulations]. / Izuchenie immunnogo statusa bol'nykh kleshchevym éntsefalitom s pomoshch'iu nabora immunoreagnetov dlia opredeleniia subpopuliatsii limfotsitov cheloveka.

The comparative study of disturbances in the immune status of patients with different clinical forms of tick-borne encephalitis has revealed that in the severe (meningeal) form of the disease more pronounced imbalance in the immune system develops, especially with respect to immunoregulatory subpopulations of T-lymphocytes. This seems to be the cause of delayed activation of immune processes in this group of patients in comparison to those having an aborted course of the disease.

[Functional information model of the normal immune status and in pathology]. / Informatsionno-funktsional'naia model' immunnogo statusa v norme i pri patologii.

The informative logical analysis has been used as the basis for the construction of the functional models of the immune status in the form of logical formulae. In these models the character of interrelations between immunocompetent cells in health and disease is reflected. Such models make it possible to substantiate the necessity, as well as the differentiated methods, of the correction of disturbances in the immune status, depending on the nature of the pathological case.

[The structure of immunoregulatory cells as a reflection of their interaction in infectious diseases]. / Struktura immunoreguliatornykh kletok kak otrazhenie ikh vzaimodeistviia pri infektsionnykh zabolevaniiakh.

Analysis of the structure of immunoregulatory cells (IRC) as the reflection of cell interaction in healthy persons and in patients with typhoid fever, tick-borne encephalitis, or chronic opisthorchiasis has shown that the characteristics under study (information entropy, structural information, the coefficient of ecological-genetic correspondence) are highly sensitive and specific, which makes it possible to use them quite effectively for differentiating health from disease and for identifying this disease. The study of IRC structure as the reflection of cell interrelations helps evaluate the changes in the organization of IRC system as a whole in different infectious diseases.

[Iodoantipyrine--an agent for treating and preventing tick-borne encephalitis]. / Iodantipirin--sredstvo dlia lecheniia i profilaktiki kleshchevogo éntsefalita.

The antiviral activity of iodantipyrine was studied in outbred [correction of inbred] albino mice (weight 10-12 g) infected with the Absettarov strain of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Iodantipyrine was administered per os or parenterally and the animals were observed for 21 days. A reliable therapeutic effect was produced in 60% of mice infected with 10 DL50 of tick-borne encephalitis virus which were given the drug per os in a dose of 50 mg/kg. Preventive administration of the drug was effective in 47% of the animals.

[The effect of Opisthorchis invasion on the clinical course and outcome of abdominal typhoid. Indicators of non-specific resistance and phagocytosis in patients with abdominal typhoid combined with chronic opisthorchiasis]. / Vliianie invazii opistorkhisami na klinicheskoe techenie i iskhod briushnogo tifa. Pikazateli nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti i fagotsitoz pri bruishnom tife na fone khronicheskogo opistorkhoza.

A number of non-specific resistance indices (complement, properdin, lysozyme, bactericidal activity of blood serum, phagocytosis indices) in Opisthorchis-invaded abdominal typhoid patients as well as in acute and chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi was inferior to those of uninvaded patients (with the exception of bactericidal index). Complete recovery from opisthorchiasis stimulated the cessation of S. typhi elimination and increase in the level of some non-specific resistance factors.

[Cross-reacting antigens of Opisthorchis felineus and Salmonella typhi and their possible effect on the clinical course of typhoid fever]. / Perekrestno reagiruiushchie antigeny Opisthorchis felineus i Salmonella typhi i ikh vozmozhnoe vliianie na klinicheskoe techenie briushnogo tifa.

The experiments on rabbits immunized with a complex O. felineus antigen and spirit abdominal typhoid vaccine enriched with Vi-antigen, as well as studies on patients with chronic opisthorchiasis and bacterial carriers of S. typhi have established the presence of cross-reacting antigens in abdominal typhoid and opisthorchiasis pathogens. It is suggested that these antigens play an essential role in the development and outcome of abdominal typhoid secondary to chronic opisthorchiasis invasion.

[The effect of the anthelmintics biltricide and chloxyl on the level of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis]. / Vliianie antigel'mintikov bil'tritsida i khloksila na uroven' kletochnogo i gumoral'nogo immuniteta u bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom.

The effect of two anthelmintics--biltricide and chloxyl--on the immune status has been compared in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis. It has been established that in using chloxyl there is a more marked and persistent imbalance of immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subpopulations (T mu-helpers-inducers and T gamma-suppressors-effectors).

[The insulin, C-peptide and glucagon content of the blood of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis]. / Soderzhanie insulina, C-peptida i gliukagona v krovi bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom.

Insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the blood of 42 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis and 27 healthy subjects. An insignificant decrease in insulin levels and a drastic decrease in C-peptide and glucagon levels have been established.

[The hypophyseo-thyroid system in psoriatic arthritis combined with chronic opisthorchiasis]. / Gipofizarno-tireoidnaia sistema pri psoriaticheskom artrite na fone khronicheskogo opistorkhoza.

Paper presents the data on the content of hypophysial-thyroid and hypophysial-adrenal systems' hormones obtained by means of radioimmune assay, and the data of timecourse hepatoscintibiligraphy with Tc 99 m TCK-15 of 94 patients (first group--48 patients with psoriatic arthiritis combined with chronic opisthorchiasis; second group--46 pure psoriatic arthritis patients). Statistically significant increase in the content of triiodinethyronine, thyroxine, hypophysial thyreotropic hormone, corticotropic hormone and significant reduction of cortizol and aldosteron contents were observed in case of mixed pathology. Thyroid hormones' level was directly connected with hepatic and gallbladder disfunctions. The above-mentioned changes belong to pathogenetic mixed-pathology factors which should be taken into account in elaboration of best treatment methods.

[The effect of various factors on the immune status of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis. 2. Changes in immunologic indices in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis undergoing chloxyl treatment for various lengths of time]. / Vliianie razlichnykh faktorov na immunnyi status bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom. Soobshchenie 2. Izmeneniia immunologicheskikh pokazatelei u bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom s razlichnoi kratnost'iu lecheniia khloksilom.

Most immunological characteristics became practically normal 7-9 months after a single chloxyl treatment course in patients with chronic cholecystocholangitic opisthorchiasis. The patients who required repeated chemotherapy showed more profound and steady immune disturbances.

[The function of the hypophyseal-thyroid system in chronic opisthorchiasis and its combination with the Salmonella typhi carrier state]. / Sostoianie gipofizarno-tireoidnoi sistemy pri khronicheskom opistorkhoze i ego sochetanii s nositel'stvom Salmonella typhi.

The hormonal function of the hypophysis and thyroid (TTG, T3, T4) and its dependence on hepatobiliary function, examined by hepatobiliscintigraphy, were studied by radioimmunoassay in 71 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis and in 18 chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi. in both groups. The decrease of T3 and T4 in the presence of normal TTG level was found. The imbalance of thyroid hormones activity is likely to be associated with hepatobiliary dysfunction. In chronic opisthorchiasis the hormonal disturbance may be one of the factors favouring the S. typhi carriership.

[Enzyme immunoassay in diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. Communication 2. Enzyme immunoassay test system for diagnosis of acute opisthorchiasis]. / Immunofermentnyi analiz v diagnostike opistorkhoza. Soobshchenie 2. Kharakteristika immunofermentnoi test-sistemy dlia diagnostiki ostrogo opistorkhoza.

A standard, highly specific and sensitive enzyme immunoassay test system has been developed for the diagnosis of acute opisthorchiasis, which is based on indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for determination IgM antibodies to the antigen derived from Opisthorchis felineus marita extracts. The sensitivity of the test system is 87%, its specificity is 96.8%.