RESUMO
This paper presents an enhanced model that considers the specifications of personal space to describe uni- and bi-directional pedestrian movement on stairs. The shape of the personal space of each pedestrian is regarded as an oval shape, which is composed of four arcs, to precisely quantify movements. Specific models that facilitate the simulation of movement include adjustments to individual speeds based on the proximity of other members, conflict avoidance, overtaking, and direction finding. By implementing these parameters in the simulation, basic data concerning these movement behaviours were collected from the experiment, which was carried out at one a Shanghai subway station. Twenty-four young college students participated in this experiment. Numerical simulation results for a stochastic case under those parameters were obtained. The fundamental diagrams and moving behaviours according to different proportions of ascending and descending pedestrians are analysed and discussed. The results indicate that the simulation platform for personal space can serve as a useful tool to evaluate pedestrian movement on stairs.
Assuntos
Pedestres/psicologia , Espaço Pessoal , Subida de Escada , China , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Movimento/fisiologiaRESUMO
The application of computed tomography to cardiovascular diagnosis was attempted. One hundred and four consecutive patients with various cardiovascular diseases were studied with a third-generation computed tomographic three-second whole body scanner. Identification and evaluation of abnormalities of the great vessels, atria, ventricles and interventricular septum were possible by cardiac computed tomography. Sizes and locations of intracardiac thrombi were accurately assessed by computed tomography. Computed tomography was valuable for the evaluation of pericardial effusion because distribution of the effusion as well as the gross nature of the fluid could be estimated by the CT number.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , HumanosAssuntos
Colesterol/farmacologia , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Evaluation of pericardial effusion was attempted with computed tomography in 11 patients. The volume and distribution of pericardial fluid were assessed with satisfactory resolution and the nature of the fluid was estimated by the difference in x-ray transparency (CT numbers). The volume of pericardial fluid calculated by tomographic methods ranged from 25 ml. to 585 ml. and agreed well with the surgically drained fluid volume. The CT numbers of the pericardial effusion due to renal or heart failure, acute viral pericarditis, hypothyroidism, and hemopericardium were +12 to +13, +20, +28 to +30, and +26 to +40, respectively. Therefore the volume and gross nature of the pericardial fluid could be estimated noninvasively with computed tomography.