RESUMO
Adult ADHD and borderline personality disorder: A pilot study on differences in attachment and early traumatization Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood and borderline personality disorder (BPD) share commondiagnostic criteria.The present study examined how ADHD in adulthood can be distinguished from BPDregarding attachment style and traumatic experiences. METHOD: The sample consists of N = 30 persons with 50% (n = 15) ADHD patients and 50% (n = 15) BPD patients. The patients were asked to fill out different questionnaires to investigate the criteria for specific symptoms. RESULTS: The results show that most of the patients are insecurely attached. In addition, 80% of both the ADHD and BPD sample claimed traumatic experiences in their childhood or adolescence. Most frequently, patients reported traumatisation following emotional neglect and emotional abuse. No group-specific differences concerning traumatic experiences and the individual attachment style were determined. CONCLUSION: The etiological factors attachment style and traumatic experiences are not suitable for differentiating ADHD in adulthood and BPD.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This paper sheds some new light on four visits of Freud to Carinthia between 1898 and 1923. New information from contemporary sources is added to already known facts (patient visit in 1898; encounters with Alban Berg in 1900 and 1907).
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Correspondência como Assunto/história , Pessoas Famosas , Neoplasias Bucais/história , Música/história , Psicanálise/história , Viagem/história , Áustria , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Crimes against humanity took place in many institutions as well as psychiatric departments during the Nazi dictatorship. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review paper is to present a special kind of dealing with crimes in psychiatric institutions on a local and regional level. METHODS: Analogous to the psychiatric-psychotherapeutic approach with traumatized individuals, the procedure "secure-describe and work through-reconnect" is suggested for the collective within the frame of remembrance work and commemorative culture. RESULTS: As an example of a collective memorial process, the handling of the topic of the crime of Nazi euthanasia in Carinthia/Austria is presented.
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Eutanásia , Áustria , Alemanha , História do Século XX , Humanos , Socialismo NacionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound mental health consequences for many people. Concerns have been expressed that, at their most extreme, these consequences could manifest as increased suicide rates. We aimed to assess the early effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates around the world. METHODS: We sourced real-time suicide data from countries or areas within countries through a systematic internet search and recourse to our networks and the published literature. Between Sept 1 and Nov 1, 2020, we searched the official websites of these countries' ministries of health, police agencies, and government-run statistics agencies or equivalents, using the translated search terms "suicide" and "cause of death", before broadening the search in an attempt to identify data through other public sources. Data were included from a given country or area if they came from an official government source and were available at a monthly level from at least Jan 1, 2019, to July 31, 2020. Our internet searches were restricted to countries with more than 3 million residents for pragmatic reasons, but we relaxed this rule for countries identified through the literature and our networks. Areas within countries could also be included with populations of less than 3 million. We used an interrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from at least Jan 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020) in each country or area within a country, comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number of suicides in the early months of the pandemic (from April 1 to July 31, 2020, in the primary analysis). FINDINGS: We sourced data from 21 countries (16 high-income and five upper-middle-income countries), including whole-country data in ten countries and data for various areas in 11 countries). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs based on the observed versus expected numbers of suicides showed no evidence of a significant increase in risk of suicide since the pandemic began in any country or area. There was statistical evidence of a decrease in suicide compared with the expected number in 12 countries or areas: New South Wales, Australia (RR 0·81 [95% CI 0·72-0·91]); Alberta, Canada (0·80 [0·68-0·93]); British Columbia, Canada (0·76 [0·66-0·87]); Chile (0·85 [0·78-0·94]); Leipzig, Germany (0·49 [0·32-0·74]); Japan (0·94 [0·91-0·96]); New Zealand (0·79 [0·68-0·91]); South Korea (0·94 [0·92-0·97]); California, USA (0·90 [0·85-0·95]); Illinois (Cook County), USA (0·79 [0·67-0·93]); Texas (four counties), USA (0·82 [0·68-0·98]); and Ecuador (0·74 [0·67-0·82]). INTERPRETATION: This is the first study to examine suicides occurring in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple countries. In high-income and upper-middle-income countries, suicide numbers have remained largely unchanged or declined in the early months of the pandemic compared with the expected levels based on the pre-pandemic period. We need to remain vigilant and be poised to respond if the situation changes as the longer-term mental health and economic effects of the pandemic unfold. FUNDING: None.
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COVID-19/complicações , Saúde Global , Modelos Estatísticos , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Países Desenvolvidos/estatística & dados numéricos , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Based on the data of an analysis of costs of psychopharmacological treatment by the Austrian Rechnungshof in 2011, which also revealed remarkable differences between Salzburg and Carinthia (federal states of Austria), a panel of experts discussed the potential causes. A consequence was the following prospective study, which took place at the department of psychiatry and psychotherapy in Klagenfurt/Carinthia. METHODS: The aim in this mirror design study was to analize the data of psychopharmacologic treatment, epidemiological data of the treated patients (N = 230) and utilization of healthcare ressources such as contacts to psychiatrists or practicioners after discharge. RESULTS: We could show a high adherence concerning the redeem of the prescriptions, a low proportion of generics, and a very low rate of contacts to psychiatrists contrasting contacts to practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: Beneath that in the sense of descriptive epidemiology the data help to characterize adherence behavior after discharge and details of in- and outdoor treatment.
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Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Cooperação do Paciente/psicologia , Alta do Paciente , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria , Psicoterapia , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Áustria , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Humanos , Assistência de Longa Duração/economia , Assistência de Longa Duração/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/economia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/economia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Alta do Paciente/economia , Estudos Prospectivos , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria/economia , Psicoterapia/economia , Psicotrópicos/economia , Encaminhamento e Consulta/economia , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Revisão da Utilização de Recursos de Saúde/economiaRESUMO
In this article the fate of Mr. B. is described as an example for the fate of hundreds of mentally ill patients of the "Landes-Irrenanstalt of Klagenfurt", murdered during the era of National Socialism. This extraordinary fate marks two outstanding aspects of history of medicine, the treatment of syphilis with malaria and the organised mass murder of mentally ill people during the cynic era of National Socialism. Beyond this historical perspective reconstructive biographical work together with relatives is presented as a proactive duty of psychiatric institutions.