RESUMO
The kinetics of the disposition of intravenous and oral clonidine in five normotensive subjects have been determined. It is proposed that a two-compartment model adequately describes the disposition of the drug. The drug is rapidly distributed (t1/2alpha = 10.8 +/- 4.7 min) but slowly elimainated (t1/2beta = 8.5 +/- 0.9 hr). The bioavailability of oral clonidine in the tablets tested averaged 75.2% and 40 to 50% of the bioavailable dose is excreted unchanged in urine. Renal clearance of the drug showed considerable intersubject variation (1.82 +/- 0.34 ml/min/kg) and exceed the calculated glomerular filtration rate in some subjects. Oral and intravenous clonidine induced significant falls in blood pressure (greater than 20/15 mm Hg) in our normotensive subjects and consistently caused marked sedation and dryness of the mouth. Sedation and salivary flow correlated with plasma clonidine concentration over the range 0 to 4 ng/ml. Falls in blood pressure were related to plasma concentration to 1.5 to 2 ng/ml but at higher concentrations the hypotensive effect was attenuated.
Assuntos
Clonidina/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Adulto , Disponibilidade Biológica , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Clonidina/administração & dosagem , Clonidina/farmacologia , Computadores , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Infusões Parenterais , Cinética , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Salivação/efeitos dos fármacos , Xerostomia/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
The biocompatibility of two implant materials, vitallium and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), was evaluated in an animal model in which bone formation and resorption are independent of each other. Neither material accelerated resorption, but formation was inhibited 12% by vitallium and 38% by PMMA. When three PMMA preparations varying in monomer content were tested, the data exhibited a dose-response relation, suggesting that inhibition of bone formation was due to the presence of residual monomer.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Ligas de Cromo/farmacologia , Implantação Dentária , Metilmetacrilatos/farmacologia , Vitálio/farmacologia , Animais , Reabsorção Óssea/fisiopatologia , Transplante Ósseo , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Músculos/cirurgia , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is one of the most exciting developments in the field of interventional radiology. In this procedure an angiographic catheter with an inflatable balloon is used to reopen the lumen of an artery that was previously obstructed due to plaque formation. This article describes the historical development of PTA, the technique involved in catheter angioplasty, and its application in certain disease states.
Assuntos
Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Renovascular/terapia , Artéria Ilíaca , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obstrução da Artéria Renal/terapiaRESUMO
We describe a diagnostically challenging case of infection due to a species of Salmonella in a ventricular aneurysm. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, gallium 67 scanning, and cardiac gated magnetic resonance imaging were required to make the diagnosis. Antimicrobial therapy alone was insufficient and included intravenously administered ciprofloxacin, which has been reported to be effective in refractory cases of salmonella bacteremia. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery, which was required to achieve clinical cure. Among six previously reported cases, only one individual survived.