Analysis of Various Factors' Influence and Optimization of Low-Temperature Combustion Technology.

It is possible to state that presently the transport area is responsible for a considerable part of the generated greenhouse gases and that transport is one of the main polluters in urban territories. However, at the same time, it is necessary to say that vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines are always the most popular among people thanks to the undoubted advantages of the piston combustion engines. Nowadays, several hundred millions of vehicles with combustion engines within the EU and about 1.5 milliard of such vehicles worldwide are utilized. The only reasonable possibility to reduce gaseous emissions generated by the motor car transport and to keep in operation vehicles equipped with the combustion engines is utilization of new fuels, namely, synthetic fuels. A very favorable idea is the innovative technology, which is called the low-temperature combustion (LTC). The LTC technology offers high efficiency of modern internal combustion engines together with the application of new climate-neutral fuels. That is why, the LTC technology means a prospective base for the sustainable future operation of the current vehicles. This scientific article describes the dual-fuel technology, namely, optimization of combustion and also a design proposal of innovated geometric shape of the combustion chamber determined for minimization of gaseous emissions. An original LTC combustion system characterized by positive results achieved in the reduction of an emission footprint is introduced. This innovative system is also the subject of patent protection.

Environmental and energetic aspects concerning application of experimental fuels in high-powerful engines.

The presented scientific study deals with the environmental and energetic aspects concerning application of the experimental fuels in high-powerful engines. This study analyses the most important results from the experimental tests realised on the motorbike engine in the case of two testing regimes: at first using a standardly produced combustion engine and then with the adjusted engine configuration designed in order to improve efficiency of the combustion process. There were tested and compared each other three different engine fuels in framework of the presented research work. The first fuel was the top experimental fuel 4-SGP, which is world-widely applied in the motorbike competitions. The second fuel was the experimental and sustainable fuel, which is called superethanol E-85. This fuel was developed in order to reach the highest power output and the lowest engine gaseous emissions. The third was a standard fuel, which is normally at disposal. Besides that, there were created also the experimental fuel mixtures. Their power output and emissions were tested, too.

Complex Analysis of Power Output and Emission Parameters of High-Power Motorcycles at Application of Advanced and Sustainable Fuels and Their Mixtures.

The presented scientific study is focused on a complex analysis of power output and emission parameters concerning an experimental motorcycle. In spite of the fact that there are at disposal considerable theoretical and experimental results, which include also matters of the L-category vehicles, there is, in general, a lack of data covering the experimental tests and power output characteristics of racing, high-power engines that represent a technological peak in the given segment. This situation is caused by an aversion of motorcycle producers to publicize their newest information, especially in the case of the latest high-tech applications. The given study is focused on all the main results obtained from the operational tests performed on the motorcycle engine in two testing cases: first with the original arrangement of the installed piston combustion engine series produced and second with the modified engine configuration proposed in order to increase the combustion process efficiency. Three kinds of engine fuel were tested and mutually compared within the performed research work: the first was the experimental top fuel used in the world motorcycle competition 4SGP, the second was the sustainable experimental fuel, the so-called superethanol e85 developed for maximum power output and minimum emission, and the third was the standard fuel, which is commonly available at gas stations. Applicable fuel mixtures were also created with the aim to analyze their power output and emission parameters. Finally, these fuel mixtures were compared with the top technological products available in the given area.

System based on thermal control of the HCCI technology developed for reduction of the vehicle NOX emissions in order to fulfil the future standard Euro 7.

On the present the environmental protection belongs among the most important worldwide priorities. From this reason there is valid within the framework of the European Union the standard Euro, which is specifically defined in the transport area. Nowadays the actual issue of this standard is signed Euro 6. It is established in order to eliminate most of the undesirable air pollutants. However, there is already prepared a new and even stricter emission standard Euro 7. It is a well-known fact that the actual emission standards are very hard and the automobile factories, together with the engine design concepts are trying to fulfil the new emission standards, mainly the NOX emission requirements. These circumstances also caused the infamous affair "dieselgate". The new engine concept, which is called HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition), could be a suitable solution of the present NOX emission problems. Principle of the HCCI technology is based on self-ignition of the homogenous fuel mixture using compression in order to reduce emissions, whereas the NOX emission level is almost negligible. However, there are also several essential problems connected with the above-mentioned innovative technology, for example a high level of pressures arising during the compression process and intensive heat release. Another serious problem is a complicated control of the self-ignition process. This article presents an original technical solution, which enables to regulate the whole self-ignition process and in this way to ensure a reliable operation of the HCCI engine. We would like to emphasize also a fact that this unique solution was applied for a patent, as well. The innovated piston combustion engine was installed in the experimental vehicle designed for participation at the international competition shell eco marathon 2018 in London focused on minimisation of the fuel consumption.

Reduction of the NOx emissions in vehicle diesel engine in order to fulfill future rules concerning emissions released into air.

In the past period occurred information about a fact that in some of the motorcars was installed a software, which enabled to hide the over-limit values of the nitrogen oxides during the emission testing process. This affair is called "dieselgate". It is a well-known fact that the actual emission limits are very hard and there is arising a serious problem for automobile factories to meet the demanding emission requirements. The emission standard Euro is an obligatory standard, which is valid within the European Union. On the present there is valid the newest standard Euro 6, which should help to eliminate most of the undesirable substances that are influencing quality of air. However, already in this year or during the next year 2018 there will be implemented a new, stricter emission standard Euro 7 in the EU. From this reason started to be used some of the alternative fuels in this branch. There was performed a study, which investigated emissions of the vehicle diesel engine during application of the experimental fuels. The experimental engine was equipped with the turbocharging and with the direct fuel injection. The different testing fuels were created using the ratios 0%, 50%, 80% and 100% between the biodiesel and the ULSDF (Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel), whereas the individually mixed fuels were marked B0:U100, B50:U50, B80:U20 and B100:U0. The first kind of the applied fuel is the pure ULSDF and the last fuel is the pure biodiesel. The experimental measurements were performed at the different engine loading levels and various engine speeds in order to investigate an influence of the mixed fuels on the engine operational characteristics.

Method for reduction of the NOX emissions in marine auxiliary diesel engine using the fuel mixtures containing biodiesel using HCCI combustion.

The marine auxiliary diesel engines installed in the large transoceanic ships are used in order to generate the electricity but at the same time these engines are able to produce a significant amount of the harmful exhaust gas emissions. Therefore the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) concluded an agreement, which has to control generating of gaseous emissions in maritime transport. From this reason started to be used some of the alternative fuels in this branch. There was performed a study, which investigated emissions of the auxiliary marine diesel engine during application of the experimental fuels. The different testing fuels were created using the ratios 0%, 50%, 80% and 100% between the biodiesel and the ULSDF (Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel). The experimental measurements were performed at the different engine loading levels and various engine speeds in order to investigate an influence of the mixed fuels on the engine operational characteristics.