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Systemic inflammatory response, as observed in sepsis and severe COVID-19, may lead to endothelial damage. Therefore, we aim to compare the extent of endothelial injury and its relationship to inflammation in both diseases. We included patients diagnosed with sepsis (SEPSIS group, n = 21), mild COVID-19 (MILD group, n = 31), and severe COVID-19 (SEVERE group, n = 24). Clinical and routine laboratory data were obtained, circulating cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10) and endothelial injury markers (E-Selectin, Tissue Factor (TF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF)) were measured. Compared to the SEPSIS group, patients with severe COVID-19 present similar clinical and laboratory data, except for lower circulating IL-10 and E-Selectin levels. Compared to the MILD group, patients in the SEVERE group showed higher levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and TF. There was no clear relationship between cytokines and endothelial injury markers among the three studied groups; however, in SEVERE COVID-19 patients, there is a positive relationship between INF-γ with TF and a negative relationship between IL-10 and vWF. In conclusion, COVID-19 and septic patients have a similar pattern of cytokines and endothelial dysfunction markers. These findings highlight the importance of endothelium dysfunction in COVID-19 and suggest that endothelium should be better evaluated as a therapeutic target for the disease.
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COVID-19/patologia , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Sepse/patologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Selectina E/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-10/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sepse/sangue , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/etiologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/fisiopatologia , Tromboplastina/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de von Willebrand/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A local increase in angiotensin 2 after inactivation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce a redox imbalance in alveolar epithelium cells, causing apoptosis, increased inflammation and, consequently, impaired gas exchange. We hypothesized that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration could restore this redox homeostasis and suppress unfavorable evolution in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center trial conducted at the Emergency Department of Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil, to determine whether NAC in high doses can avoid respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19. We enrolled 135 patients with severe COVID-19 (confirmed or suspected), with an oxyhemoglobin saturation <94% or respiratory rate >24 breaths/minute. Patients were randomized to receive NAC 21 g (~300 mg/kg) for 20 hours or dextrose 5%. The primary endpoint was the need for mechanical ventilation. Secondary endpoints were time of mechanical ventilation, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), time in ICU, and mortality. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups, with no significant differences in age, sex, comorbidities, medicines taken, and disease severity. Also, groups were similar in laboratory tests and chest computed tomography scan findings. Sixteen patients (23.9%) in the placebo group received endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, compared with 14 patients (20.6%) in the NAC group (Pâ =â .675). No difference was observed in secondary endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of NAC in high doses did not affect the evolution of severe COVID-19. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC): U1111-1250-356 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8969zg/).
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Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Respiração Artificial , SARS-CoV-2 , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to test the ability of the surprise question (SQ), when asked to emergency physicians (EPs), to predict in-hospital mortality among adults admitted to an emergency room (ER). METHODS: This prospective cohort study at an academic medical centre included consecutive patients 18 years or older who received care in the ER and were subsequently admitted to the hospital from 20 April 2018 to 20 October 2018. EPs were required to answer the SQ for all patients who were being admitted to hospital. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The cohort included 725 adults (mean (SD) age, 60 (17) years, 51% men) from 58 128 emergency department (ED) visits. The mortality rates were 20.6% for 30-day all-cause in-hospital mortality and 23.6% for in-hospital mortality. The diagnostic test characteristics of the SQ have a sensitivity of 53.7% and specificity of 87.1%, and a relative risk of 4.02 (95% CI 3.15 to 5.13), p<0.01). The positive and negative predictive values were 57% and 86%, respectively; the positive likelihood ratio was 4.1 and negative likelihood ratio was 0.53; and the accuracy was 79.2%. CONCLUSIONS: We found that asking the SQ to EPs may be a useful tool to identify patients in the ED with a high risk of in-hospital mortality.
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BACKGROUND: The decision to intubate COVID-19 patients receiving non-invasive respiratory support is challenging, requiring a fine balance between early intubation and risks of invasive mechanical ventilation versus the adverse effects of delaying intubation. This present study analyzes the association between intubation day and mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We performed a unicentric retrospective cohort study considering all COVID-19 patients consecutively admitted between March 2020 and August 2020 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 28 days after intubation, and a Cox model was used to evaluate the effect of time from onset of symptoms to intubation in mortality. RESULTS: A total of 592 (20%) patients of 3020 admitted with COVID-19 were intubated during study period, and 310 patients who were intubated deceased 28 days after intubation. Each additional day between the onset of symptoms and intubation was significantly associated with higher in-hospital death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.005-1.03). CONCLUSION: Among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who were intubated and mechanically ventilated, delaying intubation in the course of symptoms may be associated with higher mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee (opinion number 3.990.817; CAAE: 30417520.0.0000.0068).
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Identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by RT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab sample is a common test for diagnosing COVID-19. However, some patients present clinical, laboratorial, and radiological evidence of COVID-19 infection with negative RT-PCR result(s). Thus, we assessed whether positive results were associated with intubation and mortality. This study was conducted in a Brazilian tertiary hospital from March to August of 2020. All patients had clinical, laboratory, and radiological diagnosis of COVID-19. They were divided into two groups: positive (+) RT-PCR group, with 2292 participants, and negative (-) RT-PCR group, with 706 participants. Patients with negative RT-PCR testing and an alternative most probable diagnosis were excluded from the study. The RT-PCR(+) group presented increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and 28-day mortality, when compared to the RT-PCR(-) group. A positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result was independently associated with intubation and 28 day in-hospital mortality. Accordingly, we concluded that patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis based on clinical data, despite a negative RT-PCR test from nasopharyngeal samples, presented more favorable outcomes than patients with positive RT-PCR test(s).
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Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Brasil , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/virologia , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/métodos , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nasofaringe/virologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Hydrogen chloride is available commercially as an anhydrous gas or an aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid. Exposure to this gas has been associated with the development of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. However, there are few published reports. A 37-year-old woman developed progressive bronchospasm and acute respiratory failure after cleaning an enclosed space with an unknown concentration of hydrochloric acid gas from a cleaning substance. She had no prior history of asthma or atopy. Severe bronchospasm developed, leading to hypoxemia and diffuse interstitial infiltrates, necessitating orotracheal intubation and admission to the intensive care unit. Asthma-like symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and dyspnea; requiring bronchodilators, and repeated hospitalizations are persistent a year after the accident. Pulmonary function testing showed mild airflow obstruction.
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OBJECTIVE: To externally validate community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) tools on patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia from two distinct countries, and compare their performance with recently developed COVID-19 mortality risk stratification tools. METHODS: We evaluated 11 risk stratification scores in a binational retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in São Paulo and Barcelona: Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB, CURB-65, qSOFA, Infectious Disease Society of America and American Thoracic Society Minor Criteria, REA-ICU, SCAP, SMART-COP, CALL, COVID GRAM and 4C. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30-day in-hospital mortality and 7-day intensive care unit (ICU) admission, respectively. We compared their predictive performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, calibration plots and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: Of 1363 patients, the mean (SD) age was 61 (16) years. The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 24.6% (228/925) in São Paulo and 21.0% (92/438) in Barcelona. For in-hospital mortality, we found higher AUCs for PSI (0.79, 95% CI 0.77-0.82), 4C (0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.81), COVID GRAM (0.77, 95% CI 0.75-0.80) and CURB-65 (0.74, 95% CI 0.72-0.77). Results were similar for both countries. For the 1%-20% threshold range in decision curve analysis, PSI would avoid a higher number of unnecessary interventions, followed by the 4C score. All scores had poor performance (AUC <0.65) for 7-day ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: Recent clinical COVID-19 assessment scores had comparable performance to standard pneumonia prognostic tools. Because it is expected that new scores outperform older ones during development, external validation studies are needed before recommending their use.
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COVID-19/mortalidade , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/mortalidade , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Sob a Curva , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virologia , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitalização , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Proibitinas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudos de Validação como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, creating tools to assess disease severity is one of the most important aspects of reducing the burden on emergency departments. Lung ultrasound has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases; however, there are few prospective studies demonstrating that lung ultrasound can predict outcomes in COVID-19 patients. We hypothesized that lung ultrasound score (LUS) at hospital admission could predict outcomes of COVID-19 patients. This is a prospective cohort study conducted from 14 March through 6 May 2020 in the emergency department (ED) of an urban, academic, level I trauma center. Patients aged 18 years and older and admitted to the ED with confirmed COVID-19 were considered eligible. Emergency physicians performed lung ultrasounds and calculated LUS, which was tested for correlation with outcomes. This protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee number 3.990.817 (CAAE: 30417520.0.0000.0068). RESULTS: The primary endpoint was death from any cause. The secondary endpoints were ICU admission and endotracheal intubation for respiratory failure. Among 180 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were enrolled (mean age, 60 years; 105 male), the average LUS was 18.7 ± 6.8. LUS correlated with findings from chest CT and could predict the estimated extent of parenchymal involvement (mean LUS with < 50% involvement on chest CT, 15 ± 6.7 vs. 21 ± 6.0 with > 50% involvement, p < 0.001), death (AUC 0.72, OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.21; p < 0.001), endotracheal intubation (AUC 0.76, OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.26; p < 0.001), and ICU admission (AUC: 0.71, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.21; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In COVID-19 patients admitted in ED, LUS was a good predictor of death, ICU admission, and endotracheal intubation.
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The role of innate immunity in COVID-19 is not completely understood. Therefore, this study explored the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in peripheral blood cells and their correlated cytokines. Seventy-nine patients with severe COVID-19 on admission, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were divided into two groups: patients who needed mechanical ventilation and/or deceased (SEVERE, n = 50) and patients who used supplementary oxygen but not mechanical ventilation and survived (MILD, n = 29); a control group (CONTROL, n = 17) was also enrolled. In the peripheral blood, gene expression (mRNA) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIGI), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta (IFN-ß), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), pro-interleukin(IL)-1ß (pro-IL-1ß), and IL-18 was determined on admission, between 5-9 days, and between 10-15 days. Circulating cytokines in plasma were also measured. When compared to the COVID-19 MILD group, the COVID-19 SEVERE group had lower expression of TLR3 and overexpression of TLR4.
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COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Receptor 3 Toll-Like/sangue , Receptor 3 Toll-Like/genética , Idoso , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Respiração ArtificialRESUMO
The clinical presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy (DKP) is similar to that observed in nonpregnant women, although reports suggest the presenting blood glucose level may not be as high. It is hypothesized that lower, maternal fasting glucose levels are a result of both the fetus and the placenta consuming glucose. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman gravida 2, para 0, abortion 1 with type 1 diabetes who had euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and review the literature on DKP, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the mother and fetus.
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Objectives: To evaluate the first-attempt success rates and complications of endotracheal intubation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients by emergency physicians. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from March 24, 2020 through May 28, 2020 at the emergency department (ED) of an urban, academic trauma center. We enrolled patients consecutively admitted to the ED with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 submitted to endotracheal intubation. No patients were excluded. The primary outcome was first-attempt intubation success, defined as successful endotracheal tube placement with the first device passed (endotracheal tube) during the first laryngoscope insertion confirmed with capnography. Secondary outcomes included the following complications: hypotension, hypoxemia, aspiration, and esophageal intubation. Results: A total of 112 patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 were enrolled. Median age was 61 years and 61 patients (54%) were men. The primary outcome, first-attempt intubation success, was achieved in 82% of patients. Among the 20 patients who were not intubated on the first attempt, 75% were intubated on the second attempt and 20% on the third attempt; cricothyrotomy was performed in 1 patient. Forty-eight (42%) patients were hypotensive and required norepinephrine immediately post-intubation. Fifty-eight (52%) experienced peri-intubation hypoxemia, and 2 patients (2%) had cardiac arrest. There were no cases of failed intubation resulting in death up to 24 hours after the procedure. Conclusion: Emergency physicians achieve high success rates when intubating COVID19 patients, although complications are frequent. However, these findings should be considered provisional until their generalizability is assessed in their institutions and setting.
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Hydrogen chloride is available commercially as an anhydrous gas or an aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid. Exposure to this gas has been associated with the development of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. However, there are few published reports. A 37-year-old woman developed progressive bronchospasm and acute respiratory failure after cleaning an enclosed space with an unknown concentration of hydrochloric acid gas from a cleaning substance. She had no prior history of asthma or atopy. Severe bronchospasm developed, leading to hypoxemia and diffuse interstitial infiltrates, necessitating orotracheal intubation and admission to the intensive care unit. Asthma-like symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and dyspnea; requiring bronchodilators, and repeated hospitalizations are persistent a year after the accident. Pulmonary function testing showed mild airflow obstruction.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/complicações , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Ácido Clorídrico/efeitos adversos , Inalação , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, in the FLEX Registry, clinical outcomes of an ultrathin (60 µm) biodegradable polymer-coated Supraflex sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Additionally, to determine the vascular response to the Supraflex SES through optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis. SETTING: Multicentre, single-arm, all-comers, observational registry of patients who were treated with the Supraflex SES, between July 2013 and May 2014, at nine different centres in India. PARTICIPANTS: 995 patients (1242 lesions) who were treated with the Supraflex SES, between July 2013 and May 2014, at nine different centres in India. A total of 47 participants underwent OCT analysis at 6 months' follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous coronary intervention with Supraflex SES, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint-the rate of major adverse cardiac events (defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularisation (TLR))-was analysed during 12 months. RESULTS: At 12 months, the primary endpoint occurred in 36 (3.7%) of 980 patients, consisting of 18 (1.8%) cardiac deaths, 16 (1.6%) MI, 7 (0.7%) TLR and 2 (0.2%) cases of non-target lesion target vessel revascularization. In a subset of 47 patients, 1227 cross-sections (9309 struts) were analysed at 6 months by OCT. Overall, a high percentage of struts was covered (98.1%), with a mean neointimal thickness of 0.13 ± 0.06 µm. CONCLUSIONS: The FLEX Registry evaluated clinical outcomes in real-world and more complex cohorts and thus provides evidence that the Supraflex SEX can be used safely and routinely in a broader percutaneous coronary intervention population. Also, the Supraflex SES showed high percentage of stent strut coverage and good stent apposition during OCT follow-up.
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Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Stents Farmacológicos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Sistema de Registros , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Implantes Absorvíveis , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Revascularização Miocárdica/estatística & dados numéricos , Neointima/patologia , Polímeros , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
This study investigates the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats with choline and fructooligosaccharide (FOS). The healthy control group received standard diet. The other three groups consisted of animals with NAFLD. Group Estr received standard diet; group Echo received standard diet plus choline (3 g/100 g diet); and group Efos received standard diet plus FOS (10 g/100 g diet). Food intake, weight, urinary nitrogen, urinary ammonia, total cholesterol, serum triacylglyceride, liver and heart weights, tissue nitrogen, tissue fat, vitamin E, TBARS, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in hepatic and heart tissue. Choline and FOS treatments resulted in total mean fat reduction in liver and heart tissue of 0.2 and 1.7 g, respectively. Both treatments were equally effective in reducing hepatic and cardiac steatosis. There were no differences in the TBARS level among experimental and control groups, indicating that the proposed treatments had no added protection against free radicals. While all experimental groups had increased vitamin E and GSH levels, choline treatment led to a significant increase compared to control.
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Primary cardiac tumours are a rare occurrence in clinical practice. Mural or pedunculated thrombi are other infrequent findings. These are usually associated with underlying heart disease, present in the left atrium or occupying aneurysms in the ventricular wall, usually the apex. The case of a 33-year-old woman with a pedunculated cardiac mass not having these latter characteristics is reported. She had experienced dyspnoea and lower extremity oedema for 3 years on referral. Echocardiography revealed a mass emerging from the interventricular septum, and a myxoma was suspected. Heart surgery was performed and the findings were a thrombus and large extent of septal and apical mural fibrosis. An endoaneurysmorraphy was performed with exclusion of fibrotic walls from the ventricular cavity.
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Refeeding syndrome (RFS) has been well described but is also a frequently forgotten and undiagnosed complication in clinical practice, which, if untreated, may lead to death. Patients who are more prone to developing RFS are those with at least one of the following conditions: BMI <16 kg/m(2), a recent unintentional weight loss >15%, very little nutritional intake for >10 days, and/or low plasma concentrations of potassium, phosphate or magnesium before feeding; and those with at least two of the following conditions: BMI <18.5 kg/m(2), a recent weight loss >10%, very little nutritional intake for >5 day, and/or a history of alcohol abuse or drug use, including insulin, chemotherapy or diuretics. We report here a patient who, after undergoing intestinal resection (short gut syndrome), presented diarrhoea, weight loss and protein-energy malnutrition. After nutritional assessment, the nutritional support team decided to feed the patient by the parenteral route. After 16 h of parenteral nutrition, the patient developed supraventricular tachycardia, hypomagnesaemia and hypocalcaemia, and RFS was diagnosed and managed. After intestinal adaptation, the patient is currently able to maintain his nutritional status with nutrition therapy by the oral route.
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Introdução: A doença arterial coronária continua sendo um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública da atualidade e a intervenção coronária percutânea com stents farmacológicos é a forma mais frequente de tratamento desses pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a taxa de desfechos clínicos no seguimento clínico de até 10 anos dos pacientes tratados com stents farmacológicos. Métodos: Pacientes com indicação de ICP foram incluídos de forma prospectiva, independentemente do quadro clínico ou angiográfico de apresentação. O desfecho primário consistiu na avaliação da taxa de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores combinados (óbito cardíaco, infarto agudo do miocárdio não fatal ou necessidade de revascularização do vaso alvo guiada por isquemia) no seguimento clínico tardio. Resultados: No período 2002 a 2012, incluímos 1.632 pacientes, com idade de 64,3 ± 10,9 anos, 71,4% eram do sexo masculino e 31,2% portadores de diabetes mellitus. As taxas de sucesso angiográfico e clínico foram de 99,1% e 96,7%, respectivamente. O seguimento clínico foi realizado em 95,8% dos elegíveis em um tempo médio de seguimento de 3,4 ± 2,6 anos. O desfecho primário ocorreu em 246 pacientes (15,9%), com taxas de óbito cardíaco de 6,4%, infarto do miocárdio de 3,6% e revascularização do vaso alvo de 5,5%. A trombose do stent foi verificada em 40 pacientes (2,4%). Conclusões: Nesta experiência da prática clínica diária, a utilização dos stents farmacológicos demonstrou resultados clínicos favoráveis agudos e no longo prazo no tratamento de uma população não selecionada de pacientes com doença arterial coronária e graus variáveis de complexidade clínica e angiográfica.
Background: Coronary artery disease remains a major public healthcare problem worldwide and percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents is the most frequent treatment option for these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of clinical events in up to 10 years of clinical follow-up of patients treated with drug-eluting stents. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with an indication for percutaneous coronary intervention despite their clinical or angiographic presentation. The primary endpoint consisted of the evaluation of the composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or the need of ischemia guided target vessel revascularization) in the late clinical follow-up. Results: From 2002 to 2012, we included 1,632 patients with mean age of 64.3 ± 10.9 years, 71.4% were male and 31.2% had diabetes mellitus. The angiographic and clinical success rates were 99.1% and 96.7%, respectively. Follow-up was obtained in 95.8% of the eligible patients at a mean of 3.4 ± 2.6 years. The primary endpoint was observed in 246 patients (15.9%), with rates of cardiac death of 6.4%, myocardial infarction of 3.6% and target vessel revascularization of 5.5%. Stent thrombosis was observed in 40 patients (2.4%). Conclusions: In this clinical practice experience the use of drug-eluting stents demonstrated favorable acute and long-term results in the treatment of a non-selected population of patients with coronary artery disease and variable degrees of clinical and angiographic complexity.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Stents Farmacológicos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Evolução Fatal , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Razão de Prevalências , Estudos Prospectivos , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Trombose Coronária/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A study evaluated the relationship between the defense of dissertations and their publication within the realm of the entire Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FM-USP). The existence of differences among different areas of knowledge and the time between defense of dissertations and their publication is questioned. OBJECTIVE: To characterize publications related to dissertations defended in graduate courses of the Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo Medical School (FM-USP). METHODS: A retrospective survey was carried out featuring graduate work at FM/USP for the 1994-2004 period. Initially, data were collected on students who defended dissertations during this period, on their advisors, and on the dissertations defended in the course of the period. Then, by crossing these data with data from Medline and Web of Science, publications by these authors and data were located that referred to the respective publications. RESULTS: During that period, 268 dissertations were defended, resulting in 195 publications within a period of up to 10 years after their defense. The median time for publication after defense was one year and nine months, with a median impact factor of 2.1, and a median of 4 citations per paper. There was no statistically significant correlation among any of the data studied. CONCLUSION: A significant percentage of the dissertations were published, and in the group studied, publication took place within increasingly short times after their defense. This fact may be related to the success of the graduate commissions' policies and to the importance currently lent to debates on this theme, all of which contribute to improvement in the quality of graduate studies.
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Dissertações Acadêmicas como Assunto , Cardiologia , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Editoração/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Brasil , Institutos de Cardiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Fator de Impacto de Revistas , Publicações/classificação , Publicações/estatística & dados numéricos , Faculdades de Medicina , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A maioria dos casos de malformações arteriovenosas pulmonares ocorre em pacientes portadores de telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária. É uma doença incomum, que pode se apresentar com acidentes vasculares encefálicos em pacientes jovens. Com o surgimento de dispositivos de oclusão, a embolização percutânea tornou-se o tratamento de escolha. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 33 anos de idade, com história de múltiplos acidentes vasculares encefálicos, cianose, dispneia, epistaxes recorrentes e presença de fístulas pulmonares de alto fluxo, submetido a embolização por via percutânea. O paciente apresentou melhora clínica, encontrando-se em acompanhamento há 30 meses, sem sintomas recorrentes.
Most cases of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations occur in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. It is a rare disease that may present with stroke-like symptoms in young patients. With the development of occlusion devices, percutaneous embolization has become the treatment of choice. We report a case of a 33 year-old man with a history of multiple strokes, cyanosis, dyspnea, recurrent epistaxis and high flow pulmonary fistulae who was submitted to percutaneous embolization. The patient improved clinically and has had no recurring symptoms in the 30-month follow-up.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária , Malformações Arteriovenosas , Artéria Pulmonar , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento percutâneo da doença arterial coronária foi revolucionado pelo uso dos stents farmacológicos (SF). No entanto, sua utilização na prática diária envolve pacientes com características clínicas e angiográficas mais complexas dos que aquelas encontradas em estudos randomizados. Este registro se propôs a caracterizar, em nosso meio, diabéticos e seus desfechos clínicos após implante de SF. MÉTODOS: Registro unicêntrico, prospectivo, que arrolou pacientes consecutivos submetidos a implante de SF. Foram registrados dados clínicos, angiográficos e do procedimento, assim como os desfechos hospitalares e tardios. A avaliação do desfecho primário, composto por óbito cardíaco, infarto agudo do miocárdio ou revascularização da lesão-alvo, foi realizada comparando-se pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos. RESULTADOS: Avaliamos 1.670 pacientes tratados com SF no período de 2002 a 2012, com seguimento de 3,2 ± 2,5 anos. Um terço dos pacientes era diabético e apresentou sobrevivência livre de eventos menor que os não diabéticos (79,4% vs. 82,6%; P = 0,02). A razão de risco ajustada, no entanto, foi de 1,22 (IC 95%, 0,89-1,69) - não significativa. Ao analisar o subgrupo dos pacientes em uso de insulina, encontramos sobrevivência livre de eventos significativamente menor que a dos demais, enquanto que os diabéticos que não estavam em uso de insulina mostraram comportamento semelhante ao dos não diabéticos (68,7% vs. 83,9% vs. 82,8%, respectivamente; P < 0,01). A razão de risco ajustada foi 1,72 (IC 95%, 1,13-2,63) vez maior para os diabéticos em uso de insulina em comparação aos demais pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de SF traz benefícios para todos os diabéticos, especialmente para os que não utilizam insulina.
BACKGROUND: The percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease has been revolutionized by the use of drug-eluting stents (DES). However, its use in the daily practice involves patients with more complex clinical and angiographic characteristics than those found in randomized trials. This registry was designed to characterize diabetic patients and their outcomes following DES implantation in our country. METHODS: Prospective single-center registry enrolling consecutive patients after DES implantation. Clinical, angiographic and procedure-related data, as well as early and long-term outcomes were recorded. The primary endpoint, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization, was compared between diabetics and non-diabetics. RESULTS: We evaluated 1,670 patients treated with DES from 2002 to 2012 with a follow-up of 3.2 ± 2.5 years. One third of the patients were diabetic and had lower event-free survival when compared to non-diabetic patients (79.4% vs. 82.6%; P = 0.015). The adjusted odds ratio, however, was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.89-1.69) and was not significant. A significantly lower event-free survival was observed in the subgroup of patients receiving insulin, whereas it was similar for diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the subgroup not receiving insulin (68.7% vs. 83.9% vs. 82.8%, respectively; P < 0.01). The adjusted odds ratio was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.13-2.63) higher for diabetic patients receiving insulin when compared to the remaining patients. CONCLUSIONS: The use of DES is beneficial for all diabetic patients, especially those who do not receive insulin.