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This study evaluated the probiotic properties, safety profile, and antioxidative and immune system-enhancing effects of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human infant feces. E. faecium KU22001, E. faecium KU22002, and E. faecium KU22005 exhibited potential probiotic properties; however, to eliminate concerns about toxin production and antibiotic resistance, the E. faecium strains were heat-treated prior to experimental usage. E. faecium KU22001 showed the highest antioxidant activity and lowest reactive oxygen species production among the three strains. The immune system-enhancing effects of heat-killed E. faecium strains were evaluated using a nitric oxide assay. E. faecium KU22001 induced an increase in the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, and interleukin-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, E. faecium KU22001 activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which was a key regulator of the immune system. These results demonstrate the potential use of E. faecium KU22001 as a multifunctional food material.
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Despite modern advances in food hygiene, food poisoning due to microbial contamination remains a global problem, and poses a great threat to human health. Especially, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus are gram-positive bacteria found on food-contact surfaces with biofilms. These foodborne pathogens cause a considerable number of food poisoning and infections annually. Ovomucin (OM) is a water-insoluble gel-type glycoprotein in egg whites. Enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to improve the bioactive properties of OM. This study aimed to investigate whether ovomucin hydrolysates (OMHs) produced using five commercial enzymes (Alcalase®, Bromelain, α-Chymotrypsin, Papain, and Pancreatin) can inhibit the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313, L. monocytogenes H7962, S. aureus KCCM 11593, and S. aureus 7. Particularly, OMH prepared with papain (OMPP; 500 µg/mL) significantly inhibited biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313, L. monocytogenes H7962, S. aureus KCCM 11593, and S. aureus 7 by 85.56 %, 80.28 %, 91.70 %, and 79.00 %, respectively. In addition, OMPP reduced the metabolic activity, exopolysaccharide production (EPS), adhesion ability, and gene expression associated with the biofilm formation of these bacterial strains. These results suggest that OMH, especially OMPP, exerts anti-biofilm effects against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Therefore, OMPP can be used as a natural anti-biofilm agent to control food poisoning in the food industry.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Listeria monocytogenes , Ovomucina , Staphylococcus aureus , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ovomucina/farmacologia , Ovomucina/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Papaína/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Quimotripsina/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismoRESUMO
The anticancer potential of Levilactobacillus brevis KU15176 against the stomach cancer cell line AGS has been reported previously. In this study, we aimed to analyze the genome of L. brevis KU15176 and identify key genes that may have potential anticancer properties. Among potential anticancer molecules, the role of arginine deiminase (ADI) in conferring an antiproliferative functionality was confirmed. In vitro assay against AGS cell line confirmed that recombinant ADI from L. brevis KU15176 (ADI_br, 5 µg/mL), overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), exerted an inhibitory effect on AGS cell growth, resulting in a 65.32% reduction in cell viability. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as bax, bad, caspase-7, and caspase-3, as well as the activity of caspase-9 in ADI_br-treated AGS cells, was higher than those in untreated (culture medium-only) cells. The cell-scattering behavior of ADI_br-treated cells showed characteristics of apoptosis. Flow cytometry analyses of AGS cells treated with ADI_br for 24 and 28 h revealed apoptotic rates of 11.87 and 24.09, respectively, indicating the progression of apoptosis in AGS cells after ADI_br treatment. This study highlights the potential of ADI_br as an effective enzyme for anticancer applications.
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Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Hidrolases , Levilactobacillus brevis , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrolases/metabolismo , Hidrolases/genética , Hidrolases/farmacologia , Levilactobacillus brevis/genética , Levilactobacillus brevis/enzimologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen associated with tooth decay, forms cariogenic biofilms on tooth surfaces. Therefore, controlling oral biofilm helps prevent dental caries. Hen's egg is a nutrient-dense food, and egg white is a good source of protein. Ovomucoid is one of the major proteins in egg white, with a 28 kDa molecular weight. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of ovomucoid on the biofilm formation of S. mutans by suppressing virulence factors, including bacterial adherence, cellular aggregation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. RESULTS: Crystal violet staining showed that biofilm formation by S. mutans was inhibited by ovomucoid at 0.25-1 mg mL-1 levels. Field emission scanning electron microscopy also confirmed this inhibition. In addition, ovomucoid reduced mature biofilm, water-insoluble EPS synthesis and the metabolic activity of bacterial cells in the biofilm. The bacterial adhesion and aggregation abilities of S. mutans were also decreased in the presence of ovomucoid. Ovomucoid downregulated the expression of comDE and vicR genes involved in the two-component signal transduction system and gtfA and ftf genes involved in EPS production. CONCLUSION: Ovomucoid has the potential for use as an anti-biofilm agent for dental caries treatment because of its inhibitory effects on the virulence factors of S. mutans. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Cárie Dentária , Streptococcus mutans , Animais , Feminino , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus mutans/metabolismo , Ovomucina , Clara de Ovo , Galinhas , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Biofilmes , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Fatores de Virulência/farmacologiaRESUMO
Streptococcus mutans is a significant contributor to dental caries and causes functional and aesthetic discomfort. Weissella cibaria strains were isolated from kimchi, and their functional properties were determined. In this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of four W. cibaria strains (D29, D30, D31, and B22) were evaluated against three S. mutans strains using culture fluid and cell-free supernatants. The results showed that W. cibaria reduced the exopolysaccharides production and auto-aggregation, increased co-aggregation, and downregulated virulence factors, leading to the inhibition of bacterial growth and biofilm formation. These findings were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. These results indicate that oral health can be potentially improved by W. cibaria.
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Cárie Dentária , Probióticos , Humanos , Streptococcus mutans , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Panax ginseng Meyer, a traditional herb in Asia, contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, and ginsenosides. Furthermore, fermentation with probiotics can promote the biofunctional activities of ginseng. This study's object was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of hydroponic ginseng against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced cytotoxicity and its effect on the fermentation time. RESULTS: Nonfermented hydroponic ginseng (HNF) was fermented with Lactococcus lactis KC24 at 37 °C for 12 h (H12F) or 24 h (H24F). As fermentation progressed, the content of ginsenosides Rd and F2 increased slightly. The viability of cells pretreated with H2 O2 -exposed nonfermented soil-cultivated ginseng (SNF), HNF, H12F, and H24F gradually improved. In addition, a similar cytotoxicity trend was observed for the level of lactate dehydrogenase released. Fermentation with L. lactis KC24 also enhanced the protective effect of HNF in all assays related to the neuroprotective pathway. In other words, superoxide dismutase and catalase messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were upregulated in H24F-treated cells. Similarly, H24F also upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the highest observed concentration. Moreover, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was the lowest after H24F pretreatment in H2 O2 -induced SH-SY5Y cells. Attenuating the cytotoxicity in H2 O2 -induced SH-SY5Y cells, H24F markedly reduced caspase-3 and -9 mRNA expression and caspase-3 activity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HNF exhibited higher neuroprotection than SNF, which was enhanced after fermentation. This study demonstrates that H12F and H24F can be potential ingredients for developing healthy functional foods and pharmaceutical materials. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Ginsenosídeos , Lactococcus lactis , Neuroblastoma , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Panax , Humanos , Ginsenosídeos/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Caspase 3/genética , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Lactococcus lactis/genética , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismo , Panax/química , Hidroponia , Neuroblastoma/metabolismoRESUMO
Recent research has focused on the anti-cancer properties of Lactobacillus strains isolated from fermented foods. Their anti-cancer effects are caused by the apoptosis induction in cancer cells. However, sepsis, which can occur when cancer patients consume living organisms, can cause serious conditions in patients with reduced immunity because of cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted using heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis KU15176 (KU15176). To determine the relationship between inflammation and cancer, the anti-inflammatory effect of KU15176 was evaluated using a nitric oxide (NO) assay. Then, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to select cancer cells that showed the anti-proliferative effect of KU15176. Next, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometry, and caspase colorimetric assay were performed. As a result, it was confirmed that KU15176 could cause the increasing expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9), DNA breakage, effective apoptosis rate, and increased caspase activity in the human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) gastric cancer cell line. In conclusion, these results suggest a potential prophylactic effect of KU15176 against cancer.
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Levilactobacillus brevis , Neoplasias Gástricas , Apoptose , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Levilactobacillus brevis/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 200655 and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on soymilk fermentation and the neuroprotective effects of fermented soymilk (FS). The addition of FOS did not affect the physicochemical properties during fermentation. It helped that L. plantarum 200655 survive for 21 days of storage at 4 °C. FOS increased the ß-glucosidase activity of L. plantarum 200655, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities, such as radical scavenging and reducing power of FS. In addition, FS with FOS exerted neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. FS with 3% and 5% FOS (FS3 and FS5) significantly increased cell viability and gene expression of neuronal markers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine hydroxylase. Moreover, FS3 and FS5 significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase release and the gene expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-9, and caspase-3. These results indicated that FS3 and FS5, with enhanced antioxidant properties, could protect SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced damage. Therefore, soymilk fermented with L. plantarum 200655 and FOS can be used as a prophylactic functional food with neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress.
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This study determined the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus brevis KU15153 against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans KCTC 5316. Antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, biofilm formation, and morphological changes were assessed in the presence of L. brevis KU15153. L. brevis KU15153 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against S. mutans KCTC 5316 (28.67 ± 4.16 mm). Auto-aggregation (38.32%), cell surface hydrophobicity (27.08%), and EPS production rate (58.52%) of S. mutans KCTC 5316 slightly decreased upon treatment with L. brevis KU15153. Additionally, crystal violet stanning and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the L. brevis KU15153-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation by S. mutans KCTC 5316 in comparison to that observed in the negative control (untreated S. mutans KCTC 5316). These results indicate that the L. brevis KU15153 could be used as a potential probiotic for maintaining oral health.
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Cárie Dentária , Levilactobacillus brevis , Probióticos , Biofilmes , Humanos , Streptococcus mutansRESUMO
The screening of novel probiotic strains from various food sources including fruits, vegetables, herbs, and traditional fermented foods, have been of growing concern recently. Most of these potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolates were distinguished from the commercial probiotics based on multiple therapeutic effects and functionalities. Recent in vitro and in vivo investigates have also verified the usage of probiotics to lower the risk of diseases. Application of these novel strains in fermented dairy products is also an emerging trend to improve the physical and quality characteristics, functional properties, and safety of dairy products. Moreover, since dairy products are one of the highest consumed products in the globe, the dispatch channels for fermented dairy products are already established. Therefore, incorporating novel probiotic strains into fermented dairy products might be the most feasible approach for their delivery. In this context, our aim is to discuss the feasibility of dairy products as delivery vehicles for novel probiotic strains. Thus, we summarize the scientific evidence that points to a dynamic future for the production of fermented dairy-based probiotics.
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Lactobacillus fermentum KU200060 was isolated from watery kimchi and its probiotic characteristics were evaluated, including tolerance to artificial gastric acid and bile salt, production of enzymes, ability to adhere to HT-29 cells, and antibiotic susceptibility. The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of L. fermentum KU200060 against Streptococcus mutans KCTC 5316 were compared to those of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus brevis KU15006. L. fermentum KU200060 demonstrated higher antibacterial activity and inhibition of biofilm formation by S. mutans than L. rhamnosus GG via inhibiting formation of water-insoluble glucan and related gene expression. In addition, L. fermentum KU200060 was applied as a probiotic in yogurt, and its physicochemical property and sensory value demonstrated its potential as a yogurt starter. The physicochemical characteristics and consumer acceptability of the probiotic yogurt containing L. fermentum KU200060 were not significantly different compared to those of the control yogurt. Therefore, L. fermentum KU200060 could be used for oral health in the probiotic industry.
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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Probióticos , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , IogurteRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probiotic characteristics and neuroprotective effects of bacteria isolated from Korean fermented foods. Three bacterial strains (Lactobacillus fermentum KU200060, Lactobacillus delbrueckii KU200171, and Lactobacillus buchneri KU200793) showed potential probiotic properties, such as high tolerance against artificial gastric juice and bile salts, sensitivity to antibiotics, nonproduction of carcinogenic enzymes, and high adhesion to intestinal cells. Heat-killed L. fermentum KU200060 and L. buchneri KU200793 showed higher antioxidant activity than heat-killed L. delbrueckii KU200171. The conditioned medium (CM) was used to evaluate the reaction between HT-29 cells and each heat-killed strain. All CMs protected SH-SY5Y cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced toxicity. The expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) mRNA in HT-29 cells treated with CM containing heat-killed L. buchneri KU200793 was the highest. The CM significantly reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increased BDNF mRNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. These results indicate that L. buchneri KU200793 can be used as a prophylactic functional food, having probiotic potential and neuroprotective effects.
Assuntos
Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , 1-Metil-4-fenilpiridínio , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/farmacologia , Suco Gástrico , Células HT29 , Humanos , Intestinos , Lactobacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillus/genética , Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , República da CoreiaRESUMO
This study aimed to improve antioxidant effect and hepatoprotective effect of Inula britannica using fermentation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in an I. britannica extract was found to be upregulated from 2.06 to 10.28 µg/mg during fermentation (p < 0.001). After fermentation, DPPH radical-scavenging ABTS radical-scavenging, and superoxide anion-scavenging abilities increased to 92.65%, 694.25 µM Trolox/mL, and 86.38%, respectively, at 500 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Cupric-ion-reducing capacity with formation of the Cu+-neocuproine complex increased by 5.88%, 6.38%, 3.24%, and 8.55% at 62.5 to 500 µg/mL. Ferric-ion-reducing capacity of the fermented extract increased by 20%, 7.16%, 3.85%, and 5.45% at each concentration (p < 0.05). Unfermented extracts yielded cell viability of 91.42%, 90.59%, 88.38%, and 79.17%, whereas the fermented extract yielded 100.28%, 99.66%, 96.15%, and 89.90%, respectively, at each concentration in ethanol-damaged HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). Additionally, the fermented extract decreased alanine transaminase activity from 117.2 to 61.7 U/mL in the ethanol-damaged HepG2 cell line (p < 0.01). Overall, both antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect increased by fermentation in I. britannica extract. These properties are expected to lead to new antioxidant agents via production of EGCG by fermentation.
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Catequina/análogos & derivados , Inula/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Catequina/metabolismo , Catequina/farmacologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Fermentação , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Fígado/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the ß-glucan contents, physicochemical features, and microbial communities in milk kefir prepared using Saccharomyces cerevisiae KU200284 isolated from cucumber jangajji, a fermented vegetable commonly eaten in Korean. Three types of milk kefir were manufactured, with (1) activated kefir grain, (2) activated kefir grain with commercial S. cerevisiae BOF, and (3) activated kefir grain with S. cerevisiae KU200284. ß-Glucan contents of milk kefir using kefir grain and kefir grain with S. cerevisiae strains BOF and KU200284 were 8.29, 8.59, and 8.57%, respectively. The pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, Brix level, and alcohol contents of milk kefir using kefir grain with S. cerevisiae strains were acceptable compared with milk kefir using only kefir grain. In milk kefir produced using kefir grains and S. cerevisiae strains, 16S rRNA reads showed representative strains of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens (>72% relative abundance) and Acetobacter fabarum (>16% relative abundance). In particular, milk kefir using kefir grain with S. cerevisiae KU200284 had the highest relative abundance of L. kefiranofaciens. In addition, the internal transcribed sequence (ITS) rRNA reads in tested milk kefir showed representative strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus (>52% relative abundance) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (>16% relative abundance). In contrast, milk kefir using S. cerevisiae strains had higher relative abundance of S. cerevisiae (>37%). The ß-glucan production, physicochemical properties, and microbial community profiling indicate that S. cerevisiae KU200284 could be used in functional dairy products as a starter culture.
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Kefir/microbiologia , Probióticos/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Acetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Fermentação , Kluyveromyces/isolamento & purificação , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Microbiota , RNA Ribossômico 16S , beta-Glucanas/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: General antiviral agents such as oseltamivir are associated with certain adverse effects and the emergence of resistance. This study investigated the phytochemical properties, antiviral activities, and safety of three herbs used in traditional Korean medicine. METHODS: Extracts of three medicinal herbs (Brassica juncea, Forsythia suspensa, and Inula britannica) were prepared using ethanol or water. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin content, condensed tannin content, and reducing sugar content of the herb extracts were determined via phytochemical screening. Tandem mass analysis was performed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-Q/Orbitrap instrument. Virus titrations were determined via tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) and cytotoxicity assays. Hemolysis and hepatotoxicity were measured to determine safety. RESULTS: Among the three medicinal herbs, F. suspensa showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and saponins. The number of phytochemical compounds detected via tandem mass analysis of B. juncea, F. suspensa, and I. britannica was 5 (including sinigrin, m/z [M-H] = 358.02), 14 (including forsythoside A, m/z [M-H] = 623.19), and 18 (including chlorogenic acid, m/z [M-H] = 353.20), respectively. The antiviral effects of the B. juncea extracts (ethanol and water) and I. britannica extract (ethanol) were further investigated. The ethanol extract of B. juncea showed a 3 Log TCID50/25 µL virus titration reduction and the water extract showed a selectivity index of 13.668 against infected influenza H1N1 virus A/NWS/33. The B. juncea extracts did not show hemolysis activities and hepatotoxicity (< 20%). The ethanol extract of I. britannica showed the most effective virus titration decrease, whereas its hemolytic and hepatotoxicity values were the most significantly different compared to the control. Despite the high concentration of phytochemicals detected in F. suspensa, the extract showed approximately 1 Log TCID50/25 µL at the highest concentration. CONCLUSION: B. juncea may show antiviral effects against H1N1 in a host. In addition, B. juncea may also show decreased disadvantages compared to other antiviral agents.
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Antivirais/farmacologia , Forsythia/química , Inula/química , Mostardeira/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Antivirais/química , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Influenza Humana/virologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/efeitos adversos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Hydroponic ginseng (HPG) has been known to have various bio-functionalities, including an antioxidant effect. Recently, fermentation by lactic acid bacteria has been studied to enhance bio-functional activities in plants by biologically converting their chemical compounds. HPG roots and shoots were fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM 12010P isolated from kimchi. The total phenolic compounds, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effects of these fermented samples were evaluated in comparison with non-fermented samples (control). During 24 h fermentation of HPG roots and shoots, the viable number of cells increased to 7.50 Log colony forming unit (CFU)/mL. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fermented HPG roots increased by 107.19% and 645.59%, respectively, compared to non-fermented HPG roots. The antioxidant activity of fermented HPG, as assessed by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ß-carotene-linoleic, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, was also significantly enhanced. In an anti-inflammatory effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the nitric oxide content and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased when treated with fermented samples. Simultaneously, lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte was reduced when treated with fermented HPG. Fermentation by L. mesenteroides showed improved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic HPG effects. These results show that fermented HPG has potential for applications in the functional food industry.
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Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fermentação , Leuconostoc mesenteroides , Panax/química , Panax/microbiologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Flavonoides/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Polifenóis , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate quality characteristics of cured pork loin with natural nitrite source from Swiss chard. METHODS: Pork loin was cured in the brine and the ratio of water and fermented Swiss chard (FSC) solution in the brine was changed by 4:0 (Control), 3:1 (T1), 1:1 (T2), 1:3 (T3), 0:4 (T4) and pickled samples with 0.012% nitrite (PC) and nitrite free brine (NC) were considered as the control. RESULTS: The pH values of cured pork loins with FSC were decreased with increasing addition level of FSC. Cooking loss was not significantly different among all treatments. T4 had the lowest value in moisture content and lightness value and the highest value in curing efficiency. The redness value of T4 was not significantly different from that of PC in raw. After cooking, however, it was higher than that of PC. The yellowness value of cured pork loin added with FSC was increased with increasing level of FSC. Volatile basic nitrogen content of cured pork loin added with FSC was higher than PC and NC. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value of cured pork loin added with FSC was decreased with increasing FSC level. Residual nitrite level and shear force were increased with increasing FSC level. In the sensory evaluation, sensory score for flavor, off-flavor, hardness, chewiness, juiciness, and overall acceptability were not significantly different among all treatments. However, sensory score for color was increased when the concentration of FSC added to pork loin was increased. CONCLUSION: Fermented Swiss chard solution had a positive effect on redness, lipid oxidation. Although there were shown in protein decomposition and sensory, Swiss chard can be replaced sodium nitrite as natural curing agent.
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This study aimed to isolate and demonstrate their antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of potential probiotics. The isolated strains, S. Pum19, SC28, and SC61 showed potential probiotic properties including stability in artificial gastric and bile conditions, non-production of ß-glucuronidase, suitable antibiotic susceptibility, and attachment to intestinal cells. S. Pum19, SC28, and SC61 strains were identified as Leuconostoc citreum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus paraplantarum, respectively. Of the 3 potential probiotic LAB strains, intact cells of L. paraplantarum SC61 showed higher antioxidant activity, including DPPH radical scavenging, ß-carotene bleaching inhibition, reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, and ABTS radical scavenging activity. In addition, L. paraplantarum SC61 produced the most nitric oxide production and its mRNA expression level for iNOS, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were superior to those of L. rhamnosus GG. Therefore, L. paraplantarum SC61 was demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant and immunostimulatory activity and to have potential use as a probiotic product.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Fatores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , Probióticos/farmacologia , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Coreia (Geográfico) , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Picratos/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effect of dairy products milk (M) and yogurt (Y) after the addition of 2% red ginseng extract to milk (RM) and to yogurt (RY). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and total radical trapping antioxidant potential were determined in the samples. Furthermore, antigenotoxic effect of samples was measured, using comet assay in human leukocytes. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of RM [38.3 ± 0.8 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g, 23.6 ± 0.1 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g] and RY (41.1 ± 0.9 mg of GAE/100 g, 18.7 ± 0.1 mg of QE/100 g), respectively, were higher than those of M (6.31 ± 0.2 mg of GAE/100 g, 10.4 ± 0.1 mg of QE/100 g) and Y (8.1 ± 0.9 mg of GAE/100 g, 8.4 ± 0.2 mg of QE/100 g), respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity values increased significantly after the addition of 2% red ginseng in both. Additionally, the total radical trapping antioxidant potential in RM (787.7 ± 7.0 µg/mL) was lower than in M (2074.0 ± 28.4 µg/mL). The H2O2-induced DNA damage in RY (0.1 ± 0.0 mg/mL) was less than the damage in Y (0.4 ± 0.0 mg/mL), but we found no significant difference between M and RM. This study indicates that supplementation with red ginseng can fortify the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of dairy products effectively.
Assuntos
Laticínios/análise , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Panax/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio Cometa , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismoRESUMO
Whey proteins possess antioxidant properties, and probiotics have various health-promoting effects. We investigated the effects of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) and probiotics in rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by iron-overload diet (IOL). Rats were divided into control (CTRL), IOL (0.2% ferrous sulphate), WPH (10%), probiotic (PB) mixture (Lactococcus lactis NK34 and B. polyfermenticus SCD), and WPH + PB group for 6 weeks. Average leukocytes and colonocytes tail moments were increased in IOL compared to CTRL but decreased in other groups. Conjugated diene was lower in WPH, PB, and WPH + PB than in IOL. Only WPH + PB group could recover glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels. SOD levels were recovered by WPH and PB. PB and WPH + PB increased α-tocopherol and only WPH + PB increased γ-tocopherol. Thus, our data demonstrated that WPH and PB exhibit antioxidant properties in a rat model of high-iron diet-induced oxidative stress and combination of them may provide an enhanced effect.