Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Solitary Kidney.

BACKGROUND: Solitary kidney may be congenital or as a result of nephrectomy. There is a lot of literature available on quality of life in these patients, but there is limited data on pregnancy outcome. OBJECTIVES: To study pregnancy outcome in patients with solitary kidney either congenital or due to nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design This is a retrospective observational study conducted at tertiary health center in Ahmedabad, from 2011 to 2014. Sample Size There were 164 patients of solitary kidney, out of which two patients had congenital solitary kidney and the remaining had solitary kidney due to nephrectomy. Among 164 patients, 96 (58.53 %) patients had completed family, 37 (22.56 %) patients did not try for pregnancy, 15 (9.14 %) patients have conceived, 12 (7.3 %) were lost to follow up and 4 (2.43 %) patients were infertile. Method Patients in reproductive age group (20-40 years), with solitary kidney either congenital or due to nephrectomy, were included. Maternal and fetal outcome was studied, and patients were followed up till 2 years postpartum. Exclusion Criteria Patients with solitary kidney due to post-renal transplant were excluded. RESULTS: There were 15 (9.14 %) patients who had conceived, out of which 11 (73.33) patients delivered and 4 (26.67 %) patients had spontaneous abortion. Two patients developed gestational hypertension and one had preeclampsia. On follow-up, all babies were normal and none of them had delayed developmental milestones. CONCLUSION: Preconceptional counseling should be done in these patients regarding risk of developing preeclampsia during pregnancy and preterm delivery. These patients can have good pregnancy outcome with close monitoring during antenatal period.

Successful Pregnancy Outcome in an Operated Case of Lipomeningomyocele: A Rare Case.

Lipomeningomyocele is one of the types of occult spinal dysraphism associated with tethered cord syndrome, which is characterised by neurodeficit symptomatology due to stretch- induced functional disorder of the spinal cord with its caudal part attached by an in elastic tissue. There is stretching of conus medullaris and nerve roots due to disproportionate growth between vertebral column and spinal cord, resulting in various neurological deficits. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 4000 births in the USA, with a slightly higher female preponderance, although its true incidence is not known. There are very few studies on pregnancy outcome in these patients and the management dilemma in this group has prompted us to report this case.

Unusual presentation of twisted ovarian cyst.

Ovarian torsion (also termed as adnexal torsion) refers to partial or complete rotation of the ovary and a portion of fallopian tube along its supplying vascular pedicle. It occurs commonly in reproductive age group; more on the right side (60%) and often presents with acute lower abdominal pain lasting for few hours and up to 24 h, accounting for 2.7% of acute gynecological conditions. It is one of the devastating conditions, hampering blood supply of ovary which may lead to total necrosis of ovarian tissue and complications, if not diagnosed and managed in time. Hence, we present a case on a twisted ovarian cyst in postmenopausal woman with unusual symptomatology leading to delayed diagnosis and loss of an ovary.

Successful Pregnancy Outcome in a Patient with Solitary Kidney Affected by Angiomyolipoma: A Rare Case.

Renal angiomyolipoma is a rare benign tumour and its occurrence during pregnancy is even rare. It is usually diagnosed incidentally. It can increase in size during pregnancy and can present acutely as rupture with retroperitoneal haemorrhage, mechanism of which is still unclear. We present a case of successful pregnancy outcome in a patient with congenital solitary kidney affected by angiomyolipoma, diagnosed incidentally at 19 years of age. The patient had conceived twice. Her antenatal and post partum period was uneventful both the times.

Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among Indian fertile females.

BACKGROUND: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is described as difficulty experienced by a female during any stage of a normal sexual activity including physical pleasure, desire, arousal, or orgasm. There are various factors responsible for FSD including psychological status of a person, gynecological or medical problems, long use of certain drugs, and social beliefs. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and various factors associated with FSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design - This study design was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Tertiary Care Centre, in Ahmedabad from June 2015 to March 2016. Sample Size - One hundred and fifty-three fertile females in reproductive age group (20-47 years) were included in the study. Written and informed consent was obtained from all the females. Methods - FSD was assessed with a detailed 19-item female sexual function index questionnaire. All six domains of sexual dysfunction, i.e., desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were studied. Various associated factors such as gynecological or psychological problems were also studied. Exclusion - Infertile patients were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The prevalence of FSD was 55.55% among 153 fertile females. FSD was more prevalent in the age group of 26-30 years and with duration of marriage >16 years. FSD was also more common in females with middle education and those belonging to upper middle socioeconomic status. Psychological stress was significantly associated with FSD. CONCLUSION: It is right of every female to lead healthy sexual life as it is key to happiness in marriage. Females with FSD can be managed with proper counseling and treating the underlying etiology.

Female sexual dysfunction in patients with endometriosis: Indian scenario.

BACKGROUND: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in Indian women is often overlooked due to cultural beliefs and considered as social taboos. Sexuality is an important and integral part of life. There are many causes of sexual dysfunction, but the prevalence of FSD in endometriotic patients is still underdiagnosed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study design - Cross-sectional observational study conducted at tertiary care center, from June 2015 to March 2016. Sample size - Fifty-one patients in reproductive age group (18-47 years) who were diagnosed with endometriosis on diagnostic laparoscopy were included. Methods - FSD was assessed with a detailed 19-item female sexual function index questionnaire. All six domains of sexual dysfunction, i.e., desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were studied. Exclusion - Patients with other gynecological, medical or surgical history were excluded. RESULTS: Out of 51 patients with endometriosis, 47.06% of patients had sexual dysfunction. With the increase in staging of endometriosis, sexual dysfunction prevalence is also rising. FSD was 100% in patients with severe endometriosis as compared to 33.33% in minimal endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Every individual deserves good sexual life. The sexual dysfunction associated with endometriosis should also be taken into consideration while managing these patients.

Uterine conserving surgery in a case of cervicovaginal agenesis with unicornuate uterus.

The presence of cervicovaginal agenesis with unicornuate uterus is a very rare mullerian anomaly. Its true incidence is still unknown. The presence of functioning unicornuate uterus poses a great challenge for a gynecologist because a successful repair could restore normal menses and may preserve a patient's fertility. Hence, we report a case of 16-year-old unmarried female who presented with chief complaints of primary amenorrhea with cyclical lower abdominal pain. On clinical and radiological evaluation, she was diagnosed with complete cervicovaginal agenesis with right unicornuate uterus (hematometra and hematosalpinx). She underwent vaginoplasty (McIndoes method) along with uterovaginal anastomosis by neocervix formation, in order to preserve her uterus. On follow-up, her vagina was completely healed, and she was menstruating normally.

An Overview on Fertility Outcome in Renal Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients undergoing renal transplant are increasing with time. Most of these patients fall in the reproductive age group, who are going to conceive sooner or later. But there are few recipients who either are infertile before transplant or became infertile due to underlying renal pathology responsible for transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study fertility outcome in female renal transplant recipients. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study conducted at tertiary health center in Ahmedabad, from 2004 to 2014. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Renal transplant recipients in the reproductive age group (20-40 years of age) were followed up in gynecology outdoor patient department. SAMPLE SIZE: There were 211 female renal transplant recipients, out of which 113 (53.5 %) patients had complete family, 3 (1.41 %) patients were infertile, 16 (7.58 %) patients have conceived, 33 (15.63 %) patients were lost to follow-up and remaining 46 (21.8 %) did not try for pregnancy. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Unmarried patients, divorced and widow patients were excluded. RESULTS: Out of 19 patients, 16 patients conceived and 3 were infertile. The main cause of infertility in these patients was ovarian factor in 2 patients and tubal factor in 1 patient. Among 16 patients, 8 patients had missed abortion, 2 patients had preterm deliveries and 6 patients had term deliveries. CONCLUSION: Peritransplant and preconceptional counseling plays an important role for renal transplant recipients to help them understand the effect of renal pathology and transplantation on their fertility. They can have good fertility and pregnancy outcome with optimum functioning graft.