ASO Author Reflections: Toward Individualized Management of Heterogenous Mixed Invasive Ductolobular Breast Cancers.

Mixed invasive ductolobular breast cancer (MIDLC) is a rare breast cancer with varying lobular and ductal components. Characteristics, management, and outcomes of MIDLC are not well understood due to the rarity of the cancer and the lack of uniform diagnostic criteria and reporting. There is a need for better understanding and individualized management of this heterogeneous spectrum of breast cancers.

Lobular-Like Features and Outcomes of Mixed Invasive Ductolobular Breast Cancer (MIDLC): Insights from 54,403 Stage I-III MIDLC Patients.

BACKGROUND: Mixed invasive ductolobular breast cancer (MIDLC) is a rare histological subtype of breast cancer (BC), with components of both invasive ductal cancer (IDC) and invasive lobular cancer (ILC). Its clinicopathological features and outcomes have not been well characterized. METHOD: The National Cancer Database 2010-2017 was reviewed to identify women with stage I-III BCs. Univariate analysis was performed using Chi-square or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and multivariable analysis with logistic regression to predict surgical decisions. Survival was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: We identified 955,828 women with stage I-III BCs (5.7% MIDLC, 10.3% ILC, and 84.0% IDC). MIDLC was more like ILC than IDC in terms of multicentricity (14.2% MIDLC, 13.0% ILC, 10.0% IDC), hormone receptor positivity (96.6% MIDLC, 98.2% ILC, 81.2% IDC), and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; 5.8% MIDLC, 5.2% ILC, 10.8% IDC). 744,607 women underwent upfront surgery. The mastectomy rates were 42.3% for MIDLC, 46.5% for ILC, and 33.3% for IDC (all p < 0.001). With 5.5 years of median follow-up, the adjusted overall survival in the upfront surgery hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) biological subgroup was better in MIDLC (hazard ratio 0.88, p < 0.001) and ILC (hazard ratio 0.91, p < 0.001) than in IDC. Like ILC, MIDLC also had a lower pathological complete response to NAC than IDC (12.3% MIDLC, 7.3% ILC, 28.6% IDC). CONCLUSIONS: MIDLC displays a mixed pattern of characteristics favoring features of ILC compared with IDC, with favorable 5-year overall survival compared with IDC within the HR+/HER2- subtype who underwent upfront surgery.

Transthoracic approach is associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation after esophageal resection.

AIM: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with higher morbidity after esophagectomy. The objective of this study is to identify the surgical risk factors associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation after esophagectomy. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, a prospectively maintained database was retrospectively queried to identify patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2003 and 2013. Data variables collected include pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative factors. Appropriate statistical analysis is performed utilizing Sigmaplot(®) version 12.3. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2013, 245 esophagectomies were performed at our institution, of these, 192 (147 males, mean age of 62 ± 11.12 years) were included in the final analysis and 53 were excluded [25 Roux-en-Y reconstruction (including three Merendino procedures), 20 had AF before surgery, and eight with staged esophagectomy]. Of 192 esophagectomies, 160 had malignancy (138 adenocarcinoma and 22 squamous cell carcinoma) and 106 (66.25%) received neo-adjuvant therapy. Esophagectomies were performed with Ivor Lewis Mckeown approach in 78 patients [34 Minimally Invasive (MIE), 37 open, and 7 Hybrid], Ivor Lewis approach in 56 patients (31 MIE, 10 Open, 15 Hybrid) and Transhiatal approach in 58 patients (16 MIE and 42 Open). Gastric conduit was used in 185 patients and colonic conduit in seven patients. Overall 30-day or in-hospital mortality was 3.6% (7/192). Forty-five (23.4%) patients with esophagectomy developed new-onset AF. Median onset of AF was post-op day 3 (0-32). They were older (65.7 vs. 61.3, p = 0.021), with medical comorbidities (thyroid disorder, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease; p < 0.05) and lower diffusion capacity on Pulmonary function test (80.16 vs. 87.74%, p = 0.02) and stayed longer in hospital (19 vs. 14 days, p < 0.001) with severe post-operative complications (Clavien score ≥ III) (69 vs. 35.3%, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed transthoracic approach (OR = 3.71, CI = 1.23-11.17, p = 0.02) and thyroid disorder (OR = 6.29, CI = 1.54-25.65, p = 0.01), and severe post-op complications (OR = 3.34, CI = 1.20-9.28, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with the development of new-onset AF. CONCLUSIONS: Transthoracic approach is an independent risk factor for the development of new-onset AF after esophagectomy. New-onset AF is associated with severe post-operative complications and longer hospital stay. Minimally invasive approach does not decrease the incidence of new-onset AF.

Understanding benign breast disease and subsequent breast cancer in Hispanic white females; a step closer to evidence-based management.

Background While Hispanic white females (HW) have lower incidence of breast cancer (BC) than non-Hispanic white females (NHW), BC risk is unclear for HW females after benign breast disease (BBD). Methods We compared BBD characteristics and subsequent BC risk among HW and NHW females in New Mexico using a population-based collection of benign breast biopsies (1996-2007). BBD was categorized as non-proliferative disease (NPD), proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA), or atypical hyperplasia (AH). BC risk was assessed as absolute risk (AR) using cumulative incidence and relative risk (RR) by comparing the number of BC events in BBDs to non-BBD. Results This study included 3,684 HW and 6,587 NHW females with BBD. HW females had similar proportions of NPD (58.6%vs.54.3%), PDWA (21.4%vs.23.5%), and AH (3.6%vs.3.3%) as NHW. BC risk among all females with BBD was higher than population-based expected rates (RR=1.87) and was similar for HW and NHW subgroups (RR=1.99vs.1.84). As expected, BC risk increased with increasing BBD severity, both overall [RR=1.81 (NPD), 1.85 (PDWA) and 3.10 (AH)] and in the HW and NHW subgroups. Adjusted AR of BC at 5 years also increased with the severity of BBD (HW vs. NHW;NPD: 1.4 vs. 2.1%; PDWA: 1.5 vs. 2.7%; AH: 6 vs. 4.8%). Conclusions We found similar BC RRs and ARs in HW and NHW. Risk counseling should ensure that HW females receive breast cancer clinical management warranted by their similar absolute risks. Impact The present population-based provides evidence for clinical management of HW females with BBD for the prevention of BC.

Post-COVID-19 Thoracic Aortic Rupture with an Unforeseen Spinal Epidural Hematoma.

The importance of prompt diagnosis and early stenting of an aortic rupture cannot be overemphasized. We present a case of thoracic aortic rupture in a middle-aged gentleman who had recently suffered coronavirus disease 2019. The case was further complicated by the development of an unexpected spinal epidural hematoma.