RESUMO
Background: Pediatric odontogenic sinusitis (PODS) is a rare condition with limited research on its clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options. The current guidelines on pediatric rhinosinusitis do not mention a possible dental origin of the disease. This systematic review aims to summarize and analyze the existing literature on PODS, focusing on epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic tools, complications, treatment options, and outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA reporting guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in multiple databases using keywords related to PODS and therapeutic strategies. Original articles reporting data on treatment outcomes for PODS were included. Results: The review highlighted the scarcity of high-quality evidence on PODS. The literature mainly consists of case reports and low-grade evidence studies. Limited data on the epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic tools, complications, and treatment outcomes of PODS in children are available. Conclusions: Further research is needed to better understand the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of PODS in pediatric patients. High-quality studies are required to establish evidence-based guidelines for the management of this condition, especially given the apparently high rate of complications when compared to adult ODS.
RESUMO
Background: The diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is based on detecting viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the nasal cavities and the nasopharynx. Millions of nasopharyngeal swab tests are currently performed daily worldwide; complications of the procedure are uncommon, but occasionally they occur. Case report: We describe the case of a 79-year-old man who developed right orbital cellulitis after a nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2. He underwent two surgeries for nasal polyposis 20 and 15 years prior, that probably caused an easy pathway to the medial wall of the orbit. At hospital admission he presented right visual loss, proptosis, palpebral edema, conjunctival chemosis, and limitations in eye movements. Computed tomography showed violation of the lamina papyracea, which appeared related to misdirection of the nasopharyngeal swab. He received intensive antibiotic treatment and achieved complete resolution of the orbital infection. To our knowledge this is the first case report concerning this dangerous complication. Conclusion: Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, as it may result in permanent visual loss or life-threatening complications, such as intracranial abscess and cavernous sinus thrombosis, if inadequately treated. This case highlights the importance of providing adequate instruction about nasal anatomy to health care professionals performing nasopharyngeal swab tests to avoid misdirections leading to potentially dangerous complications.
RESUMO
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses with important economic and sanitary burdens, as well as having a great impact on patients' quality of life. In this field, a new therapeutic approach for those patients who have been described as affected by severe uncontrolled CRSwNP, resistant to medical and best surgical treatment, is represented by subcutaneous human monoclonal antibodies (including dupilumab) that block specific targets involved in the type 2 inflammatory pathway which most commonly drives CRSwNP pathophysiology. This paper aims to report our experience in the management of severe uncontrolled CRSwNP and, in particular, describe our diagnostic workup including baseline evaluation and follow-up visits in the first year of treatment. We also describe into detail our multidisciplinary approach to the disease. We finally report the outcomes of treatment in a real-life setting. In this outpatient real-life setting, our results confirmed the effectiveness of dupilumab in reducing the volume of nasal polyps and restoring nasal obstruction and sense of smell, as well as improving patients' quality of life. The adherence to the dupilumab treatment was very high. The dose of administration was never modified in patients in the first year of treatment. All the patients respected the plan of the visits at proposed time points. We believe that the structural organization of our outpatient clinic appears to be functional: it allows us to study patients thoroughly before starting treatment and to make a proper follow-up after it starts. We believe that sharing both our strict clinical flowchart and growing experience with dupilumab with the medical community can lead to more standardized and effective pathways of care for CRSwNP patients.