Anxiety levels of patients undergoing common dermatologic procedures versus those seeking general dermatologic care.

Patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery frequently experience anxiety as a result of multiple potential factors. There is currently no data regarding how this anxiety compares to other common procedures performed in dermatology offices, such as shave biopsy and excision, relative to a general dermatology visit. Herein, we conducted a survey of 471 dermatology patients at an academic medical center, using a validated tool (Visual Analogue Scale from 1 "no anxiety at all" to 10 "extremely anxious").

Detection of GNAQ mutations and reduction of cell viability in uveal melanoma cells with functionalized gold nanoparticles.

BACKGROUND: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Early treatment may improve any chances of preventing metastatic disease, but diagnosis of small UM is challenging. Up to 95 % of all UMs carry somatic mutations in the G-coupled proteins GNAQ and GNA11 promoting anchorage-independent growth and proliferation. About 50 % of UMs are fatal. Once metastatic, patients have limited options for successful therapy. METHODS: We have developed functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to visualize transcripts of mutant GNAQ mRNA in living cells. In addition to their suitability as a specific tool for GNAQ mutation detection, we have developed a novel linker that enables conjugation of siRNAs to AuNPs allowing for greater and more rapid intracellular release of siRNAs compared to previously described approaches. RESULTS: Binding of modified AuNPs to matching target mRNA leads to conformational changes, resulting in a detectable fluorescent signal that can be used for mutation detection in living cells. Knockdown of GNAQ with siRNA-AuNPs effectively reduced downstream signals and decreased cell viability in GNAQ mutant uveal melanoma cells. CONCLUSION: AuNPs may in future be developed to serve as sensors for mutations of vital importance. The new release system for siRNA-AuNP improves previous systems, which conceivably will be useful for future therapeutic gene regulatory approaches.

The use of botanical products and vitamins in sunscreens.

The use of botanical products and vitamins in skin care creams and sunscreens is prevalent. Herein we conduct an evaluation of sunscreens to quantitatively assess how often sunscreens incorporate botanically derived products and vitamins. The most commonly used botanicals products and vitamins are identified and stratified based on the sunscreen sun protection factor (SPF). The overall prevalence for the use of botanical agents and vitamins was 62% and 79%, respectively. Aloe vera and licorice root extracts were the most common botanical agents used in sunscreens. Retinyl palmitate was the most common vitamin derivative utilized in sunscreens. The prices of sunscreens significantly increased when more than one botanical product was added. Botanical products and vitamins are widely utilized in sunscreens and more research is needed to assess how their inclusion may enhance or alter the function of sunscreens.

Religiosity and quality of life of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and of caregivers: Relationship with clinical aspects.

There are few studies on the religiosity of people with Alzheimer's disease (PwAD) and caregivers, relation with quality of life (QoL) and clinical aspects. OBJECTIVE: To assess the religiosity and QoL of 39 PwAD and their caregivers; to compare perceived QoL and religiosity of the PwAD with those of their caregivers; to associate QoL and religiosity with the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and depression with cognitive performance of PwAD. RESULTS: Organizational religiosity was greater in caregivers. The AD patients had poorer perceived QoL than their caregivers. Caregiver religiosity correlated with that of the AD patients. Higher intrinsic religiosity was associated with lower occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Better caregiver QoL correlated with cognitive performance. Lower occurrence of depression correlated with better QoL of the caregivers and AD patients. CONCLUSION: The religiosity of caregivers was correlated with that of the AD patients. Better QoL and lower religiosity were observed in caregivers when compared with the AD patients. Caregiver religiosity and QoL were associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive aspects and depression.

São poucos os estudos da religiosidade de indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer (AD) e de cuidadores e as relações com a qualidade de vida (QV) e aspectos clinicos. OBJETIVO: Relacionar os dados do Duke University Religion Index e da Quality of life in Alzheimer's disease scale de 39 idosos (AD: leve ou moderada) e do cuidador com aspectos clínicos, cognitivos e comportamentais. RESULTADOS: religiosidade organizacional é maior nos cuidadores. Idosos com AD percebem pior QV do que o cuidador. Religiosidade do cuidador correlacionou-se com a dos idosos. Maior religiosidade intrínseca relacionou-se com menor ocorrência de sintomas neuropsiquiátricas. Melhor QV dos cuidadores correlacionou-se com desempenho cognitivo. Menor ocorrência de depressão correlacionou-se a melhor QV dos cuidadores e dos idosos. CONCLUSÃO: A religiosidade dos cuidadores relaciona-se com a dos idosos. Melhor QV e menor religiosidade foi observada nos cuidadores quando comparadas a dos idosos. Religiosidade e QV dos cuidadores associam-se com aspectos neuropsiquiátricos, cognitivos e com a ocorrência de depressão.

Religiosity and quality of life of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and of caregivers: Relationship with clinical aspects / Religiosidade e qualidade de vida do individuos com doença de alzheimer e do cuidador: relações com aspectos clínicos e cognitivos

ABSTRACT There are few studies on the religiosity of people with Alzheimer's disease (PwAD) and caregivers, relation with quality of life (QoL) and clinical aspects. Objective: To assess the religiosity and QoL of 39 PwAD and their caregivers; to compare perceived QoL and religiosity of the PwAD with those of their caregivers; to associate QoL and religiosity with the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and depression with cognitive performance of PwAD. Results: Organizational religiosity was greater in caregivers. The AD patients had poorer perceived QoL than their caregivers. Caregiver religiosity correlated with that of the AD patients. Higher intrinsic religiosity was associated with lower occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Better caregiver QoL correlated with cognitive performance. Lower occurrence of depression correlated with better QoL of the caregivers and AD patients. Conclusion: The religiosity of caregivers was correlated with that of the AD patients. Better QoL and lower religiosity were observed in caregivers when compared with the AD patients. Caregiver religiosity and QoL were associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive aspects and depression.

RESUMO São poucos os estudos da religiosidade de indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer (AD) e de cuidadores e as relações com a qualidade de vida (QV) e aspectos clinicos. Objetivo: Relacionar os dados do Duke University Religion Index e da Quality of life in Alzheimer's disease scale de 39 idosos (AD: leve ou moderada) e do cuidador com aspectos clínicos, cognitivos e comportamentais. Resultados: religiosidade organizacional é maior nos cuidadores. Idosos com AD percebem pior QV do que o cuidador. Religiosidade do cuidador correlacionou-se com a dos idosos. Maior religiosidade intrínseca relacionou-se com menor ocorrência de sintomas neuropsiquiátricas. Melhor QV dos cuidadores correlacionou-se com desempenho cognitivo. Menor ocorrência de depressão correlacionou-se a melhor QV dos cuidadores e dos idosos. Conclusão: A religiosidade dos cuidadores relaciona-se com a dos idosos. Melhor QV e menor religiosidade foi observada nos cuidadores quando comparadas a dos idosos. Religiosidade e QV dos cuidadores associam-se com aspectos neuropsiquiátricos, cognitivos e com a ocorrência de depressão.

The risk of melanoma in airline pilots and cabin crew: a meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE: Airline pilots and cabin crew are occupationally exposed to higher levels of cosmic and UV radiation than the general population, but their risk of developing melanoma is not yet established. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of melanoma in pilots and airline crew. DATA SOURCES: PubMed (1966 to October 30, 2013), Web of Science (1898 to January 27, 2014), and Scopus (1823 to January 27, 2014). STUDY SELECTION: All studies were included that reported a standardized incidence ratio (SIR), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), or data on expected and observed cases of melanoma or death caused by melanoma that could be used to calculate an SIR or SMR in any flight-based occupation. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Primary random-effect meta-analyses were used to summarize SIR and SMR for melanoma in any flight-based occupation. Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2 test and I2 statistic. To assess the potential bias of small studies, we used funnel plots, the Begg rank correlation test, and the Egger weighted linear regression test. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Summary SIR and SMR of melanoma in pilots and cabin crew. RESULTS: Of the 3527 citations retrieved, 19 studies were included, with more than 266 431 participants. The overall summary SIR of participants in any flight-based occupation was 2.21 (95% CI, 1.76-2.77; P < .001; 14 records). The summary SIR for pilots was 2.22 (95% CI, 1.67-2.93; P = .001; 12 records). The summary SIR for cabin crew was 2.09 (95% CI, 1.67-2.62; P = .45; 2 records). The overall summary SMR of participants in any flight-based occupation was 1.42 (95% CI, 0.89-2.26; P = .002; 6 records). The summary SMR for pilots was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.27-2.63, P = .33; 4 records). The summary SMR for cabin crew was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.80-1.01; P = .97; 2 records). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Pilots and cabin crew have approximately twice the incidence of melanoma compared with the general population. Further research on mechanisms and optimal occupational protection is needed.