Synthesis of 4(3H)quinazolinimines with selective cytotoxic effect on human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.

We synthesized a new family of six 4(3H)quinazolinimines based on the reaction between (E)-N-(2-cyanophenyl)benzimidoyl chloride and substituted anilines reaching the formation of their corresponding C2, N3-substituted quinazoliniminium chlorides. This method provides novel, direct and flexible access to diverse substituted 4(3H)quinazolinimines. New compounds obtained following the proposed synthesis were fully characterized and, including the thirteen 4(3H)quinazolinimines synthesized by this method and previously reported by us, were used to study its cytotoxic effect on neoplastic cell lines. The mechanism involved in cell toxicity was also studied. Results showed that these compounds were highly cytotoxic, in particular on Human Promyelocytic Leukemia cells (HL60) and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia cells (K562) when compared with conventional antineoplastic drugs such as etoposide and cisplatin. The mechanism associated to cytotoxic effect was mainly apoptosis, which not was decreased by antioxidant addition, thereby suggesting that the compounds exert apoptotic death through a mechanism unrelated with oxidative stress.

Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Are Olfactory Neuronal Precursors Useful for Antemortem Biomarker Research?

Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the main cause of dementia, affects millions of people around the world, whose diagnosis is based mainly on clinical criteria. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is obtained very late, when the neurodegenerative damage is significant for most patients. Therefore, the exhaustive study of biomarkers is indispensable for diagnostic, prognostic, and even follow-up support. AD is a multifactorial disease, and knowing its underlying pathological mechanisms is crucial to propose new and valuable biomarkers. In this review, we summarize some of the main biomarkers described in AD, which have been evaluated mainly by imaging studies in cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples. Furthermore, we describe and propose neuronal precursors derived from the olfactory neuroepithelium as a potential resource to evaluate some of the widely known biomarkers of AD and to gear toward searching for new biomarkers. These neuronal lineage cells, which can be obtained directly from patients through a non-invasive and outpatient procedure, display several characteristics that validate them as a surrogate model to study the central nervous system, allowing the analysis of AD pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the ease of obtaining and harvesting endows them as an accessible and powerful resource to evaluate biomarkers in clinical practice.

Using Plantain Rachis Fibers and Mopa-Mopa Resin to Develop a Fully Biobased Composite Material.

A completely biobased composite material was developed using a matrix of natural resin extracted from the Elaegia pastoensis Mora plant, commonly known as Mopa-Mopa or "Barniz de Pasto", reinforced with fibers extracted from plantain rachis agricultural residues. A solvent process, involving grinding, distillation, filtration, and drying stages, was implemented to extract the resin from the plant bud. To obtain the resin from the plant bud, the vegetable material was ground and then dissolved in a water-alcohol blend, followed by distillation, filtration, and grinding until the powdered resin was ready for use in the preparation of the biocomposite. Likewise, using mechanical techniques, the plantain rachis fibers were extracted and worked in their native condition and with a previous alkalinization surface treatment. Finally, the biocomposite material was developed with and without incorporating stearic acid, which was included to reduce the material's moisture absorption. Ultimately stearic acid was used as an additive to reduce biocomposite moisture absorption. The tensile mechanical results showed that the Mopa-Mopa resin reached a maximum strength of 20 MPa, which decreased with the incorporation of the additive to 12 MPa, indicating its plasticization effect. Likewise, slight decreases in moisture absorption were also evidenced with the incorporation of stearic acid. With the inclusion of rachis plantain fibers in their native state, a reduction in the tensile mechanical properties was found, proportional to the amount added. On the other hand, with the alkalinization treatment of the fibers, the behavior was the opposite, evidencing increases in tensile strength, indicating that the fiber modification improved the interfacial adhesion with the Mopa-Mopa matrix. On the other hand, the evaluation of the moisture absorption of the biocomposite material evidenced, as expected, that the absorption level was favored by the relative humidity used in the conditioning (47, 77, and 97%), which also had an impact on the decrease of the mechanical tensile properties, being this was slightly counteracted by the inclusion of stearic acid in the formulation of the material.

Conductas sociales y de salud de la adolescencia representadas en TikTok

Objetivo: Comprender las conductas sociales y de salud asociadas en adolescentes entre 13 y 19 años a través de la red social TikTok, en Chile en el año 2021. Metodología: Se ubica en el paradigma positivista y se enfoca mediane teoría fundamentada. Se seleccionaron 50 videos de carácter público en la plataforma social y se realizó análisis documental bajo codificación abierta. Resultados: Los y las adolescentes le dan gran importancia a su imagen corporal, destacándose el uso de filtros en todos ellos, mientras que la vestimenta presentó una tendencia según el género. Por otro lado, las expresiones manifestadas son en su mayoría positivas; los recursos sonoros utilizados para los videos son variados, siendo el más utilizado la música; el principal tipo de contenido visualizado es baile, seguido de humor; las opiniones más frecuentes fueron positivas y las conductas en salud tendieron a ser no promotoras. Conclusión: Las representaciones sociales construidas por adolescentes en TikTok están fuertemente marcadas por los estereotipos de belleza, la necesidad de la aceptación entre pares y la búsqueda de la popularidad en redes sociales. Las conductas promotoras de salud en esta red social son escasas.

Objetivo: Compreender os comportamentos sociais e de saúde associados aos adolescentes entre 13 e 19 anos através da rede social TikTok, no Chile, no ano 2021. Metodologia: Se situa no paradigma positivista e se enfoca mediante a teoria fundamentada. Foram selecionados 50 vídeos de caráter público na plataforma social e foi realizada uma análise documental sob codificação aberta. Resultados: Os e as adolescentes dão grande importância à imagem corporal, destacando-se o uso de filtros em todos eles, enquanto a vestimenta apresentou uma tendência de acordo com o gênero. Por outro lado, as expressões manifestadas são em sua maioria positivas; os recursos sonoros utilizados para os vídeos são variados, sendo a música a mais utilizada; o principal tipo de conteúdo visualizado é a dança, seguida pelo humor; as opiniões mais frequentes foram positivas e os comportamentos de saúde tenderam a ser não promotores. Conclusão: As representações sociais construídas pelos adolescentes no TikTok são fortemente marcadas por estereótipos de beleza, pela necessidade de aceitação dos pares e pela busca de popularidade nas redes sociais. Os comportamentos de promoção da saúde nessa rede social são escassos.

Objective: To understand the social and health behaviors associated with adolescents between 13 and 19 years old through the TikTok social network in Chile in 2021. Methodology: It is located in the positivist paradigm and focuses on grounded theory. 50 public videos were selected from the social platform and documentary analysis was carried out under open coding. Results: Adolescents place great importance on their body image, with the use of filters being highlighted in all of them, while clothing showed a trend according to gender. On the other hand, the expressions manifested are mostly positive; the sound resources used for the videos are varied, with music being the most used; the main type of content viewed is dance, followed by humor; the most frequent opinions were positive and health behaviors tended to be non-promoting. Conclusion: The social representations constructed by adolescents on TikTok are strongly marked by beauty stereotypes, the need for acceptance among peers, and the pursuit of popularity on social networks. Promoting health behaviors on this social network is scarce.

Disgeusia como principal manifestación oral en pacientes con COVID-19 leve en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias / Dysgeusia as the main oral manifestation in patients with mild COVID-19 at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases

Objetivo. Reportar las manifestaciones orales más comunes asociadas a COVID-19 así como si estas persisten en un período de 3 meses. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo, evaluando a 149 individuos positivos por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para SARS-CoV-2 a los cuales se les realizó un estudio inicial y un control 3 meses después. Resultados. El 65% de los participantes reportó alguna manifestación en cavidad bucal y el 24% alguna secuela. Dentro de estos síntomas y secuelas bucales observados, la de mayor frecuencia fue la disgeusia la cual se encontró en 51% de los pacientes seguida por xerostomía 27%, ganglios o glándulas inflamadas (17%). Dichas manifestaciones disminuyeron de forma importante en el seguimiento, sin embargo, prevalecieron en algunos pacientes. Conclusiones. La disgeusia es la manifestación oral de mayor frecuencia en este estudio y se presentó entre las cinco manifestaciones generales más comunes.

Objective. To report the oral manifestations associated with COVID-19 as well as whether these persist over a period of 3 months. Methods. A longitudinal, descriptive study was carried out evaluating 149 individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), who underwent an initial examination and a control 3 months later. Results. A total of 65% of the participants reported some manifestation in the oral cavity and 24% some sequelae. Within these observed symptoms and oral sequelae, the one with the highest incidence was dysgeusia, which was found in 51% of patients followed by xerostomia (27%), lymph nodes or swollen glands (17%). These manifestations decreased significantly during the follow-up, however they prevailed in some patients. Conclusions. Dysgeusia is the oral manifestation with the highest incidence in this study and was among the 5 most common general manifestations.