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1.
PLoS Pathog ; 18(10): e1010887, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36223427

RESUMO

Plasmodium parasites are reliant on the Apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) transcription factor family to regulate gene expression programs. AP2 DNA binding domains have no homologs in the human or mosquito host genomes, making them potential antimalarial drug targets. Using an in-silico screen to dock thousands of small molecules into the crystal structure of the AP2-EXP (Pf3D7_1466400) AP2 domain (PDB:3IGM), we identified putative AP2-EXP interacting compounds. Four compounds were found to block DNA binding by AP2-EXP and at least one additional ApiAP2 protein. Our top ApiAP2 competitor compound perturbs the transcriptome of P. falciparum trophozoites and results in a decrease in abundance of log2 fold change > 2 for 50% (46/93) of AP2-EXP target genes. Additionally, two ApiAP2 competitor compounds have multi-stage anti-Plasmodium activity against blood and mosquito stage parasites. In summary, we describe a novel set of antimalarial compounds that interact with AP2 DNA binding domains. These compounds may be used for future chemical genetic interrogation of ApiAP2 proteins or serve as starting points for a new class of antimalarial therapeutics.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Plasmodium , Humanos , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Antimaláricos/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Plasmodium/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmodium/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo
2.
J Chem Phys ; 160(11)2024 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38501469

RESUMO

Nuclear receptors regulate transcriptional programs in response to the binding of natural and synthetic ligands. These ligands modulate the receptor by inducing dynamic changes in the ligand binding domain that shift the C-terminal helix (H12) between active and inactive conformations. Despite decades of study, many questions persist regarding the nature of the inactive state and how ligands shift receptors between different states. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the timescale and energetic landscape of the conformational transition between inactive and active forms of progesterone receptor (PR) bound to a partial agonist. We observe that the microsecond timescale is insufficient to observe any transitions; only at millisecond timescales achieved via accelerated MD simulations do we find the inactive PR switches to the active state. Energetic analysis reveals that both active and inactive PR states represent energy minima separated by a barrier that can be traversed. In contrast, little or no transition is observed between active and inactive states when an agonist or antagonist is bound, confirming that ligand identity plays a key role in defining the energy landscape of nuclear receptor conformations.


Assuntos
Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Ligantes , Conformação Proteica
3.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(4)2021 01 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33468680

RESUMO

In biosynthesis of the pancreatic cancer drug streptozotocin, the tridomain nonheme-iron oxygenase SznF hydroxylates Nδ and Nω' of Nω-methyl-l-arginine before oxidatively rearranging the triply modified guanidine to the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea pharmacophore. A previously published structure visualized the monoiron cofactor in the enzyme's C-terminal cupin domain, which promotes the final rearrangement, but exhibited disorder and minimal metal occupancy in the site of the proposed diiron cofactor in the N-hydroxylating heme-oxygenase-like (HO-like) central domain. We leveraged our recent observation that the N-oxygenating µ-peroxodiiron(III/III) intermediate can form in the HO-like domain after the apo protein self-assembles its diiron(II/II) cofactor to solve structures of SznF with both of its iron cofactors bound. These structures of a biochemically validated member of the emerging heme-oxygenase-like diiron oxidase and oxygenase (HDO) superfamily with intact diiron cofactor reveal both the large-scale conformational change required to assemble the O2-reactive Fe2(II/II) complex and the structural basis for cofactor instability-a trait shared by the other validated HDOs. During cofactor (dis)assembly, a ligand-harboring core helix dynamically (un)folds. The diiron cofactor also coordinates an unanticipated Glu ligand contributed by an auxiliary helix implicated in substrate binding by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The additional carboxylate ligand is conserved in another N-oxygenating HDO but not in two HDOs that cleave carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds to install olefins. Among ∼9,600 sequences identified bioinformatically as members of the emerging HDO superfamily, ∼25% conserve this additional carboxylate residue and are thus tentatively assigned as N-oxygenases.


Assuntos
Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/ultraestrutura , Ferroproteínas não Heme/ultraestrutura , Oxigenases/ultraestrutura , Estreptozocina/química , Catálise/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/química , Humanos , Ligantes , Compostos de Nitrosoureia/toxicidade , Ferroproteínas não Heme/química , Oxirredução , Oxigênio/química , Oxigenases/química , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Conformação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Domínios Proteicos/genética , Estreptozocina/toxicidade
4.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 27(2): 252-259, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409155

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vaginal bleeding is the most common cause of presentation at the emergency department in the first trimester. Clinical presentation helps determine the likely cause of first-trimester vaginal bleeding. However, ultrasound imaging is required to reach a definitive diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between clinical diagnosis and ultrasonographic findings in women with first-trimester vaginal bleeding. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 94 pregnant patients with a history of bleeding per vagina (PV) in the first trimester by using transvaginal ultrasound. RESULTS: PV spotting was noted in 64.9% and heavy bleeding in 35.1%. The most common clinically associated symptom was abdominal pain (68, 72.3%), and the least common clinically associated symptom was vesicle expulsion (2.1%). The most common predisposing factor was fever (31, 33.0%). The most frequent clinical diagnosis was threatened abortion (48, 51.1%), and the least common clinical diagnosis was gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and inevitable abortion (1, 1.1%). The most common ultrasound diagnosis at the initial scan was incomplete abortion (19.2%), while at follow-up scans, it was threatened abortion (48, 51.1%). The overall concordance between clinical diagnosis and ultrasound was 38.8%, with both complete abortion and GTD showing a concordance of 100%. The least concordance was seen in missed abortions (25%). CONCLUSION: Clinical assessment is insufficient in the identification of the cause of vaginal bleeding due to the overall low concordance rate. A combination of clinical assessment and ultrasonography is required for decision-making in every case.


Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo , Ameaça de Aborto , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Hemorragia Uterina/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Uterina/etiologia , Ultrassonografia/efeitos adversos , Vagina
5.
J Chem Inf Model ; 63(2): 571-582, 2023 01 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36594606

RESUMO

Allosteric pathways in proteins describe networks comprising amino acid residues which may facilitate the propagation of signals between distant sites. Through inter-residue interactions, dynamic and conformational changes can be transmitted from the site of perturbation to an allosteric site. While sophisticated computational methods have been developed to characterize such allosteric pathways linking specific sites on proteins, few attempts have been made to apply these approaches toward identifying new allosteric sites. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations and suboptimal path analysis to discover new allosteric networks in steroid receptors with a focus on evolutionarily conserved pathways. Using modern receptors and a reconstructed ancestral receptor, we identify networks connecting several sites to the activation function surface 2 (AF-2), the site of coregulator recruitment. One of these networks is conserved across the entire family, connecting a predicted allosteric site located between helices 9 and 10 of the ligand-binding domain. We investigate the basis of this conserved network as well as the importance of this site, discovering that the site lies in a region of the ligand-binding domain characterized by conserved inter-residue contacts. This study suggests an evolutionarily importance of the helix 9-helix 10 site in steroid receptors and identifies an approach that may be applied to discover previously unknown allosteric sites in proteins.


Assuntos
Proteínas , Receptores de Esteroides , Regulação Alostérica , Ligantes , Proteínas/química , Sítio Alostérico , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular
6.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 117(36): 22080-22089, 2020 09 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32820071

RESUMO

Nonshivering thermogenesis occurs in brown adipose tissue to generate heat in response to cold ambient temperatures. Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1) is transcriptionally up-regulated in brown adipose tissue upon exposure to the cold and suppresses thermogenesis in order to conserve energy reserves. It hydrolyzes long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs that are derived from lipid droplets, preventing their use as fuel for thermogenesis. In addition to its enzymatic domains, Them1 contains a C-terminal StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain with unknown ligand or function. By complementary biophysical approaches, we show that the START domain binds to long-chain fatty acids, products of Them1's enzymatic reaction, as well as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lipids shown to activate thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. Certain fatty acids stabilize the START domain and allosterically enhance Them1 catalysis of acyl-CoA, whereas 18:1 LPC destabilizes and inhibits activity, which we verify in cell culture. Additionally, we demonstrate that the START domain functions to localize Them1 near lipid droplets. These findings define the role of the START domain as a lipid sensor that allosterically regulates Them1 activity and spatially localizes it in proximity to the lipid droplet.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/metabolismo , Palmitoil-CoA Hidrolase/química , Palmitoil-CoA Hidrolase/metabolismo , Acil Coenzima A/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/enzimologia , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Regulação Alostérica , Ácidos Graxos/química , Humanos , Cinética , Gotículas Lipídicas/enzimologia , Gotículas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/química , Palmitoil-CoA Hidrolase/genética , Domínios Proteicos
7.
West Afr J Med ; 40(4): 397-403, 2023 Apr 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37119133

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Social inequalities have serious health consequences for the developing child. Measuring these disparities is challenging, and the Family Affluence Scale (version II), a proxy indicator based on material wealth, was developed as a solution. However, it has not been validated for use in Sub-Saharan Africa and may not be applicable in developing countries. This preliminary study aimed to determine the convergent validity and reliability of a culturally adapted version of the FAS II. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 422 senior secondary school students in Calabar, Nigeria. Modified versions of the Family Affluence Scale Version II (FAS II) were tested for their psychometric properties as proxy measures of socioeconomic status among Nigerian adolescents. Cronbach's alpha was computed as a measure of internal consistency, while Spearman's rank correlation and regression analysis were done to assess convergent validity. RESULTS: The mean sample age was 14.95 (±1.53) years, with an approximately equal gender distribution. Internal consistency was 0.68 for the 4-item version of the modified scale and increased to 0.75 when the item about travelling abroad was deleted. The modified FAS II scores (4 items) had a significant positive correlation with tuition cost (r=0.48, p<0.001), paternal educational attainment (r=0.27, p<0.001), and maternal educational attainment (r=0.30, p<0.001). Similarly, the 3-item version had a significant positive correlation with tuition cost (r=0.52, p<0.001), paternal educational attainment (r=0.24, p<0.001), and maternal educational attainment (r=0.30, p<0.001). Moderate (aOR: 4.25; 95%CI 2.45-7.39) and high affluence (aOR: 11.43; 95%CI 6.36-20.55) predicted attending more expensive schools. Moderate affluence (aOR: 2.15; 95%CI 1.28-3.62) and high affluence (aOR: 5.21; 95%CI 2.76-9.84) predicted a higher paternal education. Also, moderate affluence (aOR: 2.18; 95%CI 1.31-3.63) and high affluence (aOR: 7.42; 95%CI 3.76-14.66) predicted higher maternal education. The 3-item version performed similarly in terms of its predictive ability. CONCLUSION: The modified version of the FAS II appears to have sufficient validity and reliability for measuring the socio-economic status of adolescents in Nigeria.


OBJECTIF: Les inégalités sociales ont de graves conséquences sur lasanté de l'enfant en développement. Il est difficile de mesurer ces disparités, et l'échelle d'aisance familiale (version II), un indicateur indirect basé sur la richesse matérielle, a été mise au point pour y remédier. Cependant, elle n'a pas été validée pour une utilisation en Afrique subsaharienne et pourrait ne pas être applicable dans les pays en développement. L'objectif de cette étude préliminaire était de déterminer la validité convergente et la fiabilité d'une version culturellement adaptée du FAS II. MÉTHODES: Une étude transversale a été menée auprès de 422 élèves du deuxième cycle de l'enseignement secondaire à Calabar, au Nigeria. Des versions modifiées de la Family Affluence Scale Version II (FAS II) ont été testées pour leurs propriétés psychométriques en tant que mesures indirectes du statut socio-économique chez les adolescents nigérians. L'alpha de Cronbach a été calculé pour mesurer la cohérence interne, tandis que la corrélation de rang de Spearman et l'analyse de régression ont été effectuées pour évaluer la validité convergente. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen de l'échantillon était de 14,95 ans (±1,53), avec une répartition à peu près égale entre les sexes. La cohérence interne était de 0,68 pour la version à 4 items de l'échelle modifiée et a augmenté à 0,75 lorsque l'item sur les voyages à l'étranger a été supprimé. Les scores FAS II modifiés (4 items) présentaient une corrélation positive significative avec les frais de scolarité (r=0,48, p<0,001), le niveau d'études du père (r=0,27, p<0,001) et le niveau d'études de la mère (r=0,30, p<0,001). De même, la version à 3 questions présentait une corrélation positive significative avec les frais de scolarité (r=0,52, p<0,001), le niveau d'études du père (r=0,24, p<0,001) et le niveau d'études de la mère (r=0,30, p<0,001). Une aisance modérée (aOR : 4,25; 95%CI 2,45-7,39) et élevée (aOR : 11,43 ; 95%CI 6,36-20,55) prédit la fréquentation d'écoles plus chères. Une aisance modérée (aOR : 2,15; 95%CI 1,28-3,62) et une aisance élevée (aOR : 5,21 ; 95%CI 2,76-9,84) prédisaient un niveau d'éducation paternel plus élevé. De même, une aisance modérée (aOR : 2,18 ; 95%CI 1,31-3,63) et une aisance élevée (aOR : 7,42 ; 95%CI 3,76-14,66) permettaient de prédire un niveau d'éducation maternel plus élevé. La version à 3 items a donné des résultats similaires en termes de capacité prédictive. CONCLUSION: La version modifiée du FAS II semble avoir une validité et une fiabilité suffisantes pour mesurer le statut socio-économique des adolescents au Nigeria. Mots-clés: Adolescent, Famille, Déterminants sociaux de la santé, Nigeria, Pays en développement, Reproductibilité des résultats.


Assuntos
Psicometria , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Nigéria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
West Afr J Med ; 40(9): 902-908, 2023 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37761388

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Available evidence suggests that the indices of obesity may serve as good predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study compared the ability of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and anthropometric indices to discriminate CVD risk among the apparently healthy staff of Babcock University in Southwest Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among apparently healthy staff. Participants' weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), wrist circumference (WrC), and blood pressure were measured. Venous blood was collected for Lp-PLA2, lipid profile, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) estimation. CVD risk was defined as the presence of either general obesity or abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, hypertension or smoking. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the ability of LpPLA2 and the anthropometric indices to discriminate CVD risk in male and female participants. RESULTS: Results showed that 75.7% (106) of the participants had CVD risk. Anthropometric indices (weight, BMI, WC, HC, NC, WrC, WHR, and WHtR), FPG, lipid profile and Lp-LPA2 were higher among participants with CVD risk (p<0.05). Among the men, LpPLA2 had the largest area under the curve (AUC) (AUC= 0.886, p<0.001), closely followed by BMI (AUC = 0.879, p<0.001), WC (AUC = 0.864, p<0.001), and WHtR (AUC= 0.866, p<0.001). Among the women, WHtR had the largest AUC of 0.995 (p<0.001), followed by WC (AUC = 0.990, p<0.001), BMI (AUC = 0.970, p<0.001), and Lp-PLA2 (AUC= 0.938, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The abilities of Lp-PLA2 and anthropometric indices to predict CVD risk are comparable among the male and female apparently healthy staff of a private tertiary university in Southwest Nigeria. CONTEXTE ET OBJECTIF: Les données disponibles suggèrent que les indices d'obésité peuvent servir de bons prédicteurs des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV). Cette étude a comparé la capacité de la phospholipase A2 associée aux lipoprotéines (Lp-PLA2) et des indices anthropométriques à discriminer le risque de MCV parmi le personnel apparemment en bonne santé de l'Université Babcock, dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Une étude descriptive transversale a été menée auprès de membres du personnel apparemment en bonne santé. Le poids, la taille, l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC), le tour de taille (WC), le tour de hanches (HC), le tour de cou (NC), le rapport taille-hanche (WHR), le rapport taille-hauteur (WHtR), le tour de poignet (WrC) et la pression artérielle des participants ont été mesurés. Du sang veineux a été prélevé pour mesurer la Lp-PLA2, le profil lipidique et la glycémie à jeun. Le risque de MCV a été défini comme la présence d'une obésité générale ou d'une obésité abdominale, d'un diabète sucré, d'une dyslipidémie, d'une hypertension ou d'un tabagisme. La courbe caractéristique du récepteur a été utilisée pour comparer la capacité de la Lp-PLA2 et des indices anthropométriques à discriminer le risque de MCV chez les hommes et les femmes. RÉSULTATS: Les résultats ont montré que 75,7 % (106) des participants présentaient un risque de MCV. Les indices anthropométriques (poids, IMC, tour de taille, HC, NC, WrC, WHR et WHtR), la glycémie, le profil lipidique et la Lp-LPA2 étaient plus élevés chez les participants présentant un risque de MCV (p<0,05). Chez les hommes, la Lp-PLA2 présentait la plus grande aire sous la courbe (AUC) (AUC = 0,886, p<0,001), suivie de près par l'IMC (AUC = 0,879, p <0,001), le tour de taille (AUC = 0,864, p <0,001) et le WHtR (AUC = 0,866, p <0,001).Chez les femmes, le WHtR présentait la plus grande aire sous la courbe de 0,995 (p<0,001), suivi du tour de taille (aire sous la courbe de 0,990, p<0,001), de l'IMC (aire sous la courbe de 0,970, p<0,001) et de la LpPLA2 (aire sous la courbe de 0,938, p<0,001). CONCLUSION: Les capacités de Lp-PLA2 et des indices anthropométriques à prédire le risque de MCV sont comparables parmi le personnel masculin et féminin apparemment en bonne santé d'une université tertiaire privée du sud-ouest du Nigeria. Mots-clés: Phospholipase A2 associée aux lipoprotéines, indices anthropométriques, risque cardiovasculaire, Nigeria.


Assuntos
1-Alquil-2-acetilglicerofosfocolina Esterase , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Antropometria , Lipídeos
9.
West Afr J Med ; 40(6): 654-662, 2023 Jun 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37390493

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of treatment or the presence of vaccines is forcing nations to respond with strong preventive measures ranging from mitigation, containment, and in extreme cases, quarantines. While these measures are a useful measure of infection control, they can lead to significant social, economic, and psychological consequences. This study sought to establish the prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 movement restriction in Nigeria among girls and women. METHODS: An online-based questionnaire survey using Google Forms was conducted over four weeks among girls and women aged 15 years and above. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, and logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for IPV experience during the lockdown. RESULTS: Overall, 32.8% of respondents reported ever experiencing IPV, and 42.5% experienced IPV during the lockdown. Verbal (35.1%) and psychological (24.1%) violence were the commonest forms of violence in the study. There was considerable overlap between the various forms of IPV in the study. Age less than 35 years (aOR = 1.3; CI = 1.2 - 1.4), resident in the northeast region (aOR=1.6; CI=1.41.9), alcohol (aOR=1.3;CI=1.2-1.5) and substance (aOR = 1.5; CI = 1.3 - 1.8) use, average family monthly income < $100 (aOR = 1.4;CI=1.2 - 1.5), daily or weekly income (aOR = 2.7; CI = 2.5-3.1) had an increased association with IPV during the lockdown, residency in the southeast region had lower odds of experiencing IPV (aOR=.0.5; CI = 0.3-0.8). CONCLUSION: The reported lockdown prevalence of IPV was 42.8%, with verbal and psychological violence being the most prevalent form of IPV. Age less than 35 years, resident in northeast and southeast, use of alcohol or substances, average family monthly income < $100, and partner being a daily-weekly earner was associated with IPV experience. Policymakers in the future should consider the consequences, including IPV, before issuing such an order.


CONTEXTE: La propagation rapide de l'infection par le CoV-2 du SRAS en l'absence de traitement ou présence de vaccins oblige les nations à réagir par des mesures préventives fortes allant de l'atténuation à l'endiguement et, dans les cas extrêmes, à la mise en quarantaine. Bien que ces mesures soient utiles pour contrôler l'infection, elles peuvent avoir des conséquences sociales, économiques et psychologiques importantes. Cette étude visait à établir la prévalence et les facteurs de risque de la violence exercée par le partenaire intime au cours de la restriction de mouvement du COVID-19 au Nigeria, chez les filles et les femmes. MÉTHODES: Une enquête par questionnaire en ligne utilisant google form a été menée pendant quatre semaines auprès de filles et de femmes âgées de 15 ans et plus. L'analyse des données a été réalisée à l'aide de la version 20 de SPSS et une régression logistique a été utilisée pour déterminer les facteurs de risque de violence conjugale pendant la période de restriction. RÉSULTATS: Dans l'ensemble, 32,8 % des personnes interrogées ont déclaré avoir déjà subi des VPI, et 42,5 % ont subi des VPI pendant l'enfermement. La violence verbale (35,1 %) et la violence psychologique (24,1 %) étaient les formes de violence les plus courantes dans l'étude. Il y avait un chevauchement considérable entre les différentes formes de VPI dans l'étude. L'âge inférieur à 35 ans (aOR=1,3 ; CI= 1,2 - 1,4), la résidence dans la région nord-est (aOR=1,6; CI=1,4-1,9), la consommation d'alcool (aOR=1,3; CI=1,2 - 1,5) et de substances (aOR=1,5 ; CI = 1,3 - 1,8), le revenu mensuel moyen de la famille < 100 $ (aOR=1. 4 ; IC = 1,2 - 1,5), le revenu quotidien ou hebdomadaire (aOR = 2,7 ; IC = 2,5-3,1) était davantage associé à la VPI pendant le lockdown, la résidence dans la région du sud-est avait moins de chances d'être victime de VPI (aOR = 0,0,5 ; IC = 0,3-0,8). CONCLUSION: La prévalence de la VPI pendant le lockdown était de 42,8 %, la violence verbale et psychologique étant la forme de VPI la plus répandue. L'âge inférieur à 35 and, le fait de résider dans le nord-est et le sud-est, la consommation d'alcool ou de substances, le revenu mensuel moyen de la famille inférieur à 100 dollars et le fait que le partenaire gagne sa vie toutes les semaines étaient associés à l'expérience de la VPI. À l'avenir, les décideurs politiques devraient prendre en compte les conséquences, y compris la VPI, avant d'émettre un tel ordre. Mots-clés: Violence entre partenaires intimes, COVID-19, Lockdowns, Nigeria, Violence fondée sur le genre.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Feminino , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores de Risco , Etanol
10.
Biochem Soc Trans ; 50(6): 1941-1952, 2022 12 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36524961

RESUMO

The key players in transcriptional regulation are transcription factors (TFs), proteins that bind specific DNA sequences. Several mechanisms exist to turn TFs 'on' and 'off', including ligand binding which induces conformational changes within TFs, subsequently influencing multiple inter- and intramolecular interactions to drive transcriptional responses. Nuclear receptors are a specific family of ligand-regulated TFs whose activity relies on interactions with DNA, coregulator proteins and other receptors. These multidomain proteins also undergo interdomain interactions on multiple levels, further modulating transcriptional outputs. Cooperation between these distinct interactions is critical for appropriate transcription and remains an intense area of investigation. In this review, we report and summarize recent findings that continue to advance our mechanistic understanding of how interactions between nuclear receptors and diverse partners influence transcription.


Assuntos
Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares , Fatores de Transcrição , Ligantes , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , DNA/metabolismo
11.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 48(15): 8663-8674, 2020 09 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32663277

RESUMO

Divalent metal cations are essential to the structure and function of the ribosome. Previous characterizations of the ribosome performed under standard laboratory conditions have implicated Mg2+ as a primary mediator of ribosomal structure and function. Possible contributions of Fe2+ as a ribosomal cofactor have been largely overlooked, despite the ribosome's early evolution in a high Fe2+ environment, and the continued use of Fe2+ by obligate anaerobes inhabiting high Fe2+ niches. Here, we show that (i) Fe2+ cleaves RNA by in-line cleavage, a non-oxidative mechanism that has not previously been shown experimentally for this metal, (ii) the first-order in-line rate constant with respect to divalent cations is >200 times greater with Fe2+ than with Mg2+, (iii) functional ribosomes are associated with Fe2+ after purification from cells grown under low O2 and high Fe2+ and (iv) a small fraction of Fe2+ that is associated with the ribosome is not exchangeable with surrounding divalent cations, presumably because those ions are tightly coordinated by rRNA and deeply buried in the ribosome. In total, these results expand the ancient role of iron in biochemistry and highlight a possible new mechanism of iron toxicity.


Assuntos
Cátions Bivalentes/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Clivagem do RNA/genética , Ribossomos/genética , Sítios de Ligação , Cátions Bivalentes/química , Ferro/química , Magnésio/química , Magnésio/metabolismo , Metais/química , Metais/metabolismo , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ribossomos/química
12.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 74(3): 452-461, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34850410

RESUMO

Globally, cassava is an important food crop that contributes significantly to food security. In Nigeria, cassava can be traditionally processed into abacha (fermented strips), fufu (submerged-fermented porridge) and garri (solid-state fermented farinated granules) for human consumption. Despite the widespread consumption of these foods, there is a major knowledge gap in understanding their core bacterial diversity. This study, therefore, applied next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene to delineate the bacterial diversity in abacha, fufu and garri. Amplicon sequence variants belonging to nine phyla were present in the three foods. Firmicutes dominated the bacterial community of abacha and fufu, whereas, Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in garri. At genus level taxa, Lactococcus, Lysinibacillus and Pseudomonas dominated the bacterial community in abacha, fufu and garri, respectively. Other dominant phylotypes reported in the foods belonged to Bacillus, Clostridium sensu stricto (cluster 1), Cupriavidus, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. To the best of our knowledge, Clostridium sensu stricto cluster 1 and Lysinibacillus in fufu, and Brevundimonas, Cupriavidus, Sphingomonas and Strenotrophomomas in garri are reported for the first time. Although some potential pathogenic genera were recorded, the foods contained potentially functional species that could be explored to improve artisanal food production, food security and safeguard consumer health.


Assuntos
Manihot , Enterobacter , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Nigéria , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética
13.
West Afr J Med ; 39(2): 147-153, 2022 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35278051

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Recently, there has been an increase in the abuse of relatively newer substances sometimes in unusual combinations. Some of these drugs and their street names are unfamiliar to researchers and clinicians, hindering their identification. Our objective was to investigate current trends in drug abuse, focusing on eliciting drugs of use and their street names in Calabar, Nigeria. METHODS: Using a qualitative design, we conducted focus group discussions among 15 male in-patients of the drug treatment ward of the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar. Data was collected as audio recordings and handwritten notes and was analyzed using the Nvivo software. RESULTS: Prescription drugs like flunitrazepam (street name Blueboy, Sweetnol), trihexyphenidyl, codeine and tramadol were commonly abused. Illicit substances included cannabis of various potencies (each having unique street names), vulcanizing gum (street name Solution), cocaine and heroin (street name Thailand). Some unusual substances such as soakaway fumes, formaldehyde or gammalin (lindane) mixed with cannabis were described. Few supposedly nonpsychoactive substances were reportedly potent when consumed alone (e.g., leaves of the papaya plant) or in mixtures, such as menthol candy dissolved in soft drinks. Other prescription drugs such as Benadol or D4, unfamiliar to the researchers, were volunteered. CONCLUSION: Newer substances of abuse in their various combinations are abused by Nigerian youth. More studies are needed to elucidate further the chemical composition of these drugs/mixtures and their mechanism of action.


INTRODUCTION: Récemment, il y a eu une augmentation de l'abus de substances relativement nouvelles parfois dans des Combinaisons. Certaines de ces drogues et leurs noms de rue sont peu familiers aux chercheurs et aux cliniciens, ce qui entrave leur identification. Notre objectif était d'étudier les tendances actuelles dans l'abus de drogues, en mettant l'accent sur l'obtention de drogues de consommation et leur noms de rues à Calabar, Nigeria. MÉTHODES: À l'aide d'une conception qualitative, nous avons mené des discussions de groupe entre 15 patients masculins hospitalisés du médicament service de traitement de l'Hôpital fédéral neuropsychiatrique, Calabar. Les données ont été recueillies sous forme d'enregistrements audio et d'écriture manuscrite, et a été analysé à l'aide du logiciel Nvivo. RÉSULTATS: Médicaments sur ordonnance comme le flunitrazépam (nom de la rue Blueboy, Sweetnol), trihexyphénidyle, codéine et tramadol ont été couramment maltraités. Les substances illicites comprenaient le cannabis de différentes puissances (chacune ayant des noms de rue uniques), gomme vulcanisante (nom de rue Solution), cocaïne et héroïne (nom de la rue Thaïlande). Certaines substances inhabituelles telles quefumées trempées, formaldéhyde ou gammaline (lindane) mélangés avec du cannabis ont été décrits. Peu de substances prétendument non psychoactives étaient apparemment puissantes lorsque consommés seuls (par exemple, feuilles de la papaye) ou en mélanges, tels que les bonbons au menthol dissous dans les boissons gazeuses. Autres médicaments d'ordonnance tels que Benadol ou D4, inconnus de l'chercheurs, ont été volontaires. CONCLUSION: Nouvelles substances d'abus dans leurs divers combinaisons sont abusées par les jeunes Nigérians. D'autres études sont nécessaires pour élucider davantage la composition chimique de ces médicaments/mélanges et leur mécanisme d'action. Mots-clés: Drogues psychoactives, étude qualitative, abus, hospitalisé.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Atenção à Saúde , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia
14.
West Afr J Med ; 39(9): 935-941, 2022 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36126345

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We assessed the prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with metabolic syndrome in a rural community and an urban community in South-west Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study among healthy volunteers 18 years and above was conducted in urban (Ikeja) and rural (Ilara-Akaka) communities in Lagos and Ogun State, respectively, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Selfreported physical activity [measured in metabolic equivalent (MET)] was assessed using the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the definition recommended by the Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force. Regression analysis of factors associated with physical inactivity was done using IBM Statistics version 26. RESULTS: A total of 437 participants were recruited with a median age of 45 years (IQR 38,56). The prevalence of physical inactivity was 24.9%. There was a significant negative correlation between metabolic syndrome components and total MET except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Being a female (AOR 1.9 95% CI 1.0 - 3.5, p=0.040), living in an urban community (AOR 1.81 95% CI 1.1 - 2.9, p=0.014), and having metabolic syndrome (AOR 3.98 95% CI 2.2 - 6.7, p <0.001) were associated with physical inactivity. Having raised fasting plasma glucose, elevated blood pressure, increased waist circumference, and reduced HDL cholesterol were associated with physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: There was an association between metabolic syndrome and its components with physical inactivity. In order to mitigate the effects of metabolic syndrome, public health actions that will promote physical activity, especially in urban communities, are urgently needed.


CONTEXTE: Nous avons évalué la prévalence de l'inactivité physique et son association avec le syndrome métabolique dans une communauté rurale et une communauté urbaine du sud-ouest du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Une étude descriptive transversale a été menée auprès de volontaires sains âgés de 18 ans et plus dans des communautés urbaines (Ikeja) et rurales (Ilara-Akaka) des États de Lagos et d'Ogun, respectivement, à l'aide d'une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés. L'activité physique autodéclarée [mesurée en équivalent métabolique (MET)] a été évaluée à l'aide du questionnaire global sur l'activité physique de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé. Le syndrome métabolique a été évalué à l'aide de la définition recommandée par le Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force. L'analyse de régression des facteurs associés à l'inactivité physique a été effectuée à l'aide de IBM Statistics version 26. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 437 participants ont été recrutés avec un âge médian de 45 ans (IQR 38,56). La prévalence de l'inactivité physique était de 24,9 %. Il y avait une corrélation négative significative entre les composants du syndrome métabolique et le MET total, à l'exception du cholestérol à lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL). Le fait d'être une femme (AOR 1,9 IC 95 % 1,0 - 3,5, p=0,040), de vivre dans une communauté urbaine (AOR 1,81 IC 95 % 1,1 - 2,9, p=0,014) et d'avoir un syndrome métabolique (AOR 3,98 IC 95 % 2,2 - 6,7, p<0,001) était associé à l'inactivité physique. Une glycémie à jeun élevée, une pression artérielle élevée, un tour de taille accru et un taux de cholestérol HDL réduit étaient associés à l'inactivité physique. CONCLUSION: Il existe une association entre le syndrome métabolique et ses composantes et la sédentarité. Afin d'atténuer les effets du syndrome métabolique, il est urgent de mettre en place des actions de santé publique visant à promouvoir l'activité physique, en particulier dans les communautés urbaines. Mots clés: Inactivité physique, syndrome métabolique, Nigeria.


Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica , Glicemia , HDL-Colesterol , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário
15.
West Afr J Med ; 39(5): 548-551, 2022 May 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35633651

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While physical recovery has been made a priority, the psychological wellbeing of recovered patients is not receiving the attention it deserves. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 27-year-old male who developed severe depression associated with anxiety and suicidal ideations two weeks after full recovery from COVID- 19 infection. Significant somatization was also present at the onset which he misattributed to a recurrence of the infection. He was admitted for in-patient psychiatric care and fully recovered after six weeks of medication and psychotherapy. CONCLUSION: Infection with the virus is a psychologically distressing experience that can trigger mental disorders in vulnerable individuals. Our report highlights the mental health needs of all COVID-19 patients and the need for psychological evaluation in the post-recovery period.


CONTEXTE: La pandémie de coronavirus est associée àmorbidité et mortalité importantes. Pendant la récupération physiquea été fait une priorité, le bien-être psychologique deles patients rétablis ne reçoivent pas l'attention qu'ils méritent. PRÉSENTATION DU CAS: Nous présentons le cas d'un jeune homme de 27 anshomme qui a développé une dépression sévère associée à l'anxiétéet les idées suicidaires deux semaines après le rétablissement complet de la COVID-19 infection. Une somatisation importante était également présente à l'apparition qu'il a attribuée à tort à une récurrence de l'infection.Il a été admis pour des soins psychiatriques hospitaliers et completsrécupéré après six semaines de médicaments et de psychothérapie. CONCLUSION: L'infection par le virus est une atteinte psychologiqueexpérience pénible qui peut déclencher des troubles mentaux dansles personnes vulnérables. Notre rapport met en lumière la santé mentaleles besoins de tous les patients atteints de la COVID-19 et le besoin deévaluation dans la période post-rétablissement. Mots-clés: Anxiété, Dépression, Suicidaire, COVID-19, Nigéria.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Suicídio , Adulto , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria , Ideação Suicida , Suicídio/psicologia
16.
West Afr J Med ; 39(11): 1141-1147, 2022 Nov 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36453473

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The elderly hypertensive patients often have increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their attendant co-morbidities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and blood pressure control among elderly hypertensive patients, and to determine the influence of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors on the control of hypertension among elderly hypertensive patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case-control comparative and hospitalbased study involving a total of 190 consenting elderly (>65 years), hypertensive patients (subjects) (n=100) and normotensive controls (n=90) was carried out over a period of ten months. Using interviewer-administered questionnaire, biodata and information regarding their lifestyle was obtained. Standard protocols were used to measure blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and fasting lipid profile of the subjects. Body mass index was derived from weight and height. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 71.5 ± 6.3 years and the controls was 72.3 ± 7.2 years. Forty-eight percent (48%) and 47.8% of the subjects and controls were females (p = 0.651). The level of control of hypertension was poor in over two-thirds (68%) of the elderly hypertensive patients. The prevalence of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors burden was higher in the hypertensive subjects when compared with the controls. Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia was 76% in the subjects and 51% in the controls (p = 0.004). Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 40% among the subjects and 17.8% in the controls (p = 0.0001); prevalence of Obesity was 24% in the subjects and 4.4% in the controls (p=<0.001); prevalence of excess alcohol intake was 49% in the subjects and 14.4% in the controls (p=<0.001). Prevalence of sedentary life style was high in both the subjects (53%) and controls (50%), p=0.679. Poor blood pressure control was predicted by dyslipidaemia and central obesity. CONCLUSION: The level of control of hypertension was poor among the elderly and modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors were relatively prevalent. Central obesity and dyslipidaemia were predictive of poor control of hypertension. Addressing these factors may therefore improve blood pressure control.


INTRODUCTION: Les patients hypertendus âgés présentent souvent une prévalence accrue de facteurs de risque cardiométaboliques et de leurs comorbidités. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence des facteurs de risque cardiométabolique et le contrôle de la pression artérielle chez les patients hypertendus âgés, et de déterminer l'influence des facteurs de risque cardiométabolique modifiables sur le contrôle de l'hypertension chez les patients hypertendus âgés. SUJETS ET MÉTHODES: Une étude cas-témoins comparative et hospitalière portant sur un total de 190 patients âgés (e"65 ans) consentants, hypertendus (sujets) (n=100) et témoins normotendus (n=90) a été réalisée sur une période de dix mois. A l'aide d'un questionnaire administré par un enquêteur, des données biographiques et des informations concernant leur mode de vie ont été obtenues. Des protocoles standard ont été utilisés pour mesurer la pression artérielle, le poids, la taille, le tour de taille, la glycémie à jeun et le profil lipidique à jeun des sujets. L'indice de masse corporelle a été calculé à partir du poids et de la taille. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen des sujets était de 71,5±6,3 ans et celui des témoins de 72,3±7,2 ans. Quarante-huit pour cent (48 %) et 47,8 % des sujets et des témoins étaient des femmes (p=0,651). Le niveau de contrôle de l'hypertension était faible chez plus de deux tiers (68 %) des patients hypertendus âgés. La prévalence des facteurs de risque cardiométabolique modifiables était plus élevée chez les sujets hypertendus que chez les témoins. La prévalence de la dyslipidémie était de 76 % chez les sujets, 51 % chez les témoins (p=0,004). La prévalence du diabète sucré était de 40% chez les sujets et de 17,8% chez les témoins (p= 0,0001), la prévalence de l'obésité était de 24% chez les sujets et de 4,4% chez les témoins (p=<0,001), la prévalence de la consommation excessive d'alcool était de 49% chez les sujets et de 14,4% chez les témoins (p=<0,001). La prévalence du style de vie sédentaire était élevée chez les sujets (53%) et les témoins (50%), p=0,679. Un mauvais contrôle de la pression artérielle était prédit par la dyslipidémie et l'obésité centrale. CONCLUSION: Le niveau de contrôle de l'hypertension était faible chez les personnes âgées et les facteurs de risque cardiométaboliques modifiables étaient relativement prévalents. L'obésité centrale et la dyslipidémie étaient prédictives d'un mauvais contrôle de l'hypertension. La prise en compte de ces facteurs peut donc améliorer le contrôle de la pression artérielle. Mots clés: Pression artérielle, Facteurs de risque cardiométabolique, Personnes âgées.


Assuntos
Hipertensão , Obesidade Abdominal , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pressão Sanguínea , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Morbidade
18.
West Afr J Med ; 38(12): 1200-1205, 2021 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35037450

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS is a multi-system disease that has been associated with several endocrinopathies including thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction in patients with HIV/AIDS, among other factors, may arise from the direct cytopathic effects of HIV on the thyroid gland in addition to the adverse effects of highly active anti-retroviral drugs (HAART). STUDY OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction in HAART naïve HIV patients in Enugu. MATERIALS & METHODS: Study was cross sectional, casecontrol based, involving 250 HAART naïve HIV sero-positive patients and 250 HIV sero-negative subjects. Anthropometric measurements and physical examination were done. Assay for fT3, fT4, TSH (for thyroid function) was done using the Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) method. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS: The HAART naïve sero-positive cohorts comprised 112 males and 138 females while the control subjects consisted of 125 males and 125 females. Mean ages (years) of test and control groups were 38.84± 10.60 and 39.58 ±11.68 respectively. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the study subjects was 36.4% and 7.6% in the controls. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common prevalent type of thyroid dysfunction in both test and control groups at 17.6% and 7.2% respectively. In the test group, sick euthyroid syndrome (17.2%) ranked second while in the controls, primary hypothyroidism (7.2%) was the second commonest dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Thyroid dysfunction was more common in HAART-naïve HIV sero-positive subjects than in the general population with subclinical hypothyroidism emerging as the commonest abnormality.


CONTEXTE: Le VIH/SIDA est une maladie multisystémique qui a été associée à plusieurs endocrinopathies, dont la thyroïde associée à plusieurs endocrinopathies, y compris le dysfonctionnement de la dysfunctionnement. Le dysfonctionnement thyroïdien chez les patients atteints du VIH/SIDA, entre autres facteurs, peut être due aux effets cytopathiques directs du cytopathiques directs du VIH sur la glande thyroïde, en plus des effets indésirables des médicaments antirétroviraux hautement actifs (HAART). OBJECTIF DE L'ÉTUDE: L'étude visait à déterminer la prévalence et le modèle de dysfonctionnement thyroïdien chez les patients VIH naïfs de traitement HAART à Enugu. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: L'étude était transversale, basée sur un cas-témoin, impliquant 250 patients séropositifs n'ayant jamais reçu de HAART et 250 patients séronégatifs et 250 sujets séronégatifs. Des mesures anthropométriques et un examen physique ont été effectués. Les dosages de fT3, fT4, TSH (pour la fonction thyroïdienne) a été effectué à l'aide de l'Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA). Les données ont été analysées en utilisant le progiciel statistiques pour sciences sociales (SPSS) version 23. RÉSULTATS: Les cohortes séropositives n'ayant jamais reçu de HAART comprenaient 112 hommes et 138 femmes, tandis que les sujets témoins comprenaient 125 hommes et 125 femmes. Les âges moyens (années) des groupes test et groupes témoins étaient respectivement de 38,84± 10,60 et 39,58 ±11,68. La prévalence du dysfonctionnement de la thyroïde parmi les sujets de l'étude était de 36,4 % et 7,6 % chez les témoins. L'hypothyroïdie subclinique était le type de dysfonctionnement thyroïdien le plus répandu dans les groupes test et témoin soit 17,6 % et 7,2 % respectivement. Dans le groupe test, le syndrome d'euthyroïdie maladive (17,2 %) arrivait en deuxième position, tandis que dans le groupe témoin, l'hypothyroïdie primaire (7,2 %) était le deuxième type de dysfonctionnement le plus courant. CONCLUSION: Les dysfonctionnements de la thyroïde étaient plus fréquents chez les personnes suivantes sujets séropositifs n'ayant jamais reçu de traitement antirétroviral que dans la population générale, l'hypothyroïdie subclinique apparaissant comme la l'anomalie la plus fréquente. MOTS-CLÉS: Prévalence, Modèle, HAART-naïf, patients VIH, dysfonctionnement de la thyroïde, Nigéria.


Assuntos
Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Infecções por HIV , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Glândula Tireoide
19.
West Afr J Med ; 38(3): 213-221, 2021 03 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33764727

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial use plays a key role in development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Following the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the report of the first confirmed case in Nigeria, several states embarked on either a full or partial lockdown as a measure to prevent or curtail the spread of the virus with its attendant challenges. This survey was designed to provide a snapshot of public antimicrobial use and common perception related to antimicrobial use for COVID-19 related symptoms among Nigerian populace. METHODS: We developed and tested a 29-question electronic questionnaire with Google forms asking respondents about their antimicrobial use and perceptions regarding appropriate antimicrobial use for real or perceived symptoms during the outbreak period. Respondents aged 18 years and above were recruited through crowd sourcing and they received the link to the survey tool through emails and social media including WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. All data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: A total of 410 responses were received from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria comprising 200 (48.8%) females and 210 (51.2%) males. Majority (62.9%) of the respondents had taken antimicrobials in the 3 months period preceding the survey, while less than half (46.8%) received prescription for it. Previous intake of antimicrobial for similar illness was a predictor of antimicrobial intake (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.30-1.01). The most consumed antimicrobial was antimalarial drugs, specifically Artemisinin-based combination therapy (43.4%), followed by antibiotics [Ciprofloxacin (20.2%)]. CONCLUSION: There was high levels of antimicrobial use for COVID-19 related symptoms by the Nigerian public. This is likely to escalate the already high prevalence of antimicrobial use previously reported and may further fuel the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.


CONTEXTE: L'utilisation d'antimicrobiens joue un rôle clé dans le développement et la propagation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens. À la suite de la pandémie mondiale de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) et du rapport du premier cas confirmé au Nigéria, plusieurs États se sont engagés dans un verrouillage complet ou partiel en tant que mesure pour prévenir ou freiner la propagation du virus avec ses défis associés. Cette enquête a été conçue pour fournir un aperçu de l'utilisation publique des antimicrobiens et de la perception commune liée à l'utilisation des antimicrobiens pour les symptômes liés au COVID-19 parmi la population nigériane. MÉTHODES: Nous avons développé et testé un questionnaire électronique de 29 questions avec des formulaires Google interrogeant les répondants sur leur utilisation d'antimicrobiens et leurs perceptions concernant l'utilisation appropriée d'antimicrobiens pour les symptômes réels ou perçus pendant la période d'épidémie. Les répondants âgés de 18 ans et plus ont été recrutés via le crowdsourcing et ils ont reçu le lien vers l'outil d'enquête via des e-mails et des médias sociaux, notamment WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn et Instagram. Toutes les analyses de données ont été effectuées à l'aide de la version 26.0 de SPSS. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 410 réponses ont été reçues des six zones géopolitiques du Nigéria comprenant 200 (48,8%) femmes et 210 (51,2%) hommes. La majorité (62,9%) des répondants avaient pris des antimicrobiens au cours des 3 mois précédant l'enquête, tandis que moins de la moitié (46,8%) en avaient reçu une prescription. La prise antérieure d'antimicrobiens pour une maladie similaire était un prédicteur de l'ingestion d'antimicrobiens (OR: 0,55, IC à 95%: 0,30-1,01). L'antimicrobien le plus consommé était les antipaludiques, en particulier les associations thérapeutiques à base d'artémisinine (43,4%), suivis des antibiotiques [Ciprofloxacine (20,2%)]. CONCLUSION: Il y avait des niveaux élevés d'utilisation d'antimicrobiens pour les symptômes liés au COVID-19 par le public nigérian. Cela est susceptible d'augmenter la prévalence déjà élevée de l'utilisation d'antimicrobiens rapportée précédemment et peut encore alimenter l'émergence de la résistance aux antimicrobiens.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , COVID-19 , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 45(7): 3634-3642, 2017 04 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28334877

RESUMO

Life originated in an anoxic, Fe2+-rich environment. We hypothesize that on early Earth, Fe2+ was a ubiquitous cofactor for nucleic acids, with roles in RNA folding and catalysis as well as in processing of nucleic acids by protein enzymes. In this model, Mg2+ replaced Fe2+ as the primary cofactor for nucleic acids in parallel with known metal substitutions of metalloproteins, driven by the Great Oxidation Event. To test predictions of this model, we assay the ability of nucleic acid processing enzymes, including a DNA polymerase, an RNA polymerase and a DNA ligase, to use Fe2+ in place of Mg2+ as a cofactor during catalysis. Results show that Fe2+ can indeed substitute for Mg2+ in catalytic function of these enzymes. Additionally, we use calculations to unravel differences in energetics, structures and reactivities of relevant Mg2+ and Fe2+ complexes. Computation explains why Fe2+ can be a more potent cofactor than Mg2+ in a variety of folding and catalytic functions. We propose that the rise of O2 on Earth drove a Fe2+ to Mg2+ substitution in proteins and nucleic acids, a hypothesis consistent with a general model in which some modern biochemical systems retain latent abilities to revert to primordial Fe2+-based states when exposed to pre-GOE conditions.


Assuntos
Coenzimas/química , Ferro/química , Catálise , DNA Ligases/metabolismo , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/metabolismo , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/metabolismo , Magnésio/química , Oxirredução , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo
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