[Antioxidant status evaluation in sportsmen using in their ration natural concentrated food products made by cryogenic technology].

The authors evaluated the level of products of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic component of antioxidant defense in 30 sportsmen (19-22 years) going in for boat racing at pre-competition period, after competition and during one month of subsequent planned training. At the same time, the authors assessed some indices of vitamin (А, Е, В1, В2) and mineral status of human organism (zinc, copper, iron). As the criteria of antioxidant defense status, catalase activity and ceruloplasmin level were detected in blood serum, content of products of lipid peroxidation was evaluated according to levels of malon dialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolites. To assess influence of food ration upon antioxidant defense in sportsmen, natural concentrated food products made by cryogenic technology were administrated to persons of the main group (n=15). The food products were administrated as powder in second course during organized diner. The food products were not given to persons in control group (n=15). First food product consisted of vegetable components and animal protein: cryopowders of rabbit meat, celery, onion, pumpkin, hips. Second food product consisted of cryopowders of red grape, topinambour, beet root and verdure of parsley. Both food products were given 10 grams during 15 days. Results showed before study 40% of sportsmen had high level of products of lipid peroxidation. It probably provided evidence about inadequacy of physical loads. These changes were detected against the background decreased content of vitamins А (10.0% persons), Е (40.0% persons), В2 (43.3% persons), В1 (100.0% persons), copper (30.0% persons) and iron (53.3 % persons). The preparation for sportive competitions led to augmentation of products of lipid peroxidation in control group. In persons of main group using the food products during pre-competition period, the increase of micronutrient saturation was noted; it probably positively influenced upon metabolic processes in human organism and prevented the augmentation of production of malon dialdehyde and nitric metabolites. The enzymatic component activity in control group did not change and was in the range of standard. Since the level of lipid peroxidation metabolites in blood serum in main group significantly decreased at the end of observation, but enzymatic component activity remained high (it provided evidence of higher antioxidant defense), the authors supposed aftereffect due to using in ration food products with elevated content of biologically active substances. Probably, sportsmen of main group more sufficiently endured planned physical loads. Obtained results provided evidence about availability of using food products made by cryogenic technology in ration of sportsmen of different kind of sport.

MinK-related peptide 1: A beta subunit for the HCN ion channel subunit family enhances expression and speeds activation.

The HCN family of ion channel subunits underlies the currents I(f) in heart and I(h) and I(q) in the nervous system. In the present study, we demonstrate that minK-related peptide 1 (MiRP1) is a beta subunit for the HCN family. As such, it enhances protein and current expression as well as accelerating the kinetics of activation. Because MiRP1 also functions as a beta subunit for the cardiac delayed rectifier I(Kr), these results suggest that this peptide may have the unique role of regulating both the inward and outward channels that underlie cardiac pacemaker activity. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.

NaF and mononucleotides as inhibitors of 3'-5'-exonuclease activity and stimulators of polymerase activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment.

It has been shown that, in the absence of dATP in the poly(dT).oligo(dA) template-primer complex, the rate of primer cleavage by the E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment equals 4% of polymerization rate, while in the presence of dATP it equals as much as 50-60%. NaF and NMP taken separately inhibit exonuclease cleavage of oligo(dA) both with and without dATP. The addition of NaF (5-10 mM) or NMP (5-20 mM) increases the absolute increment of polymerization rate 5-9-fold relative to the absolute decrement of the rate of nuclease hydrolysis of primer. This proves the assumption that not more than 10-20% of primer molecules, interacting with the exonuclease center of polymerase, are cleaved by the enzyme. Presumably, NaF and nucleotides disturb the coupling of the 3'-end of oligonucleotide primer to the exonuclease center of the enzyme. As the primers mostly form complexes with the polymerizing center, the reaction of polymerization is activated.

Interaction of dNTP, pyrophosphate and their analogs with the dNTP-binding sites of E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment and human DNA polymerase alpha.

The 3',5'-exonuclease center of the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I (FK) was selectively blocked by NaF. The latter was shown to forbid the binding of nucleotides and their analogs to the enzyme exonuclease center. In the presence of poly(dT).r(pA)10 template.primer complex and NaF, we observed AMP, ADP, ATP, PPi and dATP to be competitive inhibitors of the FK-catalyzed DNA polymerization. The interactions of the nucleotides with FK and human DNA polymerase alpha were compared to reveal similarity of binding to the DNA polymerizing centers. Structural components of dNTP and PPi playing key roles in forming complexes with pro- and eukaryotic DNA polymerases were identified.

[Modification of human DNA polymerase alpha by N-acetylimidazole]. / Modifikatsiia DNK-polimerazy alpha cheloveka N-atsetilimidazolom.

The modification of tyrosine residues of the human placenta DNA-polymerase alpha by N-acetylimidazole was investigated. The poly(dT)-template and the r(pA)10-primer a each added separately or simultaneously do not influence the rate of enzyme inactivation. In the presence of poly(dT)-r(pA)10 no effect of dCTP and dTTP (noncomplementary to template) and of dAMP and dADP (complementary to template) on the rate and the level of the enzyme inactivation was found. However dATP revealed practically complete protection. Orthophosphate, pyrophosphate each taken separately do not influence the rate of enzyme inactivation with this reagent. The presence of dADP with either ortho- or pyrophosphate, or dAMP with the one of these ligands leads to half protective action in comparison with dATP. Imidazolides of phosphonoacetic acid and 5'-adenylyl++ 1(phosphonoacetic acid) do not inactivate DNA-polymerase alpha from human placenta and the Klenov fragment of DNA-polymerase I from E. coli. All data obtained allow to suggest that the tyrosine residue in the dNTP binding site of DNA-polymerase reveals stacking with the nucleotide only if dNTP is complementary to the template.

[Interaction of dNTP-binding sites of human DNA polymerase alpha and The Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with nucleotides, pyrophosphate and their analogs]. / Vzaimodeistvie dNTP-sviazyvaiushchikh uchastkov DNK-polimerazy alpha cheloveka i fragmenta Klenova DNK-polimerazy I iz Escherichia coli s nukleotidami, pirofosfatom i ikh analogami.

AMP and NaF each taken separately were shown to activate DNA polymerization catalyzed by Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I by means of interaction of AMP or NaF with 3'----5'-exonuclease center of the enzyme. In the presence of NaF which is a selective inhibitor of 3'----5'-exonuclease center, AMP is an inhibitor of polymerization competitive with respect to dATP. Ki values and the pattern of inhibition with respect to dATP were determined for AMP, ADP, ATP, carboxymethylphosphonyl-5'-AMP, Pi, PPi, PPPi, methylenediphosphonic acid and its ethylated esters, phosphonoformic acid, phosphonoacetic acid and its ethylated esters as well as for some bicarbonic acids in the reactions of DNA polymerization catalyzed by Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I (in the presence of NaF) and DNA polymerase alpha from human placenta in the presence of poly(dT) template and r(pA)10 primer. All nucleotides and their analogs were found to be capable of competing with dATP for the active center of the enzyme. Most of the analogs of PPi and phosphonoacetic acid are inhibitors of Klenow fragment competitive with respect to dATP. Nowever these analogs display a mixed-type inhibition in the case of human DNA polymerase alpha. We postulated a similar mechanism of interaction for dNTP with both DNA-polymerases. It is suggested that each phosphate group of PPi makes equal contribution to the interaction with DNA polymerases and that the distance between the phosphate groups is important for this interaction. beta-phosphate of NTP or dNTP is suggested to make negligible contribution to the efficiency of the formation of enzyme complexes with dNTP. beta-phosphate is likely to be an essential point of PPi interaction with the active center of proteins during the cleavage of the alpha-beta-phosphodiester bond of dNTP in the reaction of DNA polymerization.

[Modification of tyrosine residues of the Klenow fragment of DNA-polymerase I from Escherichia coli by acetylimidazole]. / Modifikatsiia klenovskogo fragmenta DNK-polimerazy I iz Escherichia coli atsetilimidazolom po ostatkam tirozina.

The modification of tyrosine residues of DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment from E. coli by acetylimidazole has been investigated. This reagent was shown to inactivate both polymerization and 3',5'-exonuclease activities but with different velocity. The poly(dT)-template and r(pA)10-primer each added separately to the enzyme have no notable influence on the rate of enzyme inactivation. Simultaneous presence of both template and primer increases the rate of inactivation. In the presence of poly(dT).r(pA) 10 there is not effect of dCTP and dTTP (noncomplementary to the template) on the rate of inactivation of polymerization activity. However, dATP complementary to the template, provides a complete protection. A weak protective action is detected in the presence of dADP. Orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and dAMP each taken separately increase the rate and the level of the enzyme inactivation. dAMP together with either ortho- or pyrophosphate have the same protective action as ATP. All data obtained allow to suggest the functional significance for polymerization activity of tyrosine located in the dNTP binding site of DNA polymerase I.

[Maintenance stability of the pBR322 and pBR327 vector plasmids in Escherichia coli cells during multiple passages]. / Stabil'nost' podderzhaniia vektornykh plazmid pBR322 i pBR327 v kletkakh Escherichia coli pri mnozhestvennykh peresevakh.

Stability of pBR322 and pBR327 plasmids was studied. Plasmid-containing Escherichia coli strains were grown in liquid growth medium without selection pressure. Plasmid pBR327 was shown to be more stable in E. coli CSH54 cells than pBR322. Essential heterogenity of individual plasmid-containing clones was recognized by the maintenance stability of plasmid DNA. The indicated clones with high stability failed to be cured from pBR327 plasmid by means of acridine orange. High stability of plasmid maintenance and the failure to cure cells containing this plasmid are suggested to correlate with and to be essentially determined by the cell functions.

[Role of migration processes in oncologic epidemiology of Siberia and Far East]. / Rol' migratsionnykh protsessov v onkoépidemiologii Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka.

The paper presents the analysis of the cancer death rates among the population of a Norilsk industrial area and compares the rate and structure among newcomers and natives. The persons who long live in this area more frequently die of cancer diseases than migrants. They have high mortality rates for most sites (the stomach, esophagus, bowel, liver, pancreas). The migrants die younger and chiefly of tumors of respiratory organs, the skin, brain, and female genitals. The lower mortality rates in the newcomers are attributable to their departure to their former residence places.

[Urgent problems in the study of pyelonephritis in children]. / Nekotorye aktual'nye voprosy izucheniia pielonefrita u detei.

The literature data and own observations concerning the features of patho- and morphogenesis of pyelonephritis in children are presented. Particular attention is given to the importance of renal tissue and intrarenal blood vessels dysplasia in the genesis and development of pyelonephritis as well as to the pathogenetic role of inflammatory processes in urinary tract wall in obstructive uropathies. The importance of morphological studies in diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of pyelonephritis in children is emphasized.

[Sinus histiocytosis in the differential diagnosis of a lymph node lesion in children]. / Sinusnyi gistiotsitoz v differentsial'noi diagnostike porazhenii limfaticheskikh uzlov u detei.

Possibilities and difficulties of morphological differential diagnosis of sinus histiocytosis in children aged between 3 and 9 years are discussed on the basis of data from the literature and three own observations. It is important to verify correctly the involvement of lymph nodes in children for using an adequate treatment.

[Intravital morphological research in pediatrics]. / Prizhiznennye morfologicheskie issledovaniia v pediatrii.

On the basis of own and literature data the author analyses the importance and potential of morphological intravital studies of organs and tissues for the diagnosis, investigation of patho- and morphogenesis, prognosis and estimation of the efficacy of treatment of different diseases in children. Difficulties of verification of pathologic processes associated with anatomo-physiological peculiarities of a growing organism are also mentioned. The author provides grounds for usage of intravital morphological studies to assess the informative value of functional methods in examination of sick children.

[Liver biopsies in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired pathology of the hepatobiliary system in children]. / Biopsii pecheni v diagnostike vrozhdennoi i priobretennoi patologii gepatobiliarnoi sistemy u detei.

Analysis was made of the biopsy material from children with hepatobiliary pathology and the results are presented. Structural basis of fibrocholangiocystosis and mucoviscidosis is described. Specific hepatic lesion in lymphogranulomatosis was found to be very rare. The authors provide as with new information concerning liver morphometry for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, i. e. estimation of portal tract area and the proportional content of collagenous tissue in them.

[Pathomorphology of congenital liver fibrosis in children]. / Patomorfologiia vrozhdennogo fibroza pecheni u detei.

Pathomorphology of congenital liver fibrosis (CLF) was studied basing on histological evaluation of 42 primary and secondary liver biopsies obtained from 26 CLF children aged 1-13. CLF age-specific complications, their variants and incidence rate as well as morphogenesis are outlined, e. g. cholangiolitis and secondary cirrhosis which are not rare in 7-13-year-old children. Presented is CLF staging.

[Brain lesions in children under 2-years-old with perinatal encephalopathy and severe cerebral palsy]. / Porazhenie golovnogo mozga u detei pervykh 2 let zhizni s perinatal'noi éntsefalopatiei i tiazhelym techneiem detskogo tserebral'nogo paralicha.

The authors carried out clinical observations of 103 children with grave damages of the central nervous system. Twenty-five children died of intercurrent diseases. The results of pathomorphological examinations of the dead children's brain were compared with the clinical picture of grave forms of perinatal encephalopathy and infantile cerebral paralysis. Taking into consideration the pathological course of the pregnancy and labour in the children's mothers, the presence of the neurological symptoms since the very first days of the children's life, as well as the results of the pathomorphological examinations of the brain, one can conclude that it is a lingering inflammatory process (started as an intrauterine one in most children) that is the morphological base of these diseases.

[Collagen and fibronectin of the liver in children with congenital fibrosis, an extrahepatic portal circulation block and post-hepatitis cirrhosis (an immunohistochemical study)]. / Kollagen i fibronektinn v pecheni detei pri vrozhdennom fibroze, vnepechenochnoi blokade portal'nogo krovoobrashcheniia i postgepatitnom tsirroze (immunogistokhimicheskoe issledovanie).

Immunofluorescence techniques were used to examine the distribution of Types I, III, IV and V collagen and fibronectin in the liver biopsy specimens from children with congenital liver fibrosis (CLF), extrahepatic portal blood circulation block, and cirrhosis developed following viral hepatitis. Both common patterns and characteristic features of the development of sclerotic processes were established. The common feature is the development of periportal connective tissue (CT) fibrosis mainly at the expense of Types I, III and V collagen and the accumulation of Types I, III, IV, V collagen and fibronectin in the walls of sinusoids during their "collagenization". The distinctive characteristic of posthepatic cirrhosis is the location of fibronectin and Type IV collagen in fibrous CT. Characteristic of CLF is high fibronectin concentrations in the areas of CT neoplasms along the periphery of portal tracts.

[Characteristics of umbilical septicemia in premature infants]. / K kharakteristike pupochnogo sepsisa u nedonoshennykh detei

An analysis of 60 deaths of premature infants with umbilical sepsis revealed a number of peculiar features of this disease under current conditions: septicopyemia with a fatal outcome in the perinatal period in intrauterine infection, predominance of productive inflammation in the primary focus in infants with septicemia, the effect of acute respiratory diseases on clinico-morphological manifestations of sepsis and its complications, frequency of ulcerative lesions of the intestine against the background of antibiotic therapy.

[Determination of the fibrinolytic activity of renal tissue in children]. / Opredelenie fibrinoliticheskoi aktivnosti pochechnoi tkani u detei.

A method for the determination of the fibrinolytic activity of renal tissue obtained by puncture biopsy is suggested. Three cryostate sections are placed on slides, covered by a film of a mixture of bovine fibrinogen and thrombine in saline (in the control section plasminogen activator is pre-destroyed), placed in a thermostate at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, stained with Ehrlich hematoxylin and embedded in glycerol-gelatine. The fibrinolytic activity is evaluated by calculating the ratio expressing the ratio between the lysis surface and the surface of the kidney cortex section. The advantage of the method lies in the technical simplicity combined with the objective evaluation of the results.

[Characteristic features of erythrocyte aggregation in different animals and in man]. / Osobennosti aggregatsii éritrotsitov u raznykh zhivotnykh i cheloveka.

The reversible erythrocytes aggregation is considered to be a basic microrheological process determining a number of microcirculation features. But the problem of the adaptive role of erythrocytes aggregation still needs elucidation. The markedness of erythrocytes aggregation was compared in mammals occupying different positions in the evolutionary systematics: in 62 animals of 10 species and in 25 healthy humans. The species features of the erythrocytes aggregation were altered by means of adding high--molecular polyoxyethylene to blood plasma. The data obtained gave evidence on species differences in the erythrocytes aggregation, specifics of cell membrane, differences in the latter's electrostatic charge.

[Effect of polyethylene oxides on erythrocyte aggregation]. / Vliianie poliétilenoksidov na agregatsiiu eritrotsitov.

The effect of polyethylene oxide of different molecular weight on the aggregation of erythrocytes has been investigated. It was shown that the addition to blood of polymers with molecular weight of 600 and 1 000 weakens this aggregation, whereas the addition of those with molecular weights of 4 000 and 6 000 completely prevents it, simultaneously decreasing their osmotic resistance. Polyethylene oxide with molecular weight from 20 000 to 1 000 000 increase the aggregation of erythrocytes and do not affect their osmotic resistance. The aggregation of erythrocytes is a reversible process. The decrease in polyethylene oxide concentration leads to decreasing aggregation effect. The mechanism of the effect of polymers on cell aggregation is discussed.