The Rationale for "Laser-Induced Thermal Therapy (LITT) and Intratumoral Cisplatin" Approach for Cancer Treatment.

Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs in the treatment of various types of solid human cancers, as well as germ cell tumors, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Strong evidence from research has demonstrated higher efficacy of a combination of cisplatin and derivatives, together with hyperthermia and light, in overcoming drug resistance and improving tumoricidal efficacy. It is well known that the antioncogenic potential of CDDP is markedly enhanced by hyperthermia compared to drug treatment alone. However, more recently, accelerators of high energy particles, such as synchrotrons, have been used to produce powerful and monochromatizable radiation to induce an Auger electron cascade in cis-platinum molecules. This is the concept that makes photoactivation of cis-platinum theoretically possible. Both heat and light increase cisplatin anticancer activity via multiple mechanisms, generating DNA lesions by interacting with purine bases in DNA followed by activation of several signal transduction pathways which finally lead to apoptosis. For the past twenty-seven years, our group has developed infrared photo-thermal activation of cisplatin for cancer treatment from bench to bedside. The future development of photoactivatable prodrugs of platinum-based agents injected intratumorally will increase selectivity, lower toxicity and increase efficacy of this important class of antitumor drugs, particularly when treating tumors accessible to laser-based fiber-optic devices, as in head and neck cancer. In this article, the mechanistic rationale of combined intratumor injections of cisplatin and laser-induced thermal therapy (CDDP-LITT) and the clinical application of such minimally invasive treatment for cancer are reviewed.

Parotidectomy and neck dissection in locally advanced and relapsed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic factors to developing parotid and neck metastasis in locally advanced and relapsed Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CSCC) of the head and neck region. METHODS: Single-center retrospective cohort study enrolling consecutive patients with advanced CSCC from 2009 to 2019. Seventy-four cases were identified. Study variables demographic data, clinical skin tumor stage, neck stage, parotid stage (P stage), surgical treatment features, and parotid, regional, and distant metastases. Survival measures: Overall Survival (OS) and Disease-Specific Survival (DSS). RESULTS: The study group included 72.9% men (median age, 67 years); 67.5% showed T2/T3 tumors, 90.5% comorbidities, 20.2% immunosuppressed, with median follow-up: 35.8 months. The most frequent skin primary were auricular and eyelid regions, 75% underwent primary resection with flap reconstruction. Parotid metastasis was present in 50%, 32.4% showing parotid extracapsular spread, multivariate analysis found OR = 37.6 of positive parotid metastasis evolving into positive neck metastasis, p = 0.001. Occult neck metastasis, neck metastasis, and neck extracapsular spread were observed in 13.5%, 51.3%, and 37.8%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival: Clinical T4 versus T1, p = 0.028, P1 stage: 30% and 5% survival at 5 and 10 years, P3 stage: 0%, p = 0.016; OS and DSS showed negative survival for the parotid metastasis group, p = 0.0283. CONCLUSION: Our outcomes support a surgically aggressive approach for locally advanced and relapsed CSCC, with partial parotidectomy for P0, total parotidectomy for P1-3, selective I-III neck dissection for all patients and adjuvant radiochemotherapy to appropriately treat these patients with advanced CSCC of the head and neck region. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II b - Retrospective Cohort Study - Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM).

Parotidectomy and neck dissection in locally advanced and relapsed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region,,

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors to developing parotid and neck metastasis in locally advanced and relapsed Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CSCC) of the head and neck region. Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study enrolling consecutive patients with advanced CSCC from 2009 to 2019. Seventy-four cases were identified. Study variables demographic data, clinical skin tumor stage, neck stage, parotid stage (P stage), surgical treatment features, and parotid, regional, and distant metastases. Survival measures: Overall Survival (OS) and Disease-Specific Survival (DSS). Results: The study group included 72.9% men (median age, 67 years); 67.5% showed T2/T3 tumors, 90.5% comorbidities, 20.2% immunosuppressed, with median follow-up: 35.8 months. The most frequent skin primary were auricular and eyelid regions, 75% underwent primary resection with flap reconstruction. Parotid metastasis was present in 50%, 32.4% showing parotid extracapsular spread, multivariate analysis found OR = 37.6 of positive parotid metastasis evolving into positive neck metastasis, p = 0.001. Occult neck metastasis, neck metastasis, and neck extracapsular spread were observed in 13.5%, 51.3%, and 37.8%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival: Clinical T4 versus T1, p = 0.028, P1 stage: 30% and 5% survival at 5 and 10 years, P3 stage: 0%, p = 0.016; OS and DSS showed negative survival for the parotid metastasis group, p = 0.0283. Conclusion: Our outcomes support a surgically aggressive approach for locally advanced and relapsed CSCC, with partial parotidectomy for P0, total parotidectomy for P1-3, selective I-III neck dissection for all patients and adjuvant radiochemotherapy to appropriately treat these patients with advanced CSCC of the head and neck region. Level of evidence: II b - Retrospective Cohort Study - Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM).

Timpanoplastia com plugue de cartilagem na infância / Plug cartilage tympanoplasty in children

O tratamento das perfurações da membrana timpânica na população pediátrica com seqüelas de Otite Média Crônica representa um desafio ao Otorrinolaringologista. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e audiométricos da técnica "inlay" com colocação de plugue de cartilagem do trago. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 23 pacientes (idade 1-15 anos) submetidos à timpanoplastia com plugue. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. RESULTADOS: A taxa de sucesso de fechamento foi de 82,6 por cento, com melhora dos parâmetros audiométricos em 87,5 por cento dos pacientes. As complicações foram mínimas. CONCLUSÃO: Em face dos resultados obtidos, este método de timpanoplastia deve ser considerado uma boa opção para o tratamento das perfurações da membrana timpânica na infância.

The treatment of tympanic membrane perforations in the pediatric population with sequelae of chronic otitis media represents a challenge to otolaryngologists. AIM: to assess the clinical and audiometric results of the inlay technique with a tragus cartilage plug. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we assessed 23 patients (ages between 1 and 15 years) who underwent plug tympanoplasty. Study design: clinical retrospective. RESULTS: repair success rate was of 82.6 percent, with audiometric parameters improvement in 87.5 percent of the patients. Complications were minimum. CONCLUSION: considering the results attained, this method of tympanoplasty should be considered a good treatment option for tympanic membrane perforation in children.

Reabordagem cirúrgica do nível VI para carcinoma de tiroide: experiência de um hospital universitário / Reoperation of the level VI for thyroid carcinomas: our experience

Introdução: A neoplasia de tiroide é a segunda neoplasiaendócrina maligna mais comum, sendo o carcinoma papilíferode tiroide o mais comum. Esses tumores costumam cursar commetástases linfonodais em 30 a 80% dos casos, havendo recidivascervicais em 5 a 15% dos pacientes. Nos casos de recidivas, areabordagem costuma ser necessária, aumentando a morbidadedesses pacientes. Objetivo: mostrar a experiência de nossoserviço nos casos de reabordagem do nível VI e descrever suascomplicações. Método: Estudo retrospectivo a partir da análisede prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à reabordagem do nívelVI entre abril de 2007 e abril de 2009. Todos os pacientes forampreviamente tratados com tiroidectomia total, sem abordagemdo nível VI. Pacientes: Foram 10 operações em 10 pacientes,com predominância do sexo feminino, 9:1, com idade média de48,3 anos. O seguimento médio dos pacientes foi de 8,1 meses.Resultados: O tempo médio de recidiva foi de 6,9 anos. A taxade complicações foi de 20%, com 2 casos com hipoparatiroidismodefinitivo, 1 caso com paralisia do nervo laríngeo, e nesse mesmopaciente, necessidade de sacrifício do laríngeo por invasãotumoral. Conclusão: A reabordagem do nível VI é uma cirurgiaque implica uma maior morbidade pelo risco aumentado dehipoparatiroidismo e lesão de nervo laríngeo inferior. No entanto,ela é passível de ser realizada nos casos indicados, sempre porum cirurgião experiente, para minimizar esses riscos.

Introduction: The thyroid neoplasms corresponds to the secondmost common endocrine tumors, while the papillary carcinoma isthe most common type. This tumors tend to have cervical metastasisin 30 to 80 % of the cases, with local reccurrence or persistencein about 5 to 15 % of the patients. In this cases, a new surgeryis necessary, wich implicates in higher complications. Objective:Describe the experience of our hospital in reoperation of the levelVI as well as it?s complications. Method: Retrospective studywith review of the pronctuaries of patients who were submitted toreoperation of the level VI between april of 2007 and april of 2009.All patients had been previous treated with total thiroidectomywithout dissection of the level VI. Patients: It was performed 10surgeries in 10 patients, being 9 females and 1 male. Average agewas 48,3 years, with average follow up of 8,1 months. Results: Themean time of reccurrence was 6,9 years. Our complications rateswere 20% of definitive hypoparathyroidism (2 cases) and 20% oflaryngeal nerve paralysis ( 2 cases). Conclusion: Reoperation ofthe level VI is a surgery with a higher risk of complications, suchas definitive hypoparathyroidism and/or laryngeal nerve paralysis.However, it?s still the current treatment for tumor reccurrence,and need to be performed by a experienced surgeon in order tominimize the risk.