Mandibular Reconstruction: Overview.

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular reconstruction has changed significantly over the years and continues to evolve with the introduction of newer technologies and techniques. PURPOSE: This article reviews the history of oromandibular reconstruction, biomechanics of mandible, summarizes the reconstruction options available for mandible with defect classification, goals in reconstruction, the various donor sites, current reconstructive options, dental rehabilitation and persistent associated problems. SUMMARY: Oromandibular reconstruction, although a challenge for the head and neck reconstructive surgeon, is now reliable and highly successful with excellent long-term functional and aesthetic outcomes with the use of autogenous bone grafts and current reconstructive options. The ideal reconstruction would provide a solid arch to articulate with the upper jaw, restoring swallowing speech, mastication, and esthetics. Autogenous vascularized bone grafts in combination with microsurgical techniques have revolutionized mandibular reconstruction in oral cancer surgery. Current trends in mandibular reconstruction aim to achieve reestablishment of a viable mandible of proper form and maxillary mandibular relationship while decreasing the need for invasive autogenous graft procurement. However the optimal reconstruction of mandibular defects is still controversial in regards to reconstructive options which include the donor site selection, timing of surgery and method of reconstruction.

Vibrational and electronic spectra of N-aryl ring substituted (Z)-N-(4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)benzamide compounds.

In the present paper the vibrational, electronic and nonlinear optical properties of three N-aryl ring substituted (Z)-N-(4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)benzamide compounds have been investigated by UV-vis, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic measurements. The electrochemical properties of the compounds were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Density functional theory calculations with B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) basis set was used to determine the ground state molecular geometries (bond lengths and bond angles), harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman activities of title compounds. Potential energy distributions (PEDs) and normal modes, for the spectral data computed at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level, have also been obtained from force-field calculations. A comparison of the theoretical spectra and experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule has been made and full vibrational assignments of the observed spectra have been proposed. The substituent effect on the electronic properties of the title compounds were investigated by time-dependent density functional theory calculations.