[Correlation of neck circumference with body mass index in preschool children]. / å­¦é¾„å‰å„¿ç«¥é¢ˆå›´ä¸Žä½“é‡æŒ‡æ•°çš„ç›¸å ³æ€§.

OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation between neck circumference and body mass index and the value of neck circumference in identifying overweight and obesity in preschool children. METHODS: The stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit 3 719 children under 7 years from 10 kindergartens in Urumqi, China. General data were collected, and physical measurements were performed. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between neck circumference and body mass index. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the accuracy of neck circumference in identifying overweight/obesity. The Kappa consistency test was used to assess the consistency of neck circumference and body mass index in identifying overweight/obesity. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between neck circumference and body mass index in boys and girls of all ages (r≥0.50, P<0.001). According to body mass index as the criteria for overweight/obesity, the children were divided into an overweight/obesity group and a non-overweight/obesity group, and the analysis showed that the overweight/obesity group had a significantly larger neck circumference than the non-overweight/obesity group (P<0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that neck circumference had an area under the ROC curve of >0.7 in identifying overweight/obesity for boys and girls. The Kappa consistency test showed that the neck circumference and body mass index had a Kappa value of >0.40 in identifying overweight/obesity in boys and girls of all ages. CONCLUSIONS: Neck circumference is positively correlated to body mass index, and neck circumference can be used to identify overweight/obesity in preschool children.

[Current status of neglect among children aged 3-6 years in rural areas of Urumqi, China and risk factors for child neglect].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of neglect in children aged 3-6 years in the rural areas of Urumqi, China and risk factors for neglect. METHODS: Stratified random cluster sampling was performed to select 1 326 children, aged 3-6 years, from 6 kindergartens in the rural areas of Urumqi. A self-designed questionnaire and "Chinese Neglect Evaluation Questionnaire for Rural Children Aged 3-6 Years" were used for investigation. RESULTS: Of the 1 326 children, the neglect rate was 51.89% (688 cases), and the degree of neglect was 49±6. There were significant differences in the neglect rate and the degree of neglect between the children in different age groups (P<0.01). The single-parent families and the remarried families had significantly higher child neglect rate and degree of neglect than the families of three generations under one roof and the core families (P<0.01). The children in left-behind status had a significantly higher degree of neglect (P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that younger children, mothers with low education level, employment status of the mother as a migrant worker, single-parent and remarried families, low-income families, and left-behind status were risk factors for child neglect (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The neglect of children aged 3-6 years in the rural areas of Urumqi is serious, and more attention should be paid to younger children, children whose mothers with low education level, left-behind children, and children from single-parent families, remarried families and low-income families.

[Current status of social anxiety among primary school students with myopia in Urumqi, China and risk factors for myopia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of social anxiety among the fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade primary school students with myopia in Urumqi, China and the risk factors for social anxiety. METHODS: Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 552 fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade primary school students with myopia from four primary schools in Urumqi. A self-designed questionnaire, a social anxiety scale for children and a self-esteem scale were used to investigate the general demographic data and the current status of social anxiety and self-esteem. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for social anxiety in primary school students with myopia. RESULTS: Of the 552 children, 173 (31.3%) were found to have social anxiety. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher grade, female sex, autocratic family, high myopia, low self-esteem and wearing glasses for more than 2 years were risk factors for social anxiety (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a serious problem of social anxiety among the fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade primary school students with myopia in Urumqi. The development of social anxiety is associated with age, sex, degree of myopia, time of wearing glasses, parental education style and self-esteem level.

[Current status of parental feeding behaviors in Urumqi, China, and its association with body mass index of children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between parental feeding behaviors and body mass index (BMI) of children, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of overweight and obesity in children. METHODS: Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 976 children from 7 kindergartens in Xinshi District of Urumqi, and a questionnaire survey and physical measurement were performed to obtain related data. RESULTS: A total of 976 questionnaires were distributed and 924 (94.7%) usable questionnaires were collected. The overall detection rates of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children were 3.1% (29 children), 9.2% (85 children), and 6.7% (62 children), respectively. The highest level of parental feeding behavior was monitoring, followed by restriction and pressure to eat. The parents of the Han children had significantly higher levels of restriction and pressure to eat than those of the Uygur children (P<0.01). As for parental feeding behaviors, restriction to eat was positively correlated with BMI of the Han and Uygur boys (P<0.01); pressure to eat was negatively correlated with BMI of the Han boys and girls (P<0.01) and was positively correlated with BMI of the Uygur boys and girls (P<0.01); monitoring was negatively correlated with BMI of the Han and Uygur boys and girls (P<0.05). Among the parents of the Han and Uygur boys, the parents of the overweight/obese children had significantly higher scores of restriction to eat than those of the children with normal weight (P<0.05); among the parents of the Uygur boys and girls, the parents of the overweight/obese children had significantly higher scores of pressure to eat than those of the children with normal weight (P<0.01); among the parents of the Uygur and Han boys and girls, the parents of the overweight/obese children had significantly lower scores of monitoring than those of the children with normal weight (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The parental feeding behavior is good in Urumqi, and the parental feeding behavior of the Uygur children is a little better than that of the Han children. Parental feeding behavior is closely correlated with BMI of children, and such correlation differs across ethnic groups and sexes. A high level of monitoring and low levels of restriction and pressure to eat may help to prevent and control the development of overweight and obesity in children.

[Current status of social anxiety and depression among primary school students in Urumqi, China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of social anxiety and depression among the fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students in Urumqi, China, and to provide data support for mental health education for primary school students in the future. METHODS: Stratified cluster random sampling was performed to select 919 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students from four primary schools for the Han and minority ethnic groups in Urumqi as research subjects. Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Children's Depression Inventory were used to evaluate the current status of social anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Among the 919 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students, the detection rate of social anxiety was 28.5% (262 students). The fourth-grade students had significantly lower scores on each subscale of social anxiety and total score of social anxiety than the fifth- and sixth-grade students (P<0.05). Girls had significantly higher score on the subscale of fear of negative evaluation and total score of social anxiety than boys (P<0.05). The Uyghur students had significantly higher scores on each subscale of social anxiety and total score of social anxiety than the Han students and the students of other minority ethnic groups (P<0.05). Among these fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students, the detection rate of depression was 11.2% (103 students). The fourth-grade students had significantly lower scores on the subscales of negative self-esteem, ineffectiveness, and interpersonal problems and total score of depression than the fifth- and sixth-grade students (P<0.05). The Uyghur students had significantly higher scores on the subscales of anhedonia and negative mood and total score of depression than the Han students and the students of other minority ethnic groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the status of social anxiety and depression among the primary school students with different grades, sexes or ethnic groups in Urumqi. The fifth- and sixth-grade students, girls, and Uyghur students tend to have more serious psychological problems, which should be taken seriously by parents, schools, and the society.

Metabolic control with insulin pump therapy: preliminary experience.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of insulin pump therapy on the metabolic control of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been reported. Such reports have prompted our interest to investigate the long-term metabolic effects of insulin pump therapy at our institution. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who began extended insulin pump therapy at Changhua Christian Hospital between November 2004 and October 2007. One-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis were used to compare baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values with subsequent values. RESULTS: We studied 12 patients who were on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy at the time of data collection. Mean duration of CSII therapy was 2.3 years. A reduction in HbA1C was found after administering CSII, which was sustained after 1, 2 and 3 years of therapy (7.0%, 6.7% and 6.6%, respectively), with statistical significance (p<0.05). No incidence of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis occurred during the treatment period. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary experience demonstrated the effectiveness of insulin pump therapy for both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The reduction in their HbA1C values was both statistically and clinically significant. This treatment should be considered for patients poorly controlled by subcutaneous insulin injection therapy.