Speciation analysis of manganese against the background of its different content in the blood serum of dairy cows.

Studies in the field of microelement speciation in the body of farm animals, in particular dairy cattle, are almost completely absent. The average concentration of Mn in the blood serum of all the studied animals (n = 80) was 2.5 µg/L, which corresponds to normal values. Of the total number of animals, 21% were the cows with the low normal values (serum Mn concentration ≤ 2 µg/L, i.e. less than Q25 of the total sample) and 25% were the animals with the high normal values (serum Mn concentration ≥ 2.72 µg/L, i.e. more than Q75 of the total sample). The data obtained in the course of the study indicate that the change in the Mn level, even in the range of normal values, is accompanied by the redistribution of this element over various protein fractions. The six found Mn blood serum forms are presumably represented by α2-macroglobulin (tetramer, dimer, and monomer), transferrin/albumine, manganese citrates, and "free" metal ions. The analyzed fractions of Mn found in the blood serum of cows had the following hierarchy of concentrations: in the group with low-normal values of Mn ("free" Mn >> tetrameric form of α2-macroglobulin >> transferrin/albumine >> dimeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> monomeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> citrate), in the group with high normal manganese values ("free" Mn >> monomeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> transferring/albumine >> citrate >> tetrameric form of α2-macroglobulin >> dimeric form of α2-macroglobulin). In the group with high normal Mn values relative to the group with low normal values, there was a percentage decrease in the tetrameric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 17.2 to 4.4%, dimeric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 6.9 to 2.2%, "free" Mn from 54.3 to 44.4% and an increase in monomeric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 6.7 to 23.1%, transferrin/albumine from 10.1 to 17.7%, citrate from 4.8 to 8.2%. Our data demonstrate the features of Mn redistribution of dairy cows, which can be used for an extended assessment of the microelement status of animals.

Element Status of Students with Different Levels of Adaptation.

The element status was studied in students with different levels of adaptation determined by the parameters of cardiointervalography. The content of chemical elements in the hair was measured by atomic emission and mass spectrometry. In students whose autonomic status was characterized by sympathicotonia, the level of cobalt in the hair was significantly higher, while the levels of manganese and magnesium were lower than normal. The content of selenium in the hair was 2.3 times lower in the study group in comparison with the median level in Russia. The content of toxic elements did not exceed the normal. Significant positive correlations between hair content of magnesium and calcium and between potassium and sodium were revealed.

[MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE THYROID GLAND AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES].

The study was conducted on 15 male Wistar rats, which were injected intramuscularly with copper nanoparticle lyosols at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight once a week for 3 months. Thyroid gland was removed 7 days after the last injection and was studied using histological, morphometric and immunohistochemical methods (demonstration of Ki-67 and caspase-3). Animals of the control group (n = 15) were administered distilled water at the same time intervals. It was found that after 1, 2, 3 and 4 injections of copper nanoparticles, the thyroid gland contained an increased number of large cyst-like follicles, while the average thyrocyte height of and the volume of their nuclei were reduced, which indicate a decline in hormone production. After 12 injections of copper nanoparticles, the hyperplastic thyroid gland demonstrated small follicles lined with columnar epithelium, which contained no or small amount of the colloid. The number of mitotically dividing thyrocytes was increased. Parafollicular cells demonstrated an apoptotic dominant. Morphological data suggest goitrogenic effect of multiple doses of copper nanopartides. The data received indicating the readiness of the thyroid cells to the programmed death and its possible depression (absence of signs of thyrocyte apoptosis) at different stages of the experiment confirm the modulating effect of copper on apoptosis.

[Influence of industrial factors on the health status of heat and power plant workers].

The hair levels of chemical elements (Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, V, and Zn) were studied in Orenburg heat and power plant workers. The specific features of the elemental composition of biosubstrates were revealed in relation to the physical and chemical exposures of the workers to industrial factors. The peculiarities of element-to-element relations were established in man under different working conditions.

[Assessment of diet of students from Orenburg region].

The article this research is devoted to the Orenburg student youth diet. The revealed deficiency of major nutrients (protein, fats and especially carbohydrates), as vitamins (C, PP, E, D, B groups) and analysis of diet ration concerning basis nourishing components, vitamins, macro- micro elements (Zn, Cu, I, Cr, Se).