Corrigendum to "RANTES Gene Polymorphisms Associated with HIV-1 Infections in Kenyan Population".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/4703854.].

RANTES Gene Polymorphisms Associated with HIV-1 Infections in Kenyan Population.

Previous studies have reported that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RANTES gene promoter region, -403G/A and -28C/G, are associated with a slower rate of decline in CD4+ T cell count. In addition, as a ligand of the major HIV coreceptor CCR5, it is known to block HIV-CCR5 interactions in the course of the HIV infection cycle. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -403G > A and -28C > G in the promoter region of RANTES, in a subset of the Kenyan population. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood monocular cells and used to amplify the RANTES gene region. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the genotypes of the RANTES gene. Out of 100 HIV infected individuals, 19% had G1 genotypes (403G/G, 28C/G), 30% (403A/A, 28C/C), and 50% (403G/A, 28C/C), while in healthy blood donors 13% had G4 (403G/A, 28C/C) genotypes, 22% (403A/A, 28C/C), and 54% (403G/A, 28C/C). HIV negative blood donors (54%) had higher risk of alteration to risk of HIV transmission compared to those who were HIV infected (50%). However, the risk to transmission and distribution differences was not significant (P = 0.092). The study showed that RANTES polymorphisms -403 and -28 alleles do exist in the Kenyan population.

Occurrence of etravirine/rilpivirine-specific resistance mutations selected by efavirenz and nevirapine in Kenyan patients with non-B HIV-1 subtypes failing antiretroviral therapy.

Resistance to efavirenz and nevirapine has not been associated with mutations at position 138 of reverse transcriptase. In an evaluation of virologic suppression rates in PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief) clinics in Kenya among patients on first-line therapy (RV288), 63% (617/975) of randomly selected patients on antiretroviral therapy were suppressed (HIV RNA<400 copies/ml). Among those with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance (n = 101), 14 (13.8%) had substitutions at 138 (A, G, K or Q), mutations selected only by etravirine and rilpivirine in subtype B viruses. All 14 patients received efavirenz or nevirapine, not etravirine or rilpivirine, and were predominantly subtype A1. This may be the first report of efavirenz and nevirapine selecting these mutations in these subtypes.