RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The expression of programmed cell death ligand protein (PD-L1) is weakly investigated in non-tumoral and inflammatory prostatic pathology. The diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis (GP) rests on the recognition of localized or diffuse epithelioid granulomatous inflammation in prostatic tissue which is frequently difficult by conventional histological observation alone. PD-L1 expression in GP is not well studied so far. METHODS: We studied PD-L1 expression in 17 GP cases (9 nonspecific GP, 5 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin induced prostatitis, 1 prostatic tuberculosis, and 3 cases of postsurgical prostatic granulomas). The control group included 10 radical prostatectomies of patients with high Gleason score prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) and National Institutes of Health-category IV prostatitis (high-grade histologic prostatitis; HG-HP). RESULTS: All of the GP cases showed easily visible strong membranous PD-L1 expression (high levels of combined positive score) in localized and diffuse epithelioid granulomatous prostatic inflammation. None of the control cases showed the presence of significant PD-L1 expression in inflammatory infiltrates in HG-HP, tumor parenchyma, and stroma in PCa. CONCLUSIONS: The study presents the first attempt to examine PD-L1 expression in GP. Granulomatous inflammation in GP is easily identified when stained with PD-L1.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Prostatite , Masculino , Humanos , Prostatite/patologia , Antígeno B7-H1 , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Granuloma/patologia , InflamaçãoRESUMO
Hybrid cysts originate from more than two components of the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of this cystic lesion remains unclear. Most of the investigated cases have scalp and face predilection. The lesion is predominantly observed in females. We present a case of a 69-year-old woman with a painless cutaneous nodule measuring 0.7 cm on the right calf. After a surgical excision, the histological investigation showed that the normal epidermis was elevated by a deeply encapsulated intradermal cyst, which was lined by two distinct histological types of epithelium with an abrupt transition between them. One-half of the cystic surface consisted of a keratinizing squamous layer with a granular layer and keratin lamellae, while the other half was lined by epithelium showing pilomatricial differentiation. Finally, an extremely rare diagnosis was set of a hybrid cyst.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Aberrant expression of CK7/CK20/CDX2 is reported in percentage of colorectal carcinomas (CRC).
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA/genética , Queratina-20/genética , Queratina-20/metabolismo , Mutação , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Fenótipo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide. The usual immunophenotype of colorectal adenocarcinoma is CDX2 positive, CK20 positive, and CK7 negative. Aberrant expression is reported in a variety of colorectal carcinomas but its relation to morphological variables and survival data is still unclear.