SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Elicited Immunity after B Cell Depletion in Multiple Sclerosis.

The impact of B cell deficiency on the humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccination remains a challenging and significant clinical management question. We evaluated vaccine-elicited serological and cellular responses in 1) healthy individuals who were pre-exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (n = 21), 2) healthy individuals who received a homologous booster (mRNA, n = 19; or Novavax, n = 19), and 3) persons with multiple sclerosis on B cell depletion therapy (MS-αCD20) receiving mRNA homologous boosting (n = 36). Pre-exposure increased humoral and CD4 T cellular responses in immunocompetent individuals. Novavax homologous boosting induced a significantly more robust serological response than mRNA boosting. MS-α CD20 had an intact IgA mucosal response and an enhanced CD8 T cell response to mRNA boosting compared with immunocompetent individuals. This enhanced cellular response was characterized by the expansion of only effector, not memory, T cells. The enhancement of CD8 T cells in the setting of B cell depletion suggests a regulatory mechanism between B and CD8 T cell vaccine responses.

Contamination and bioaccumulation of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in fish from Manila Bay, the Philippines using an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) used in plastic products, building materials and personal hygiene products were analyzed in fishes collected from Manila Bay, the Philippines. BUVSs were detected at ng g⁻¹ level in all the fish samples, indicating their ubiquitous contamination in coastal waters. Among the targeted eight BUVSs, UV-328 was predominantly found with a mean concentration of 34.2 ng g⁻¹ lipid weight, implying large scale production and use of this compound in the Philippines. High concentrations of ∑BUVSs were found in bumpnose trevally (Carangoides hedlandensis), bluetail mullet (adult) (Valamugil buchanani), common ponyfish (Leiognathus equulus) and coral grouper (adult) (Epinephelus corallicola) indicating their active uptake and/or lower metabolic capacity to eliminate BUVSs. Among BUVSs, UV-P showed significant positive relationship (p<0.05) between concentration and fish length (r=0.29) and fish weight (r=0.31). Levels of UV-P in demersal species had positive correlation with δ¹5N, indicating that possibile sink of UV-P is bottom sediment in the bay, and ultimately accumulate through benthic food web rather than pelagic food web. To our knowledge, this is the first study on BUVSs distribution in fish from developing countries.