Inhibition of neuraminidase-1 sialidase activity by interfering peptides impairs insulin receptor activity in vitro and glucose homeostasis in vivo.

Neuraminidases (NEUs) also called sialidases are glycosidases which catalyze the removal of terminal sialic acid residues from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides. Mammalian NEU-1 participates in regulation of cell surface receptors such as insulin receptor (IR), epithelial growth factor receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and toll-like receptor 4. At the plasma membrane, NEU-1 can be associated with the elastin-binding protein and the carboxypeptidase protective protein/cathepsin A to constitute the elastin receptor complex. In this complex, NEU-1 is essential for elastogenesis, signal transduction through this receptor and for biological effects of the elastin-derived peptides on atherosclerosis, thrombosis, insulin resistance, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and cancers. This is why research teams are developing inhibitors targeting this sialidase. Previously, we developed interfering peptides to inhibit the dimerization and the activation of NEU-1. In this study, we investigated the effects of these peptides on IR activation in vitro and in vivo. Using cellular overexpression and endogenous expression models of NEU-1 and IR (COS-7 and HepG2 cells, respectively), we have shown that interfering peptides inhibit NEU-1 dimerization and sialidase activity which results in a reduction of IR phosphorylation. These results demonstrated that NEU-1 positively regulates IR phosphorylation and activation in our conditions. In vivo, biodistribution study showed that interfering peptides are well distributed in mice. Treatment of C57Bl/6 mice during 8 weeks with interfering peptides induces a hyperglycemic effect in our experimental conditions. Altogether, we report here that inhibition of NEU-1 sialidase activity by interfering peptides decreases IR activity in vitro and glucose homeostasis in vivo.

Metabolic syndrome-associated murine aortic wall stiffening is associated with premature elastic fibers aging.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) constitutes a major public health problem, and despite prevention efforts, this pandemic disease is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. In 2022, 6.7 million patients with T2D died prematurely from vascular complications. Indeed, diabetes increases the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke eightfold. The identification of the molecular factors involved in the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and their prevention are therefore major axes. Our hypothesis is that factors brought into play during physiological aging appear prematurely with diabetes progression. Our study focused on the aging of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a major element in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. We characterized the morphological and functional aspects of aorta, with a focus on the collagen and elastic fibers of diabetic mice aged from 6 mo to nondiabetic mice aged 6 mo and 20 mo. The comparison with the two nondiabetic models (young and old) highlighted an exacerbated activity of proteases, which could explain a disturbance in the collagen accumulation and an excessive degradation of elastic fibers. Moreover, the generation of circulating elastin-derived peptides reflects premature aging of the ECM. These extracellular elements contribute to the appearance of vascular rigidity, often the origin of pathologies such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. In conclusion, we show that diabetic mice aged 6 mo present the same characteristics of ECM wear as those observed in mice aged 20 mo. This accelerated aortic wall remodeling could then explain the early onset of cardiovascular diseases and, therefore, the premature death of patients with T2D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aortic elastic fibers of young (6-mo old) individuals with diabetes degrade prematurely and exhibit an appearance like that found in aged (20-mo old) nondiabetic mice. Exacerbated elastolysis and elastin-derived peptide production are characteristic elements, contributing to early aortic wall rigidity and hypertension development. Therefore, limiting this early aging could be a judicious therapeutic approach to reduce cardiovascular complications and premature death in patients with diabetes.

Towards the Therapeutic Use of Thrombospondin 1/CD47 Targeting TAX2 Peptide as an Antithrombotic Agent.

OBJECTIVE: TSP-1 (thrombospondin 1) is one of the most expressed proteins in platelet α-granules and plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis. Interaction of released TSP-1 with CD47 membrane receptor has been shown to regulate major events leading to thrombus formation, such as, platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium, nitric oxide/cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) signaling, platelet activation as well as aggregation. Therefore, targeting TSP-1:CD47 axis may represent a promising antithrombotic strategy. Approach and Results: A CD47-derived cyclic peptide was engineered, namely TAX2, that targets TSP-1 and selectively prevents TSP-1:CD47 interaction. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that TAX2 peptide strongly decreases platelet aggregation and interaction with collagen under arterial shear conditions. TAX2 also delays time for complete thrombotic occlusion in 2 mouse models of arterial thrombosis following chemical injury, while Thbs1-/- mice recapitulate TAX2 effects. Importantly, TAX2 administration is not associated with increased bleeding risk or modification of hematologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study sheds light on the major contribution of TSP-1:CD47 interaction in platelet activation and thrombus formation while putting forward TAX2 as an innovative antithrombotic agent with high added-value.

Adverse Effects of Oseltamivir Phosphate Therapy on the Liver of LDLR-/- Mice Without Any Benefit on Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis.

ABSTRACT: Desialylation, governed by sialidases or neuraminidases, is strongly implicated in a wide range of human disorders, and accumulative data show that inhibition of neuraminidases, such as neuraminidases 1 sialidase, may be useful for managing atherosclerosis. Several studies have reported promising effects of oseltamivir phosphate, a widely used anti-influenza sialidase inhibitor, on human cancer cells, inflammation, and insulin resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oseltamivir phosphate on atherosclerosis and thrombosis and potential liver toxicity in LDLR-/- mice fed with high-fat diet. Our results showed that oseltamivir phosphate significantly decreased plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and elastin fragmentation in aorta. However, no effect was observed on both atherosclerotic plaque size in aortic roots and chemically induced thrombosis in carotid arteries. Importantly, oseltamivir phosphate administration had adverse effects on the liver of mice and significantly increased messenger RNA expression levels of F4/80, interleukin-1ß, transforming growth factor-ß1, matrix metalloproteinase-12, and collagen. Taken together, our findings suggest that oseltamivir phosphate has limited benefits on atherosclerosis and carotid thrombosis and may lead to adverse side effects on the liver with increased inflammation and fibrosis.

Identification of CD36 as a new interaction partner of membrane NEU1: potential implication in the pro-atherogenic effects of the elastin receptor complex.

In addition to its critical role in lysosomes for catabolism of sialoglycoconjugates, NEU1 is expressed at the plasma membrane and regulates a myriad of receptors by desialylation, playing a key role in many pathophysiological processes. Here, we developed a proteomic approach dedicated to the purification and identification by LC-MS/MS of plasma membrane NEU1 interaction partners in human macrophages. Already known interaction partners were identified as well as several new candidates such as the class B scavenger receptor CD36. Interaction between NEU1 and CD36 was confirmed by complementary approaches. We showed that elastin-derived peptides (EDP) desialylate CD36 and that this effect was blocked by the V14 peptide, which blocks the interaction between bioactive EDP and the elastin receptor complex (ERC). Importantly, EDP also increased the uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophages that is blocked by both the V14 peptide and the sialidase inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA). These results demonstrate, for the first time, that binding of EDP to the ERC indirectly modulates CD36 sialylation level and regulates oxidized LDL uptake through this sialidase. These effects could contribute to the previously reported proatherogenic role of EDP and add a new dimension in the regulation of biological processes through NEU1.

Relevance of platelet desialylation and thrombocytopenia in type 2B von Willebrand disease: preclinical and clinical evidence.

Patients with type 2B von Willebrand disease (vWD) (caused by gain-of-function mutations in the gene coding for von Willebrand factor) display bleeding to a variable extent and, in some cases, thrombocytopenia. There are several underlying causes of thrombocytopenia in type 2B vWD. It was recently suggested that desialylation-mediated platelet clearance leads to thrombocytopenia in this disease. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in vivo The relationship between platelet desialylation and the platelet count was probed in 36 patients with type 2B von Willebrand disease (p.R1306Q, p.R1341Q, and p.V1316M mutations) and in a mouse model carrying the severe p.V1316M mutation (the 2B mouse). We observed abnormally high elevated levels of platelet desialylation in both patients with the p.V1316M mutation and the 2B mice. In vitro, we demonstrated that 2B p.V1316M/von Willebrand factor induced more desialylation of normal platelets than wild-type von Willebrand factor did. Furthermore, we found that N-glycans were desialylated and we identified αIIb and ß3 as desialylation targets. Treatment of 2B mice with sialidase inhibitors (which correct platelet desialylation) was not associated with the recovery of a normal platelet count. Lastly, we demonstrated that a critical platelet desialylation threshold (not achieved in either 2B patients or 2B mice) was required to induce thrombocytopenia in vivo In conclusion, in type 2B vWD, platelet desialylation has a minor role and is not sufficient to mediate thrombocytopenia.

Receptor for advanced glycation end products: a key molecule in the genesis of chronic kidney disease vascular calcification and a potential modulator of sodium phosphate co-transporter PIT-1 expression.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, frequent vascular calcification (VC) and accumulation of uraemic toxins. Advanced glycation end products and S100 proteins interact with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). In the present work, we aimed to investigate the role(s) of RAGE in the CKD-VC process. METHODS: Apoe-/- or Apoe-/-Ager (RAGE)-/- male mice were assigned to CKD or sham-operated groups. A high-phosphate diet was given to a subgroup of Apoe-/-and Apoe-/-Ager-/- CKD mice. Primary cultures of Ager+/+ and Ager-/- vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were established and stimulated with either vehicle, inorganic phosphate (Pi) or RAGE ligands (S100A12; 20 µM). RESULTS: After 12 weeks of CKD we observed a significant increase in RAGE ligand (AGE and S100 proteins) concentrations in the serum of CKD Apoe-/- mice. Ager messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were 4-fold higher in CKD vessels of Apoe-/- mice. CKD Apoe-/- but not CKD Apoe-/- or Ager-/- mice displayed a marked increase in the VC surface area. Similar trends were found in the high-phosphate diet condition. mRNA levels of Runx2 significantly increased in the Apoe-/- CKD group. In vitro, stimulation of Ager+/+VSMCs with Pi or S100A12 induced mineralization and osteoblast transformation, and this was inhibited by phosphonoformic acid (Pi co-transporters inhibitor) and Ager deletion. In vivo and in vitro RAGE was necessary for regulation of the expression of Pit-1, at least in part through production of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION: RAGE, through the modulation of Pit-1 expression, is a key molecule in the genesis of VC.

Systematic protein-protein interaction mapping for clinically relevant human GPCRs.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of integral membrane receptors with key roles in regulating signaling pathways targeted by therapeutics, but are difficult to study using existing proteomics technologies due to their complex biochemical features. To obtain a global view of GPCR-mediated signaling and to identify novel components of their pathways, we used a modified membrane yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) approach and identified interacting partners for 48 selected full-length human ligand-unoccupied GPCRs in their native membrane environment. The resulting GPCR interactome connects 686 proteins by 987 unique interactions, including 299 membrane proteins involved in a diverse range of cellular functions. To demonstrate the biological relevance of the GPCR interactome, we validated novel interactions of the GPR37, serotonin 5-HT4d, and adenosine ADORA2A receptors. Our data represent the first large-scale interactome mapping for human GPCRs and provide a valuable resource for the analysis of signaling pathways involving this druggable family of integral membrane proteins.

Protein interactome mining defines melatonin MT1 receptors as integral component of presynaptic protein complexes of neurons.

In mammals, the hormone melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland with nocturnal peak levels. Its peripheral and central actions rely either on its intrinsic antioxidant properties or on binding to melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors, belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) super-family. Melatonin has been reported to be involved in many functions of the central nervous system such as circadian rhythm regulation, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, memory, sleep, and also in Alzheimer's disease and depression. However, little is known about the subcellular localization of melatonin receptors and the molecular aspects involved in neuronal functions of melatonin. Identification of protein complexes associated with GPCRs has been shown to be a valid approach to improve our understanding of their function. By combining proteomic and genomic approaches we built an interactome of MT1 and MT2 receptors, which comprises 378 individual proteins. Among the proteins interacting with MT1 , but not with MT2 , we identified several presynaptic proteins, suggesting a potential role of MT1 in neurotransmission. Presynaptic localization of MT1 receptors in the hypothalamus, striatum, and cortex was confirmed by subcellular fractionation experiments and immunofluorescence microscopy. MT1 physically interacts with the voltage-gated calcium channel Cav 2.2 and inhibits Cav 2.2-promoted Ca(2+) entry in an agonist-independent manner. In conclusion, we show that MT1 is part of the presynaptic protein network and negatively regulates Cav 2.2 activity, providing a first hint for potential synaptic functions of MT1.

Elastin-derived peptides are new regulators of thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: Elastin is the major structural extracellular matrix component of the arterial wall that provides the elastic recoil properties and resilience essential for proper vascular function. Elastin-derived peptides (EDP) originating from elastin fragmentation during vascular remodeling have been shown to play an important role in cell physiology and development of cardiovascular diseases. However, their involvement in thrombosis has been unexplored to date. In this study, we investigated the effects of EDP on (1) platelet aggregation and related signaling and (2) thrombus formation. We also characterized the mechanism by which EDP regulate thrombosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We show that EDP, derived from organo-alkaline hydrolysate of bovine insoluble elastin (kappa-elastin), decrease human platelet aggregation in whole blood induced by weak and strong agonists, such as ADP, epinephrine, arachidonic acid, collagen, TRAP, and U46619. In a mouse whole blood perfusion assay over a collagen matrix, kappa-elastin and VGVAPG, the canonical peptide recognizing the elastin receptor complex, significantly decrease thrombus formation under arterial shear conditions. We confirmed these results in vivo by demonstrating that both kappa-elastin and VGVAPG significantly prolonged the time for complete arteriole occlusion in a mouse model of thrombosis and increased tail bleeding times. Finally, we demonstrate that the regulatory role of EDP on thrombosis relies on platelets that express a functional elastin receptor complex and on the ability of EDP to disrupt plasma von Willebrand factor interaction with collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the complex nature of the mechanisms governing thrombus formation and reveal an unsuspected regulatory role for circulating EDP in thrombosis.

Interaction between the elastin peptide VGVAPG and human elastin binding protein.

The elastin binding protein (EBP), a spliced variant of lysosomal ß-galactosidase, is the primary receptor of elastin peptides that have been linked to emphysema, aneurysm and cancer progression. The sequences recognized by EBP share the XGXXPG consensus pattern found in numerous matrix proteins, notably in elastin where the VGVAPG motif is repeated. To delineate the elastin binding site of human EBP, we built a homology model of this protein and docked VGVAPG on its surface. Analysis of this model suggested that Gln-97 and Asp-98 were required for interaction with VGVAPG because they contribute to the definition of a pocket thought to represent the elastin binding site of EBP. Additionally, we proposed that Leu-103, Arg-107, and Glu-137 were essential residues because they could interact with VGVAPG itself. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments at these key positions validated our model. This work therefore provides the first structural data concerning the interaction of the VGVAPG with its cognate receptor. The present structural data should now allow the development of EBP-specific antagonists.

Molecular organization and dynamics of the melatonin MT1 receptor/RGS20/G(i) protein complex reveal asymmetry of receptor dimers for RGS and G(i) coupling.

Functional asymmetry of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimers has been reported for an increasing number of cases, but the molecular architecture of signalling units associated to these dimers remains unclear. Here, we characterized the molecular complex of the melatonin MT1 receptor, which directly and constitutively couples to G(i) proteins and the regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) 20. The molecular organization of the ternary MT1/G(i)/RGS20 complex was monitored in its basal and activated state by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between probes inserted at multiple sites of the complex. On the basis of the reported crystal structures of G(i) and the RGS domain, we propose a model wherein one G(i) and one RGS20 protein bind to separate protomers of MT1 dimers in a pre-associated complex that rearranges upon agonist activation. This model was further validated with MT1/MT2 heterodimers. Collectively, our data extend the concept of asymmetry within GPCR dimers, reinforce the notion of receptor specificity for RGS proteins and highlight the advantage of GPCRs organized as dimers in which each protomer fulfils its specific task by binding to different GPCR-interacting proteins.

Sialic acids cleavage induced by elastin-derived peptides impairs the interaction between insulin and its receptor in adipocytes 3T3-L1.

The insulin receptor (IR) plays an important role in insulin signal transduction, the defect of which is believed to be the root cause of type 2 diabetes. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes as in other cell types, the mature IR is a heterotetrameric cell surface glycoprotein composed of two α subunits and two ß subunits. Our objective in our study, is to understand how the desialylation of N-glycan chains, induced by elastin-derived peptides, plays a major role in the function of the IR. Using the 3T3-L1 adipocyte line, we show that removal of the sialic acid from N-glycan chains (N893 and N908), induced by the elastin receptor complex (ERC) and elastin derived-peptides (EDPs), leads to a decrease in the autophosphorylation activity of the insulin receptor. We demonstrate by molecular dynamics approaches that the absence of sialic acids on one of these two sites is sufficient to generate local and general modifications of the structure of the IR. Biochemical approaches highlight a decrease in the interaction between insulin and its receptor when ERC sialidase activity is induced by EDPs. Therefore, desialylation by EDPs is synonymous with a decrease of IR sensitivity in adipocytes and could thus be a potential source of insulin resistance associated with diabetic conditions.

Differential assembly of GPCR signaling complexes determines signaling specificity.

Recent proteomic and biochemical evidence indicates that cellular -signaling is organized in protein modules. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are privileged entry points for extracellular signals that are transmitted through the plasma membrane into the cell. The adequate cellular response and signaling specificity is regulated by GPCR-associated protein modules. The composition of these modules is dynamic and might depend on receptor stimulation, the proteome of a given cellular context, the subcellular localization of receptor-associated modules, the formation of GPCR oligomers and the variation of expression levels of components of these modules under physiological, for example circadian rhythm, or pathological conditions. The current article will highlight the importance of GPCR-associated protein modules as a biochemical basis for signaling specificity.

Effect of bone density on the survival of 407 sandblasted and acid-etched dental implants: A retrospective multicenter study.

Background: This study evaluated the success and survival rate of sandblasted and acid-etched dental implants according to the patient's bone quality. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in five clinical centers between 2016 and March 2019. A total of 407 implants (KONTACTTM S, Biotech Dental, France) placed in 229 patients (61.5±12.9 years old) were included. Bone quality, classified as types D1 to D4 (Misch classification), maximal insertion torque, and bone loss were measured. The implant survival rate was evaluated after one year for the overall cohort and for each bone quality. The overall survival rate after four years was also estimated with a Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: After one year (12.8±9.6 months), eight implants were lost out of 407, representing an overall survival rate of 98%. It ranged from 100% for D1 to 89.7% for D4 (n=39), with significantly higher survival rates for D2 (n=93) and D3 (n=165) (98.9% and 98.2%, respectively) compared to D4. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, an overall survival rate of 96.5% was estimated after four years. An average maximal insertion torque of 45±12.6 N.cm and bone loss of 0.2±1.2 mm were measured. Conclusion: The high overall survival rate (98%), the average maximal insertion torque (45 N.cm), and the low marginal bone loss indicated good clinical results with acid-etched implants. Despite the relatively high survival rate for each bone quality, the significantly lower results in the D4 group highlight the expected benefits of bone quality-based implants and surgical protocols.

Pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing: A review from VascAgeNet.

Vascular ageing, characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels of which arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are key components, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and other age-related diseases. As the global population continues to age, understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate vascular ageing becomes crucial for improving cardiovascular health outcomes. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge on pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing, highlighting key strategies and promising therapeutic targets. Several molecular pathways have been identified as central players in vascular ageing, including oxidative stress and inflammation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cellular senescence, macroautophagy, extracellular matrix remodelling, calcification, and gasotransmitter-related signalling. Pharmacological and dietary interventions targeting these pathways have shown potential in ameliorating age-related vascular changes. Nevertheless, the development and application of drugs targeting vascular ageing is complicated by various inherent challenges and limitations, such as certain preclinical methodological considerations, interactions with exercise training and sex/gender-related differences, which should be taken into account. Overall, pharmacological modulation of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness as hallmarks of vascular ageing, holds great promise for improving cardiovascular health in the ageing population. Nonetheless, further research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the efficacy and safety of these interventions for clinical translation.

Neuraminidase-1: A Sialidase Involved in the Development of Cancers and Metabolic Diseases.

Sialidases or neuraminidases (NEU) are glycosidases which cleave terminal sialic acid residues from glycoproteins, glycolipids and oligosaccharides. Four types of mammalian sialidases, which are encoded by different genes, have been described with distinct substrate specificity and subcellular localization: NEU-1, NEU-2, NEU-3 and NEU-4. Among them, NEU-1 regulates many membrane receptors through desialylation which results in either the activation or inhibition of these receptors. At the plasma membrane, NEU-1 also associates with the elastin-binding protein and the carboxypeptidase protective protein/cathepsin A to form the elastin receptor complex. The activation of NEU-1 is required for elastogenesis and signal transduction through this receptor, and this is responsible for the biological effects that are mediated by the elastin-derived peptides (EDP) on obesity, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Furthermore, NEU-1 expression is upregulated in hepatocellular cancer at the mRNA and protein levels in patients, and this sialidase regulates the hepatocellular cancer cells' proliferation and migration. The implication of NEU-1 in other cancer types has also been shown notably in the development of pancreatic carcinoma and breast cancer. Altogether, these data indicate that NEU-1 plays a key role not only in metabolic disorders, but also in the development of several cancers which make NEU-1 a pharmacological target of high potential in these physiopathological contexts.

The Elastin Receptor Complex: An Emerging Therapeutic Target Against Age-Related Vascular Diseases.

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing worldwide with the growing aging of the population. Biological aging has major influence on the vascular tree and is associated with critical changes in the morphology and function of the arterial wall together with an extensive remodeling of the vascular extracellular matrix. Elastic fibers fragmentation and release of elastin degradation products, also known as elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), are typical hallmarks of aged conduit arteries. Along with the direct consequences of elastin fragmentation on the mechanical properties of arteries, the release of EDPs has been shown to modulate the development and/or progression of diverse vascular and metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Most of the biological effects mediated by these bioactive peptides are due to a peculiar membrane receptor called elastin receptor complex (ERC). This heterotrimeric receptor contains a peripheral protein called elastin-binding protein, the protective protein/cathepsin A, and a transmembrane sialidase, the neuraminidase-1 (NEU1). In this review, after an introductive part on the consequences of aging on the vasculature and the release of EDPs, we describe the composition of the ERC, the signaling pathways triggered by this receptor, and the current pharmacological strategies targeting ERC activation. Finally, we present and discuss new regulatory functions that have emerged over the last few years for the ERC through desialylation of membrane glycoproteins by NEU1, and its potential implication in receptor transactivation.

Characterization of novel interactions with membrane NEU1 highlights new regulatory functions for the Elastin Receptor Complex in monocyte interaction with endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Vascular aging is associated with remodeling of elastin, one of the main extracellular matrix component of the arterial wall, and production of elastin-derived peptides (EDP). These extracellular matrix degradation products have been shown to trigger biological activities through the elastin receptor complex (ERC) and data from the last decade have brought significant insights on the critical role played by its NEU1 subunit in the biological effects mediated by EDP and the ERC in vascular and metabolic diseases. RESULTS: Using a proteomic approach, we previously identified new potential interaction partners of membrane NEU1. Here, we validated the interaction between NEU1 and the ß2 integrin in human monocytes and show that binding of EDP to the ERC leads to desialylation of ß2 integrin through NEU1. A similar action mechanism was identified in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Importantly, these effects were associated with a significant increase in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and monocyte transendothelial migration. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that membrane NEU1 sialidase interacts and modulates the sialylation levels of the ß2 integrin and ICAM-1 through the ERC in monocytes and endothelial cells, respectively, and suggest that EDP and the ERC, through this newly identified common mode of action governed by NEU1, may be important regulators of circulating monocyte recruitment to inflamed vascular sites. Moreover, by its ability to interact with and to modulate the sialylation of key membrane glycoproteins through NEU1, new biological functions are anticipated for EDP and the ERC in elastin remodeling-associated disorders.

Identification and Evaluation of New Potential Inhibitors of Human Neuraminidase 1 Extracted from Olyra latifolia L.: A Preliminary Study.

Sialidases, also called neuraminidases, are involved in several human pathologies such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, as well as infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have shown that neuraminidases, such as neuraminidase 1 (NEU-1), may be promising pharmacological targets. Therefore, the discovery of new selective inhibitors of NEU-1 are necessary to better understand the biological functions of this sialidase. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of nine known compounds from Olyra latifolia L. leaves. This plant, known to have several therapeutic properties, belongs to the family of Poaceae and is found in the neotropics and in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Among the purified compounds, feddeiketone B, 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diméthoxyphényl)-l-propanone, and syringylglycerol were shown to present structural analogy with DANA, and their effects on membrane NEU-1 sialidase activity were evaluated. Our results show that they possess inhibitory effects against NEU-1-mediated sialidase activity at the plasma membrane. In conclusion, we identified new natural bioactive molecules extracted from Olyra latifolia as inhibitors of human NEU-1 of strong interest to elucidate the biological functions of this sialidase and to target this protein involved in several pathophysiological contexts.