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1.
Laryngorhinootologie ; 100(7): 517-525, 2021 07.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34010974

RESUMO

Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, swabs or other samples have increasingly been taken from the upper aero-digestive tract, since high viral loads exist here, especially in the early stages of the disease. As diagnostic options, swabs from the anterior nose, from the nasopharynx, from the oropharynx or the extraction of throat rinse water or saliva are possible. The laboratory methods available are antigen tests that can be read in a few minutes or more lengthy RT-PCR methods in a lab. Swabs are carried out by physicians, medical staff, laypeople and in the self-test, in each case according to prior instructions. Many of these factors therefore have an influence on the informative value and the sensitivity of the entire diagnostic process. The PCR laboratory method is more sensitive than the antigen method; the swabs from the nasopharynx are considered the most valid smear site; correct execution of a test can be achieved even with non-professional individuals with good instructions. Complications with such swabs are reported very rarely, given the assumed number of procedures performed. Short-term nosebleeds after traumatic smears can be assumed without publications about it being found. Broken parts of swabs had to be removed by an ENT doctor. There are only very few reports on injuries to the skullbase with CSF-leaks, including 2 times with anomalies such as meningoceles. The choice of a suitable diagnostic medium depends on many parameters such as availability, the timing of the result, a smear test by knowledgeable staff or a self-test, and a number of other practical considerations.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Nasofaringe , Orofaringe , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Teste para COVID-19 , Humanos , Nasofaringe/virologia , Orofaringe/virologia , Pandemias
2.
Notf Rett Med ; 24(2): 150-153, 2021.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32837300

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The corona pandemic is currently the greatest challenge for health systems of all countries worldwide. The timely detection of the disease and the immediate separation and isolation of suspected cases make a significant contribution to breaking the chain of infection. METHODS: Based on the first 35 patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19, we evaluated the various symptoms with which patients presented. RESULTS: The majority of patients have respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough and reduced peripheral oxygen saturation) and fever. In individual patients, however, there may only be other symptoms, e.g., gastrointestinal, neurological, or nonspecific symptoms.

3.
Anaesthesist ; 69(6): 421-431, 2020 06.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32303783

RESUMO

Severe pulmonary impairment can occur after traumatic brain injury or stroke. The resulting brain-lung interactions represent key points for the treatment and the subsequent outcome of the patient. Established treatment approaches, such as permissive hypercapnia and prone positioning, present the intensive care physician with divergent treatment goals in these patients with partially increased intracranial pressure. This case report series shows the instrument-based and noninstrument-based options for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the simultaneous presence of intracranial pathologies. This includes equipment based therapies using extracorporeal CO2 elimination, special positioning maneuvers in specially designed hospital beds and positional maneuvers, such as prone positioning. With enhanced neuromonitoring it is possible to optimally adapt treatment measures focused on the lungs early and before secondary damage to the brain.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas/terapia , Circulação Extracorpórea/métodos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/complicações , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Adulto , Edema Encefálico , Cuidados Críticos , Descarboxilação/fisiologia , Circulação Extracorpórea/instrumentação , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Pulmão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Posicionamento do Paciente , Decúbito Ventral/fisiologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/fisiopatologia
4.
Epidemiol Infect ; 147: e218, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31364546

RESUMO

Childhood morbidity and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases are high, particularly in low-income countries and noroviruses and sapoviruses are among the most frequent causes worldwide. Their epidemiology and diversity remain not well studied in many African countries. To assess the positivity rate and the diversity of sapoviruses and noroviruses in Northwest Ethiopia, during November 2015 and April 2016, a total of 450 faecal samples were collected from outpatient children aged <5 years who presented with diarrhoea. Samples were screened for noroviruses and sapoviruses by real-time RT-PCR. Partial VP1 genes were sequenced, genotyped and phylogenetically analysed. Norovirus and sapovirus stool positivity rate was 13.3% and 10.0%, respectively. Noroviruses included GII.4 (35%), GII.6 (20%), GII.17 (13.3%), GII.10 (10%), GII.2 (6.7%), GII.16 (5%), GII.7 (3.3%), GII.9, GII.13, GII.20 and GI.3 (1.7% each) strains. For sapoviruses, GI.1, GII.1 (20.0% each), GII.6 (13.3%), GI.2 (8.9%), GII.2 (11.1%), GV.1 (8.9%), GIV.1 (6.7%), GI.3 and GII.4 (2.2% each) genotypes were detected. This study demonstrates a high genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in Northwest Ethiopia. The positivity rate in stool samples from young children with diarrhoea was high for both caliciviruses. Continued monitoring is recommended to identify trends in genetic diversity and seasonal variations.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Norovirus/genética , Sapovirus/genética , Infecções por Caliciviridae/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Países em Desenvolvimento , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/genética , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Pacientes Ambulatoriais/estatística & dados numéricos , Filogenia , Saúde Pública , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Sapovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , Análise de Sobrevida
5.
Z Gastroenterol ; 53(4): 306-19, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25860581

RESUMO

In patients with diabetes mellitus, abdominal ultrasonography is the appropriate diagnostic technique to detect and to follow-up secondary and accompanying diseases of the liver, the kidneys, the pancreas, the gastrointestinal tract and of abdominal vessels. Moreover, pancreatic and hepatic diseases may be realized which are of etiological importance for diabetes mellitus. Based on a systematic survey of the published literature, this review in 3 parts will describe the value of abdominal ultrasonography in patients with diabetes mellitus. Part 1 deals with the diagnostic relevance and particular findings of ultrasonographic methods in hepatic manifestations and complications of diabetes mellitus.


Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes/diagnóstico por imagem , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatopatias/etiologia , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Abdome/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Posicionamento do Paciente/métodos
6.
J Fish Biol ; 79(1): 53-69, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21722110

RESUMO

In this study, carp Cyprinus carpio were injected with various steroid compounds, including synthetic and natural progestogens and the glucocorticoid cortisol, to investigate effects on leucocytes isolated from their kidneys. Injection of cortisol led to an increased spleeno-somatic index (I(S)) on day 21 post-injection (pi) and immunosuppressive effects measured as decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased arginase activity in isolated leucocytes on days 14 and 21 pi, respectively. Moreover, reduced NO production was also observed after injection of the synthetic progestogens, levonorgestrel (LEV) and medroxyprogesterone acetate. In addition, LEV influenced arginase activity in head kidney cells on day 14 and day 21 pi. This study is the first demonstration in fishes that the application of these steroid compounds in vivo affects NO production and arginase activity of isolated leucocytes.


Assuntos
Arginase/metabolismo , Carpas/imunologia , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Leucócitos/imunologia , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Progestinas/farmacologia , Animais , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Levanogestrel/farmacologia , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia
7.
J Equine Vet Sci ; 101: 103452, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33993927

RESUMO

Soaking hay before feeding has been documented to reduce airborn respirable particles and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content which may have positive benefits for horses suffering from Equine Asthma (EA) or Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). Prolonged soaking also leaches minerals, but to-date no measurement of the loss of small intestine digestible crude protein has been documented. One aim of this study was to investigate various soaking durations on nutrient contents of hay, WSC, macronutrients, and trace elements levels. Another objective was to determine the prececal digestible crude protein (pcd CP) and amino acid (pcd AA) fraction contents and prececal digestibility (pcD). Four different batches of meadow hay were soaked in water (20° C during preparation) for 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 12 hours and drained for 20 minutes. A 15 minutes soaking duration significantly reduced the levels of nearly all investigated nutrients (e.g. for fructans, and WSC, macronutrients and trace elements). However, the crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin content increased. Metabolizable energy (ME) contents decreased by 5-15 %, pcd CP and pcd AA fell by 35 %, and the pcD declined by up to 49 %. In contrast, the pcD was 56 % before soaking. Longer soaking durations did not enhance the wash-out effect. Horse owners should be aware that soaking hay, regardless of reason, may negatively alter the nutritional value. The wide range of wash-out effects may pose risks in calculating the correct dry matter portion to prevent weight loss and maintain ME, pcd CP and pcd AA requirements, especially for horses with EMS and EA.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Oligoelementos , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Carboidratos , Cavalos , Nutrientes
8.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 17798, 2021 09 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34493765

RESUMO

There is increasing evidence of cardiac involvement post-SARS-CoV-2 infections in symptomatic as well as in oligo- and asymptomatic athletes. This study aimed to characterize the possible early effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections on myocardial morphology and cardiopulmonary function in athletes. Eight male elite handball players (27 ± 3.5 y) with past SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with four uninfected teammates (22 ± 2.6 y). Infected athletes were examined 19 ± 7 days after the first positive PCR test. Echocardiographic assessment of the global longitudinal strain under resting conditions was not significantly changed (- 17.7% vs. - 18.1%). However, magnetic resonance imaging showed minor signs of acute inflammation/oedema in all infected athletes (T2-mapping: + 4.1 ms, p = 0.034) without reaching the Lake-Louis criteria. Spiroergometric analysis showed a significant reduction in VO2max (- 292 ml/min, - 7.0%), oxygen pulse (- 2.4 ml/beat, - 10.4%), and respiratory minute volume (VE) (- 18.9 l/min, - 13.8%) in athletes with a history of SARS-CoV2 infection (p < 0.05, respectively). The parameters were unchanged in the uninfected teammates. SARS-CoV2 infection caused impairment of cardiopulmonary performance during physical effort in elite athletes. It seems reasonable to screen athletes after SARS-CoV2 infection with spiroergometry to identify performance limitations and to guide the return to competition.


Assuntos
Atletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Desempenho Atlético/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Coração/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Infecções Assintomáticas , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virologia , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/estatística & dados numéricos , Ecocardiografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Teste de Esforço/estatística & dados numéricos , Alemanha , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Espirometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
9.
J Clin Microbiol ; 47(11): 3569-76, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19741083

RESUMO

A rare G8P[4] rotavirus, designated GER1H-09, was detected in a stool sample from an infant suffering from repeated episodes of emesis for 2 days without diarrhea. Sequencing of all genomic RNA segments was performed, and complete coding sequences were determined. The VP7 amino acid sequence revealed a close phylogenetic relationship to human G8P[6] and G8P[8] isolates from Slovenia and Africa. GER1H-09 shared typical amino acid residues within variable regions VR3 to VR7 with those strains, and their subclassification as lineage G8-II rotaviruses is proposed. The variability in VR3 was identified as the likely reason for the failure in genotyping G8-II rotaviruses by commonly used multiplex PCR. Furthermore, the sequences of associated structural and nonstructural proteins showed high amino acid identities to DS-1-like rotaviruses. The genotype composition of GER1H-09 (G8-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2) suggests the occurrence of reassortment events between G8 genotypes and human DS-1-like G2P[4] rotaviruses.


Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Rotavirus/classificação , Rotavirus/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antígenos Virais/genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Alemanha , Humanos , Lactente , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/fisiopatologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos
10.
Unfallchirurg ; 112(1): 73-5, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19011822

RESUMO

Mediastinal emphysema is usually seen in cases of blunt thoracic trauma or cervical injury accompanied by tracheobronchial or esophageal perforation. Characteristic of this injury is severe retrosternal pain. We present the case of a man with extensive mediastinal and cervical emphysema caused by a simple midfacial fracture and accompanied by no symptoms.


Assuntos
Fraturas Ósseas/complicações , Fraturas Ósseas/terapia , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/complicações , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/terapia , Enfisema Mediastínico/etiologia , Enfisema Mediastínico/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
11.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 25(1): 102-106, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29649603

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Rotavirus infections are common causes of infant hospitalization. The present study examined the effectiveness of anti-rotavirus vaccination in preventing rotavirus-related hospitalizations in Germany, following its state and nationwide introductions in 2008 and 2013, respectively. METHODS: During 15 consecutive seasons 9557 stool samples of hospitalized children of 5 years and younger with acute gastroenteritis were screened for rotavirus A. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were assessed after vaccine introduction. Vaccine effectiveness was determined by comparison of rotavirus incidence in pre-vaccine and post-vaccine cohorts. The herd effect was calculated as the difference between the observed reduction of rotavirus-related hospitalizations and the expected direct vaccine effect. RESULTS: The number of rotavirus-related hospitalizations declined after vaccine introduction. Approximately 26% (503/1955) of prevented cases could be attributed to the herd effect. Human rotaviruses of genotypes G3P[8], G1P[8], G9P[8], G4P[8], G2P[4] and G12P[8] were most frequent. Uncommon genotypes remained rare. The direct, indirect, total and overall vaccine effectiveness was 86% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83.2-89.1%), 48% (95% CI 42.8-52.6%), 93% (95% CI 91.3-94.3%) and 69% (95% CI 66.5-72.0%), respectively. There was no significant difference in vaccine-type or in genotype-specific vaccine effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-rotavirus vaccination efficiently reduced rotavirus-related hospitalizations in Germany in the past decade. The vaccines analysed in this article provide a broadly heterologous and long-lasting protection. The herd effect substantially contributed to the observed drop in the number of incidences of severe rotavirus infections. Presumably, constant high vaccine coverage will lead to a continued upward trend in the overall vaccine efficiency.


Assuntos
Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunidade Coletiva , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Rotavirus , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/imunologia , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/uso terapêutico
12.
Vaccine ; 37(43): 6550-6557, 2019 10 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31521415

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The impact of annual influenza epidemics and prevailing strains varies worldwide and regional. The majority of vaccines used contained two influenza A strains and only one influenza B strain (trivalent vaccine). AIM: The aim of the study was to compare laboratory confirmed influenza B cases during three consecutive years with respect to vaccination history, clinical symptoms and molecular virology. METHODS: Partial HA gene sequences were analyzed for lineage determination and complete HA sequence in cases with reported vaccination and in fatal cases. Clinical data were retrieved from patient charts. FINDINGS: During the 2015/16 season, 75 influenza B cases were retrieved; 11 in 2016/17, and 274 in 2017/18. The frequency of Yamagata-lineage strains increased from 7.6% to 100%. No difference was detected in the relative frequency of co-morbidities in season 2017/18. 37.7% of the adult patients and 4.5% of pediatric patients were vaccinated against influenza. INTERPRETATION: Phylogenetically, Yamagata strains clustered similarly in 2017/2018 when compared to the previous two influenza seasons. While the relative frequency of influenza B cases differed, the clinical symptoms remained similar. CONCLUSION: World Health Organization recommendations for the use of tetravalent vaccines that contain two influenza B strains (Yamagata and Victoria) in addition to the two influenza A strains (H1N1 and H3N2) should be implemented in national vaccination guidelines. FUNDING: This research was partially supported by the Association of Sponsors and Friends of Leipzig University.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza B/genética , Vírus da Influenza B/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Influenza Humana/etiologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Estações do Ano , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) ; 92(4): 511-8, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18662361

RESUMO

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to access the effect of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on the performance, concentration of plasma glucose, cortisol and blood characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Seven feeds formulated to contain 36% protein and 20 kJ g(-1) gross energy (dry matter basis), were prepared by replacing fish meal with magmeal. Fifteen fingerlings (initial average weight 2.0 +/- 0.1 g) stocked per experimental tank were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight in two portions per day (a level previously established). Growth and food conversion ratio were adequate and comparable without any significant differences (p < 0.5) between feeding groups. Mean values for haematocrit and plasma glucose were not significantly different (p < 0.05) among the feeding groups. Fish group fed control diet (containing highest inclusion level of fish meal and without magmeal) gave the lowest haemoglobin concentration (5.96 +/- 0.22 g dl(-1)). This value was significantly different from other feeding groups. Stressful conditions in fish and in mammals are associated with decreased growth, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin values, increased whole blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) and plasma cortisol concentrations. No such physiological changes were observed in this study. Results suggest that feeding O. niloticus fingerling with magmeal diets did not cause any form of physiological stress. Magmeal can be used as a good alternative protein source in tilapia diets.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Ciclídeos/sangue , Ciclídeos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta , Moscas Domésticas , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Hematócrito/veterinária , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Larva , Distribuição Aleatória
14.
Endocrinology ; 148(4): 1921-7, 2007 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17204552

RESUMO

Sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of many endogenous compounds that include monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA), and thyroid hormones (iodothyronines). Decarboxylation of iodothyronines results in formation of thyronamines. In the mouse, thyronamines act rapidly in a nongenomic fashion to initiate hypothermia and decrease cardiac output and heart rate. These effects are attenuated after 1-4 h, and metabolism of thyronamines via sulfation may be a mechanism for termination of thyronamine action. We carried out this study to test thyronamine (T0AM), 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), 3,5-diiodothyronamine (T2AM), and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronamine (T3AM) as substrates for human liver and cDNA-expressed SULT activities. We characterized several biochemical properties of SULTs using the thyronamines that acted as substrates for SULT activities in a human liver high-speed supernatant pool (n=3). T1AM led to the highest SULT activity. Activities with T0AM and T3AM were 10-fold lower, and there was no detectable activity with T2AM. Thyronamines were then tested as substrates with eight cDNA-expressed SULTs (1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1C2, 1E1, 2A1, 2B1a, and 2B1b). Expressed SULT1A3 had the greatest activity with T0AM, T1AM, and T3AM, whereas SULT1A1 showed similar activity only with T3AM. Expressed SULT1E1 had low activity with each substrate. T1AM, the most active thyronamine pharmacologically, was associated with the greatest SULT activity of the thyronamines tested in the liver pool and in both the expressed SULT1A3 and SULT1E1 preparations. Our results support the conclusion that sulfation contributes to the metabolism of thyronamines in human liver and that SULT activities may regulate the physiological effects of endogenous thyronamines.


Assuntos
Fígado/enzimologia , Sulfotransferases/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Células COS , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/enzimologia , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Concentração Osmolar , Tironinas/metabolismo , Transfecção
15.
Sci Total Environ ; 357(1-3): 169-75, 2006 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15885750

RESUMO

Dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) is dead organic matter exceeding, in freshwater systems, the concentration of organic carbon in all living organisms by far. 80-90% (w/w) of the NOM is made up of humic substances (HS). Although NOM possesses several functional groups, a potential effect on aquatic organisms has not been studied. In this study, direct effects of NOM from various origins on physiological and biochemical functions in the aquatic plant Ceratophyllum demersum are presented. Environmentally relevant concentrations of NOM cause inhibitory effects on the photosynthetic oxygen production of C. demersum. Various NOM sources and the synthetic humic substance HS1500 inhibit the photosynthetic oxygen production of the plant as observed with 1-amino-anthraquinone, a known inhibitor of plant photosynthesis. 1-Aminoanthraquinone may serve as an analogue for the quinoid structures in NOM and HS. Most likely, the effects of NOM may be related to quinoid structures and work downstream of photosynthesis at photosystem (PS) II.


Assuntos
Substâncias Húmicas , Magnoliopsida/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Transporte de Elétrons , Fotossíntese , Tilacoides/metabolismo
16.
Cytogenet Genome Res ; 105(1): 126-33, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15218268

RESUMO

Nasonia vitripennis is a small parasitic hymenopteran with a 50-year history of genetic work including linkage mapping with mutant and molecular markers. For the first time we are now able to anchor linkage groups to specific chromosomes. Two linkage maps based on a hybrid cross (N. vitripennis x N. longicornis) were constructed using STS, RAPD and microsatellite markers, where 17 of the linked STS markers were developed from single microdissected banded chromosomes. Based on these microdissections we anchored all linkage groups to the five chromosomes of N. vitripennis. We also verified the chromosomal specificity of the microdissection through in situ hybridization and linkage analyses. This information and technique will allow us in the future to locate genes or QTL detected in different mapping populations efficiently and fast on homologous chromosomes or even chromosomal regions. To test this approach we asked whether QTL responsible for the wing size in two different hybrid crosses (N. vitripennis x N. longicornis and N. vitripennis x N.giraulti) map to the same location. One QTL with a major effect was found to map to the centromere region of chromosome 3 in both crosses. This could indicate that indeed the same gene/s is involved in the reduction of wing in N. vitripennis and N. longicornis.


Assuntos
Ligação Genética , Himenópteros/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cruzamentos Genéticos , DNA Satélite/genética , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Asas de Animais
17.
Photochem Photobiol ; 50(3): 419-23, 1989 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2506587

RESUMO

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant tumours may involve the interruption of tumor and peritumor microcirculation. We have studied the effect of light activation of the photosensitizing drug dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) on rat subcutaneous arterioles and the modulation of these effects by cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA). Animals received DHE 48 h prior to light activation and additionally either indomethacin, ASA or saline 3 h prior to treatment. Light activation (630 nm, 60 J/cm2) resulted in a significant reduction to 62 +/- 2% SEM of initial blood flow. This effect was inhibited by ASA (98 +/- 8% SEM) and indomethacin (87 +/- 8% SEM). Results from the administration of various doses of both compounds indicate that this inhibition is dose related. The data presented here show that PDT causes a significant reduction in blood flow in normal arterioles and that this effect was inhibited by ASA and indomethacin indicating that prostaglandins or thromboxane A2 may play an important role in the microvascular response to PDT.


Assuntos
Microcirculação , Fotoquimioterapia , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/fisiologia , Animais , Aspirina/farmacologia , Indometacina/farmacologia , Masculino , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos
18.
Am J Surg ; 155(6): 765-9, 1988 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3132052

RESUMO

Malignant ascites is an accumulation of protein rich fluid (a filtrate of whole blood) in the peritoneal cavity of patients with abdominal malignancies. The normal peritoneal microvasculature of the cremaster muscle of rats, with the nerve and blood supply intact, was visualized before and after exposure of the tissue to human malignant ascites fluid and to human plasma. In vivo fluorescent microscopy was used to quantitate leakage of fluorescent-tagged albumin. Exposure of the abluminal side of the vasculature to malignant ascitic fluid and plasma causes significant protein leakage from the small veins to the interstitial space. This suggests that the continued production of malignant ascites may be caused by a positive feedback system, which is related to factors present in a normal plasma filtrate. These factors can induce leakage of protein by an effect on the abluminal side of the normal peritoneal microvasculature.


Assuntos
Ascite/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Permeabilidade Capilar , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Animais , Líquido Ascítico/metabolismo , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Feminino , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Fluoresceínas , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Soluções Isotônicas , Masculino , Microcirculação/metabolismo , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Peritônio/irrigação sanguínea , Plasma/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Tiocianatos
19.
J Clin Virol ; 50(2): 136-41, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21074491

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce the impact of group A rotaviruses on human morbidity and mortality rely on oral immunisation with live attenuated or recombinant vaccines. A major challenge in immunisation is the vast inter- and intragenotypic diversity accomplished by circulating rotaviruses. OBJECTIVES: To monitor rotavirus inter- and intragenotypic diversity in hospitalised children. STUDY DESIGN: From January 2008 to December 2009 stool samples from 1994 paediatric in-patients suffering from diarrhoea were screened for rotavirus. Rotavirus G- and P-genotypes were determined by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Rotavirus A was detected in stool samples of 341 children, comprising G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], as well as uncommon G12P[6] genotypes and mixed infections. Predominant strains shifted from G1P[8] and G9P[8] genotypes in the first season to G3P[8] and G4P[8] genotypes in the second season. The highest intragenotypic diversity was detected in G1 strains and consisted of co-circulating G1-Ic, G1-Id, G1-Ie and G1-II rotaviruses. The G2 analysis revealed different intragenotypic lineages: G2-IIa, G2-IIb and G2-IIc. Interestingly, the circulating G4-Ib rotaviruses were characterised by insertions of 3 or 6 additional coding nucleotides within variable region 4 of VP7. Whereas different G9-III VP7 gene segments were detected G3-Ia sequences were highly homologous. In the VP4 analysis P[8]-III gene segment predominated over P[4]-Vb, P[8]-I, P[8]-IV and P[6]-I. CONCLUSIONS: A remarkable rotavirus heterogeneity was detected in the limited local setting and time span. Continued monitoring and nucleotide sequencing is necessary to document possible effects of rising immunisation levels on intragenotypic rotavirus diversity.


Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Variação Genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Rotavirus/classificação , Rotavirus/genética , Adolescente , Sequência de Bases , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Genes vif , Genótipo , Alemanha , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Rotavirus/imunologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sorotipagem
20.
J Chromatogr ; 613(1): 35-42, 1993 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8458900

RESUMO

A sensitive and reproducible method for the routine determination of amino acids in plasma and in protein hydrolysates based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and o-phthaldialdehyde pre-column derivatization is described. The resolution of all amino acids was found to be good. The total time for analysis, including separation and reconditioning, ranged from 38 min for protein hydrolysates to 62 min for 29 physiological amino acids. The precision of hydrolysate analysis was within a relative standard deviation of 0.8-7.3% depending on the use of internal or external standards. The relative standard deviations of peak areas for physiological amino acids (standard) ranged between 1.8 and 5.6%. The relative standard deviations of retention times were less than 0.5% for all amino acids. This method can be used for routine analysis. One single column with 4-microns end-capped C18 material was found to be sufficient for 400-500 successive runs.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Mercaptoetanol/química , Proteínas/química , o-Ftalaldeído/química , Aminoácidos/sangue , Humanos , Hidrólise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Fluorescência
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