Clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcomes for Enterococcus faecalis versus Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infections: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

PURPOSES: Enterococcal BSI is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with fatality rates of approximately 20-30%. There are microbiological and clinical differences between E. faecalis and E. faecium infections. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in predisposing factors for E. faecalis and E. faecium BSI and to explore prognostic factors. METHODS: This study was a post-hoc analysis of PROBAC, a Spanish prospective, multicenter, cohort in 2016-2017. Patients with E. faecalis or E. faecium BSI were eligible. Independent predictors for BSI development in polymicrobial and monomicrobial BSI and in-hospital mortality in the monomicrobial group were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 431 patients were included. Independent factors associated with E. faecium BSI were previous use of penicillins (aOR 1.99 (95% CI 1.20-3.32)) or carbapenems (2.35 (1.12-4.93)), hospital-acquired BSI (2.58 (1.61-4.12)), and biliary tract source (3.36 (1.84-6.13)), while congestive heart failure (0.51 (0.27-0.97)), cerebrovascular disease (0.45 (0.21-0.98)), and urinary tract source (0.49 (0.26-0.92)) were associated with E. faecalis BSI. Independent prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality in E. faecalis BSI were Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.27 (1.08-1.51)), SOFA score (1.47 (1.24-1.73)), age (1.06 (1.02-1.10)), and urinary/biliary source (0.29 (0.09-0.90)). For E. faecium BSI, only SOFA score (1.34 (1.14-1.58) was associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with E. faecium and E. faecalis BSI are different. These variables may be helpful in the suspicion of one or other species for empiric therapeutic decisions and provide valuable information on prognosis.

Risk Factors and Predictive Score for Bacteremic Biliary Tract Infections Due to Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium: a Multicenter Cohort Study from the PROBAC Project.

Biliary-tract bloodstream infections (BT-BSI) caused by Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are associated with inappropriate empirical treatment and worse outcomes compared to other etiologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for enterococcal BT-BSI. Patients with BT-BSI from the PROBAC cohort, including consecutive patients with BSI in 26 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and March 2017, were selected; episodes caused by E. faecalis or E. faecium and other causes were compared. Independent predictors for enterococci were identified by logistic regression, and a predictive score was developed. Eight hundred fifty episodes of BT-BSI were included; 73 (8.5%) were due to target Enterococcus spp. (48 [66%] were E. faecium and 25 [34%] E. faecalis). By multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated with Enterococcus spp. were (OR; 95% confidence interval): cholangiocarcinoma (4.48;1.32 to 15.25), hospital acquisition (3.58;2.11 to 6.07), use of carbapenems in the previous month (3.35;1.45 to 7.78), biliary prosthesis (2.19;1.24 to 3.90), and moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (1.55;1.07 to 2.26). The AUC of the model was 0.74 [95% CI0.67 to 0.80]. A score was developed, with 7, 6, 5, 4, and 2 points for these variables, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 95% for a score ≤ 6. A model, including cholangiocarcinoma, biliary prosthesis, hospital acquisition, previous carbapenems, and chronic kidney disease showed moderate prediction ability for enterococcal BT-BSI. Although the score will need to be validated, this information may be useful for deciding empirical therapy in biliary tract infections when bacteremia is suspected. IMPORTANCE Biliary tract infections are frequent, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Bacteremia is common in these infections, particularly in the elderly and patients with cancer. Inappropriate empirical treatment has been associated with increased risk of mortality in bacteremic cholangitis, and the probability of receiving inactive empirical treatment is higher in episodes caused by enterococci. This is because many of the antimicrobial agents recommended in guidelines for biliary tract infections lack activity against these organisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the predictive factors for enterococcal BT-BSI and deriving a predictive score.

Lesión pretibial izquierda fluctuante postraumática / Post-traumatic fluctuant pretibial wound on the left leg

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Acute zoonotic total knee prosthetic joint infection due to Pasteurella multocida treated successfully with debridement, irrigation and antibiotics without prosthesis removal / Desbridamiento y tratamiento antibiótico en un caso de infección protésica de rodillla por Pasteurella multocida

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Dalbavancin for treating prosthetic joint infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria: A proposal for a low dose strategy. A retrospective cohort study / Dalbavancina para el tratamiento de infección periprotésica causada por microorganismos grampositivos. Propuesta para una estrategia con dosis bajas. Un estudio retrospectivo de cohortes

BACKGROUND: Gram-positive bacteria are the leading cause of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with remarkable pharmacokinetic properties and high bactericidal activity against most Gram-positive bacteria. Although clear evidence regarding its effectiveness in bone and joint infections lacks, recent studies suggest a promising role of dalbavancin in PJI. METHODS: From June 1st 2016 to May 1st 2018, all patients diagnosed of PJI and treated with DAL alone or in combination with other drugs were retrospectively evaluated. Dalbavancin susceptibility of every isolate was studied following CLSI criteria. The primary objective was to assess the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the drug in patients with PJI. A cost-analysis was performed following the DALBUSE study methodology. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were treated with dalbavancin, eight with total hip arthroplasty infection (THAi) and eight with total knee arthroplasty infection (TKAi). Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were the microorganisms involved. No major side effects were detected. Infection resolved in 12 patients. In 2 patients the treatment failed, and another patient died due to unrelated causes. One patient is currently being treated for hematogenous-spread knee infection secondary to prosthetic aortic arch endocarditis. After discontinuation of dalbavancin, and excluding patients who died or with clinical failure, the median follow up of the cohort was 503 days (interquartile range IQR, 434.5 to 567 days). We calculate that US$ 264,769 were saved. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that dalbavancin treatment for PJI caused by Gram-positive bacteria is a safe and effective option that reduces hospital stay and costs. Future reports are needed to confirm these findings

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las bacterias grampositivas son la principal causa de infección periprotésica (IPP). Dalbavancina es un lipoglicopéptido con interesantes propiedades farmacocinéticas y una importante actividad bactericida frente a la mayoría de grampositivos. Aunque aún necesitamos mayor evidencia en relación con su uso en infección osteoarticular, estudios recientes sugieren un papel importante de dalbavancina en la IPP. MÉTODOS: Desde el 1 de Junio de 2016 al 1 de Mayo de 2018, todos los pacientes diagnosticados con IPP y tratados con dalbavancina sola o en combinación con otros fármacos fueron evaluados de forma retrospectiva. La sensibilidad a dalbavancina de los aislamientos fue evaluada según las recomendaciones de CLSI. El objetivo primario fue determinar la eficacia y tolerabilidad del fármaco en pacientes con IPP. Se realizó un análisis de coste siguiendo la metodología descrita en el estudio DALBUSE. RESULTADOS: Dieciséis pacientes fueron tratados con dalbavancina, ocho con infección de prótesis total de cadera y ocho con infección de prótesis total de rodilla. Staphylococcus spp. y Enterococcus spp. fueron los microorganismos implicados. No hubo efectos adversos relevantes. La infección se resolvió en 12 pacientes. En dos pacientes el tratamiento falló, y otro paciente falleció por causas no relacionadas. Un paciente es actualmente en tratamiento supresor por infección por diseminación hematógena de prótesis total de rodilla a partir de endocarditis protésica aórtica. Tras la discontinuación de dalbavancina, y exceptuando los pacientes fallecidos y/o con fallo terapéutico, el seguimiento medio fue de 503 días (rango intercuartílico 434.5-567 dias). Se estimó un ahorro de 264.769 dólares USA. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio sugiere que dalbavancina para el tratamiento de IPP causada por microorganismos grampositivos es segura y una opción eficaz que reduce la estancia hospitalaria y los costes. Se precisan más comunicaciones para confirmar estos datos

Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea por Helicobacter pylori en paciente cirrótico coinfectado por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y virus de la hepatitis C / Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Helicobacter pylori in a cirrhotic patient with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection

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