Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma after Breast Reconstruction for Breast Cancer.

A patient initially operated on for aesthetic breast augmentation had a round-textured silicone gel prosthesis, Poly Implants Prothèse, placed in a subglandular plane. The patient developed a bilateral capsular contracture, and 4 years later, underwent a complete bilateral capsulectomy with an exchange of Mentor 215 cm3 textured cohesive silicone-gel ultra-high profile breast implants in the same subglandular plane. One year later, the patient developed cancer in the right breast, so it was decided to perform a bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction with 265 cm3 (left) and 310 cm3 (right) Natrelle (Allergan) round-textured silicone-gel implants in a submuscular plane. Seven years after the last surgery, the patient developed a seroma in the left breast (breast opposite to the one that developed the cancer), and seroma studies reported a CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with the breast prosthesis. Therefore, bilateral capsulectomy and explantation of both implants with breast reconstruction with autologous tissue were performed.

Synchronous Ovarian and Breast Cancers with a Novel Variant in BRCA2 Gene: A Case Report.

We report a case of a 52-year-old female with a family history of pancreatic and colon cancers who presented with a right breast mass positive for high-grade medullar carcinoma with triple-negative biomolecular profile. Further workup was performed finding a left ovarian mass. The patient underwent laparotomy performing optimal cytoreduction on bilateral ovarian tumors; the pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed bilateral ovary adenocarcinoma with positive peritoneal malignancy. Due to her synchronic breast and ovarian cancers, a genetic profile was performed detecting a new pathogenic variant in the BRCA2 gene: c.3606_3607del (p.Ser1203Cysfs). She was given chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel obtaining complete clinical response. Regarding her breast cancer, she had a right modified radical mastectomy and prophylactic left mastectomy obtaining complete clinical response. This case presents with an unusual subtype and difficult histologic diagnosis of a synchronic medullar breast cancer and ovary carcinoma associated with a new mutation of the BRCA2 gene.

Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Splenic Metastasis from Primary Lung Carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Isolated splenic metastases are a rare finding. Though several primary tumors can produce splenic metastases, including lung carcinoma, there are very few documented cases of isolated splenic metastases from lung carcinoma. This report presents such a case in which the splenic metastasis was removed with laparoscopic splenectomy. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 69-year-old woman with a history of lung carcinoma presented with several months of abdominal pain. Abdominal CT identified a splenic mass which was resected laparoscopically. Pathology confirmed a splenic metastasis from a primary large cell lung carcinoma. DISCUSSION: Due to its anatomical and physiological characteristics, the spleen is a well-protected organ with respect to metastatic spread. The rarity of such metastases means that there is no evidence-based form of management. This case presents this rare metastatic occurrence and the successful management of the disease via laparoscopic splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This case confirms that splenic metastases can result from a primary lung carcinoma. Furthermore, the case supports successful management of this pathology by laparoscopic splenectomy.

Carcinoma metaplásico de mama con diferenciación liposarcomatosa pleomórfica: reporte de un caso / Metaplastic breast carcinoma with pleomorphic liposarcomatous differentiation: Case report

El carcinoma metaplásico de mama es un grupo heterogéneo de carcinomas invasivos que pueden manifestar un espectro morfológico amplio, lo cual genera dificultades en su diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de una adulta joven de 27 años de edad, nulípara, sin antecedentes patológicos, quien consultó por una masa de gran tamaño en la mama derecha de 12 meses de evolución. Macroscópicamente se observó un tumor lobulado, amarillento, con áreas de necrosis. Microscópicamente presentaba 2 patrones histológicos: el primero compuesto por células epitelioides con núcleos atípicos, pleomórficos y con figuras de mitosis. El segundo por lipoblastos pleomórficos inmersos en un fondo sarcomatoso. Se expone el segundo caso reportado en la literatura de un carcinoma metaplásico con diferenciación liposarcomatosa pleomórfica, haciendo hincapié en el abordaje macroscópico, histológico, inmunohistoquímico y en sus diagnósticos diferenciales. (AU)

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of invasive carcinomas that can manifest a wide morphological spectrum, which generates difficulties in its diagnóstico. We present the case of a 27-year-old young adult, with no pathological history, who consulted for a large mass in the right breast of 12 months of evolution. Macroscopically, a yellowish lobulated tumor with areas of necrosis was observed. Microscopically, it presented two histological patterns: the first composed of epithelioid cells with atypical nuclei, pleomorphic and with figures of mitosis. The second by pleomorphic lipoblasts immersed in a sarcomatous background. The second case reported in the literature of a metaplastic carcinoma with pleomorphic liposarcomatous differentiation is presented, emphasizing the macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical approach and its differential diagnoses. (AU)

[Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by piroxicam]. / Pustulosis exantemática generalizada aguda inducida por piroxicam.

BACKGROUND: Between 62 and 90% of cases of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis are caused by drugs. Its onset is rapid with generalized pustules, fever, and blood neutrophil count over 7000; pustules resolve spontaneously in less than 15 days. A case associated with piroxicam described. CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old with initial erythema of the thorax and abdomen, accompanied by burning, without fever, which later spread to his forearms, upper arms, and thighs, with face edema. A week earlier he had taken piroxicam for low back pain; at the time of hospitalization he received antihistamines, and topical and systemic steroids. Full blood count showed leukocytes at 8920, eosinophils at 600, neutrophils at 6600, total serum IgE at 188 UI, C-reactive protein at 2.9 mg/L, and no liver, kidney, or lung involvement. Treatment was initiated with intravenous antihistamines and ranitidine, saline, topical Vaseline plus topical mupirocin, and systemic steroids. On the second day of hospitalization neutrophils increased to 9000 and PCR to 3.3. The score to evaluate acute exanthematous pustulosis in the patient was 8, giving a definitive diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis should be established primarily with pustular psoriasis. The prognosis is generally good, as reported.

Antecedentes: Entre 62 y 90% de los casos de pustulosis exantemática generalizada aguda son causados por medicamentos. Su inicio es rápido con pústulas generalizadas, fiebre, conteo de neutrófilos en sangre mayor de 7000; la resolución de las pústulas es espontánea en menos de 15 días. Se describe un caso asociado a piroxicam. Caso clínico: Hombre de 36 años de edad con eritema inicial en tórax y abdomen, acompañado de ardor, sin fiebre, que posteriormente se extendió a antebrazos, brazos y muslos; con edema de cara. Una semana antes había consumido piroxicam por dolor lumbar; al momento de su hospitalización recibía antihistamínicos, esteroides tópicos y sistémicos. El hemoleucograma mostró leucocitos de 8920, eosinófilos de 600, neutrófilos de 6600, IgE sérica total de 188 mg/L, proteína C reactiva de 2.9 mg/L, sin compromiso hepático, renal ni pulmonar. Se inició tratamiento con antihistamínicos y ranitidina intravenosos, solución salina, vaselina tópica más mupirocina tópica y esteroides sistémicos. Al segundo día de hospitalización, los neutrófilos aumentaron a 9000 y la proteína C reactiva a 3.3 mg/L. La puntuación para validar pustulosis exantemática aguda en el paciente fue de 8, indicativa de diagnóstico definitivo. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico diferencial debe establecerse principalmente con psoriasis pustulosa. El pronóstico en general es bueno, como sucedió con el caso informado.

[Glomus tumour of the lung: a case report and literature review]. / Tumor glómico en pulmón: reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica.

BACKGROUND: Glomus tumours are neoplasms arising from cells of the neuromyoarterial glomus bodies, which almost always occur in a subungual location. A lung location is extremely rare, with few cases reported in the literature. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 33 year-old male, with non-productive cough, dyspnoea at rest, intermittent fever, and mild pain in rib cage. A chest radiograph showed a consolidation in the left lung, and computed tomography revealed a lesion in the hilum that extended to the bronchus of the lingula obstructing, and causing post-obstructive pneumonia. A biopsy was obtained by rigid bronchoscopy biopsy, which showed a well circumscribed tumour constituted by intermediate-sized cells, and abundant cytoplasm that are arranged in a pattern surrounding numerous thin-walled blood vessels, with no pleomorphism, significant mitotic activity or necrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse positivity with smooth muscle actin, vimentin, caldesmon; focal reactivity with desmin and CD117, CD34 highlights the vascular pattern. Ki67 proliferation rate was 1%. Synaptophysin, EMA and cytokeratin cocktail were negative, making the diagnosis of glomus tumour. CONCLUSIONS: Glomus tumours are rare neoplasms that usually appear in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, where it is common to find glomus bodies. Occasionally glomus tumours can occur in extra-cutaneous sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, bone and respiratory system, with this case being a new case of rare lung location.

Clasificación en subtipos intrínsecos de los carcinomas de mama analizados en un centro de patología de Medellín en el año 2011 / Classification of intrinsic subtypes of breast carcinomas analyzed in a pathology center of Medellin in 2011

Introducción: los carcinomas de mama representan un grupo heterogéneo de tumores, tanto en su comportamiento clínico como pronóstico. El tratamiento oncológico pre y postoperatorio en pacientes con carcinoma de mama está condicionado por el resultado histopatológico, inmunohistoquímico y la expresión de c-erbB2. La clasificación molecular del cáncer de mama ha definido grupos de riesgo y manejos diferentes. Objetivo: clasificar los carcinomas de mama según su tipo histológico y subtipos intrínsecos, estudiados en el Laboratorio de Patología y Citología (LAPACI) de Medellín en el año 2011. Materiales y métodos: estudiamos 114 pacientes con cáncer de mama diagnosticadas mediante biopsia cortante, quienes fueron evaluadas entre enero 1 y diciembre 31 de 2011. Se realizó una evaluación histopatológica e inmunohistoquímica del tumor para receptores de estrógenos, progesterona, HER2, KI-67 y con estos resultados se clasificaron los tumores en cuatro subtipos moleculares: luminal A y B, triple negativo y HER2 enriched. En la evaluación clínico-patológica se consideraron: edad, tipo histológico y grado de diferenciación. Resultados:la edad media de presentación del cáncer de mama fue de 55 años y el tipo histológico más común fue el ductal. Los carcinomas de mama más frecuentes fueron los de tipo luminal A (38,5 %), luminal B (32,4 %), triple negativos (15,8 %) y HER2 enriched (13,1 %). Los carcinomas de mama de tipo luminal mostraron ser, con mayor frecuencia, tumores bien diferenciados y con bajo índice de proliferación (Ki-67). En tanto, los carcinomas de mama de tipo triple negativo y HER2 enriched correspondían a tumores pobremente diferenciados, que expresaban un alto índice de proliferación celular. En los grupos de menor edad los tumores fueron más indiferenciados, siendo el subtipo HER2 enriched el que con mayor frecuencia afecta a mujeres pre menopáusicas (40 %) y a las menores de 34 años.s. Conclusión: los subtipos luminal A y B son los carcinomas que presentan mejor grado de diferenciación, por el contrario los subtipos triple negativo y HER2 enriched son predominantemente mal diferenciados y con altos índices de proliferación celular, a su vez son los que más afectan a las mujeres premenopáusicas, y el subtipo HER2 enriched es el que más se presenta en mujeres menores de 35 años.

Introduction: Breast carcinomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumors, both in their clinical behavior and prognosis. The pre and post cancer treatment in patients with breast carcinoma was conditioned by the results of histopathological, immunohistochemical hormone receptor and the expression of c-erbB2. The molecular classification of breast cancer defined risk groups and different treatments. Objectives: To classify breast carcinomas in intrinsic subtypes by immunohistochemical markers and analyze the histopathological features according to the degree of differentiation, age and rate of cell proliferation of different subtypes studied in the laboratory of pathology and cytology (LAPACI) of Medellín in 2011. Materials and Methods: We studied 114 patients diagnosed with breast cancer by cutting biopsy, seen between January 1 and December 31 2011 It takes a histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor for estrogen, progesterone, HER2, Ki-67 expression and these results are classified in four intrinsic subtypes: Luminal A and B, triple negative and HER2 enriched. In the clinical-pathological evaluation were considered: age, histological type, degree of differentiation. Results: The most common breast carcinomas were luminal A (38,5%), luminal type B (32,4%), triple negative (15,8%) and HER2 enriched (13,1%). Breast carcinomas showed luminal type being more well differentiated tumors frequency and low proliferation index (Ki-67). Meanwhile, breast carcinomas triple negative and HER2 enriched corresponded to poorly differentiated tumors expressing a high rate of cell proliferation. In the younger age groups were more undifferentiated tumors, HER2 enriched subtype being the most frequently affected premenopausal women (40%) and under 34 years.. Conclusion: The mean age at diagnosis of breast cancer was 55 years, and the most common histological type was ductal; The luminal subtypes A and B are the carcinomas that have better degree of differentiation, however the triple negative and HER2 subtypes are predominantly enriched poorly differentiated, and high rates of cell proliferation in turn are most affecting women premenopausal and HER2 enriched subtype is the most commonly occurs in women under 35 years.

Actualización del reporte de biopsiapor aspiración con aguja fina de mama / Report of breast fine needle aspiration biopsy: an update

Las recomendaciones para la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina de mama se desarrollaron y aprobaron en 1997 por el Instituto Nacional de Cáncer en Bethesda, Estados Unidos y fueron adaptadas a nuestro país en 2007, sin embargo, en los últimos años no se han realizado cambios formales en estas indicaciones. El objetivo de este módulo es presentar la actualización del reporte de biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina de mama, usando el sistema de reporte Bethesda, realizado por consenso con un grupo de patólogos, clínicos, radiólogos, cirujanos de mama y otros profesionales de la salud de Colombia y otros países, y con base en la experiencia realizando biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina de mama del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe y de Dinámica IPS.

Recommendations for breast fine needle aspiration biopsy were developed and approved in 1997 by The National Cancer Institute of Bethesda, United States, , and were adapted to our country on 2007, however, in last years these indications have not changed in a formal manner. The purpose of this review was to provide an update of the report for breast fine needle aspiration biopsy using the Bethesda system. This guide was made by consensus with pathologists, clinicians, radiologists, breast surgeons and other health professionals of Colombia and other countries. The update was basis on the experience of Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Dinamica IPS in performing breast fine needle aspiration biopsy.

La citología como ayuda diagnostica / Cytology as a diagnostic aid

La citología como ayuda diagnóstica ha venido ganando espacio en la práctica médica y se ha incorporado como prueba de tamizaje para el diagnóstico del cáncer del cuello uterino. Los autores desean familiarizar al médico con los pasos más importantes en la toma de la muestra y preparación para su remisión al laboratorio de citopatología, en donde se realiza su procesamiento y estudio.

La solicitud del estudio de una citología es una interconsulta que debe ser remitida bajo unas mínimas condiciones y acompañada de un adecuado resumen de historia clínica. El médico remitente debe estar familiarizado con la interpretación de los resultados de la citología, así como conocer sus alcances y limitaciones.