Shape-programmable magneto-active elastomer composites for curve and biomimetic behavior imitation.

A programming methodology, which can be applied to soft-magnetic-material-based magneto-active elastomers (MAEs), to catch the predefined specific objective curves is proposed in this study. The objective curves have been equally separated into a couple of segments, which will be filled by the designed MAE elements. Furthermore, the designed MAE segments with different chain angles, in which the deformation orientation of each element under applied homogeneous magnetic fields has been investigated based on the designed experimental setup, are arrayed based on the proposed programming methodology to constitute the MAE composite to catch the orientation of the objective curve. The experimental results show that based on the proposed programming methodology, the MAE composites can describe different curves, which include harmonic, tangential and arc tangential functions under applied homogeneous magnetic fields with good agreement. Furthermore, on the basis of the proposed programming methodology, the MAE composites are utilized to mimic the typical biomimetic behavior (the peeking-up behavior of snakes and the flapping behavior of birds) with smooth curvature properties, in which the dynamic procedures present continuous curves.

Bio-inspired magnetic-driven folded diaphragm for biomimetic robot.

Functional soft materials, exhibiting multiple types of deformation, have shown their potential/abilities to achieve complicated biomimetic behaviors (soft robots). Inspired by the locomotion of earthworm, which is conducted through the contraction and stretching between body segments, this study proposes a type of one-piece-mold folded diaphragm, consisting of the structure of body segments with radial magnetization property, to achieve large 3D and bi-directional deformation with inside-volume change capability subjected to the low homogeneous magnetically driving field (40 mT). Moreover, the appearance based on the proposed magnetic-driven folded diaphragm is able to be easily customized to desired ones and then implanted into different untethered soft robotic systems as soft drivers. To verify the above points, we design the diaphragm pump providing unique properties of lightweight, powerful output and rapid response, and the soft robot including the bio-earthworm crawling robot and swimming robot inspired by squid to exhibit the flexible and rapid locomotion excited by single homogeneous magnetic fields.

A pyroptosis-related gene signature provides an alternative for predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant neoplasm with limited treatment options and poor outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need to find sensitive biomarkers for HCC. METHODS: Gene expression and clinicopathological information were obtained from public databases, based on which a pyroptosis-related gene signature was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. The applicability of the signature was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier curve and time-dependent ROC curve. TIMER, QUANTISEQ, MCPCOUNTER, EPIC, CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE were employed to assess the immune status. Comparisons between groups were analyzed with Wilcoxon test. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were adopted for linear correlation analysis. Genetic knockdown was conducted using siRNA transfection and the mRNA expression levels of interest genes were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Finally, protein levels in 10 paired tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from HCC patients were measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: A pyroptosis-related gene signature was established successfully to calculate independent prognostic risk scores. It was found that survival outcomes varied significantly between different risk groups. In addition, an attenuated antitumor immune response was found in the high-risk group. Meanwhile, multiple immune checkpoints were up-regulated in high-risk score patients. Cell cycle-related genes, angiogenesis-related genes and tumor drug resistance genes were also markedly elevated. Knockdown of prognostic genes in the signature significantly inhibited the expression of immune checkpoint genes and angiogenesis-related genes. Besides, each prognostic gene was expressed at a higher level in HCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully established a novel pyroptosis-related gene signature which could help predict the overall survival and assess the immune status of HCC patients.

Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patients with Concussion in Clinical Emergency.

Concussion syndrome is a common disease in neurosurgery, and its incidence ranks first among all traumatic brain injuries. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the most common functional impairments in concussion syndrome. Neuroimaging and content assessments on concussion patients and healthy control subjects are used in this study, which uses MRI technology to evaluate brain pictures of concussion patients. Moreover, this paper separately evaluates the scores of the concussion syndrome group and the healthy control group in multiple functional aspects and performs independent sample t-test after statistics of the two scores. In addition, this paper uses resting-state fMRI to study the changes in the functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal lobe in patients with PCS, which has certain significance in revealing cognitive dysfunction after concussion and has a certain effect on improving the clinical emergency diagnosis and treatment of concussion.

Machine Learning Classification of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Whole-Brain Functional Activity: A Radiomics Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the classification performance of support vector machine in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from normal controls. METHODS: Twenty-four mTBI patients (15 males and 9 females; mean age, 38.88 ± 13.33 years) and 24 age and sex-matched normal controls (13 males and 11 females; mean age, 40.46 ± 11.4 years) underwent resting-state functional MRI examination. Seven imaging parameters, including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), long-range functional connectivity density (FCD), and short-range FCD, were entered into the classification model to distinguish the mTBI from normal controls. RESULTS: The ability for any single imaging parameters to distinguish the two groups is lower than multiparameter combinations. The combination of ALFF, fALFF, DC, VMHC, and short-range FCD showed the best classification performance for distinguishing the two groups with optimal AUC value of 0.778, accuracy rate of 81.11%, sensitivity of 88%, and specificity of 75%. The brain regions with the highest contributions to this classification mainly include bilateral cerebellum, left orbitofrontal cortex, left cuneus, left temporal pole, right inferior occipital cortex, bilateral parietal lobe, and left supplementary motor area. CONCLUSIONS: Multiparameter combinations could improve the classification performance of mTBI from normal controls by using the brain regions associated with emotion and cognition.

Magnetoactive Soft Drivers with Radial-Chain Iron Microparticles.

Magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs), one kind of typical novel magnetoactive driver applied in the soft robotic area, have become one of the research hotspots as they can provide biologically friendly driving methods with safe, preprogrammed, and easy-to-implement properties. In this study, novel MAEs embedding soft magnetic iron microparticles with radial chains, which can be molded in one piece, achieve 3D deformation, and co-work between multiple MAEs under single homogeneous stimuli, are proposed. Then, two kinds of novel magnetoactive drivers are established based on the proposed MAEs, which can achieve the synchronous pumping behavior of heart and the extension behavior of muscle under applied homogeneous magnetic fields. The experimental data show that (1) for the pumping behavior, the maximum instantaneous flow rate and total pumping volume can reach 200.1 and 52.3 mL/min, respectively, under 120 BPM applied harmonic magnetic field with 0-300 mT amplitude; (2) the muscle extension behavior can achieve a strain of 0.925 without a loading mass and carry a load of 40 times its own weight with a pronounced dynamic movement. It should be emphasized that the behavior of the proposed magnetoactive drivers can be excited by remote homogeneous magnetic fields, and it has great application potential in biomimetic or bioinspired soft driving systems.

Serum microRNA-125a-5p, a useful biomarker in liver diseases, correlates with disease progression.

It has been demonstrated that liver microRNA-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p) is correlated with disease progression in different liver diseases, including liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study investigated whether serum miR-125a-5p correlated with the progression of different liver diseases. Serum samples were obtained from healthy individuals, patients with chronic hepatitis B who had undergone a liver biopsy, and patients with HCC and were analyzed for the levels of miR-125a-5p. Compared with the healthy controls, the serum levels of miR-125a-5p were significantly higher in the liver fibrosis serum, and were reduced in HCC. With the development of liver fibrosis, there was a significant increase in the expression of miR-125a-5p (P<0.05). In comparing histological activity index (HAI) scores, higher expression levels of miR125a-5p were observed in the high HAI score group (P<0.05). Furthermore, correlation between serum miR-125a-5p and viral replication (P<0.001) was observed. Notably, miR-125a-5p demonstrated significant correlation with other markers in the liver fibrosis group (P<0.001). In the patients with HCC, lower serum levels of miR-125a-5p were correlated with a poor prognosis, determined by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis (P=0.009). In the liver fibrosis and HCC groups, different expression levels of serum miR-125a-5p were observed, and were correlated with disease progression. The results of the present study suggested that serum miR-125a-5p may be used as a non-invasive biomarker for monitoring disease progression in liver diseases.