Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Hemocromatose/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Proteína da Hemocromatose , Humanos , Letônia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This paper explores two lines of development in the donor consent procedures in post-Soviet Latvia. The paper is based on secondary analysis of interview, focus group discussion data, and media and legal text material collected throughout three previously conducted research projects on organ transplantation, population genome project and xenotransplantation focusing on the historical development of the issues of donor consent across these three fields of medical technologies. The paper argues that the quality of consent depends not as much on political and legal change per se as on the strengthening of the position of both medical specialists and donors, facilitating bonds between the two.
Assuntos
Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/legislação & jurisprudência , Socialismo , Doadores de Tecidos/ética , Doadores de Tecidos/legislação & jurisprudência , Grupos Focais , Projeto Genoma Humano , Humanos , Letônia , Transplante de Órgãos , Relações Médico-Paciente , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
This situation analysis report on prevention of child maltreatment in Latvia has been prepared with the cooperation of many stakeholders from different ministries, such as justice, welfare and health, agencies such as child protection, ombudsman and police, and nongovernmental organizations. Studies conducted in Latvia suggest that many children needlessly suffer from child maltreatment. As in other countries, most maltreatment occurs in the family and may not come to the attention of child protection agencies. It is nevertheless a grave public health and societal problem with far-reaching consequences for the mental, physical and reproductive health of children, and for societal development. This analysis found that while good progress is being made in availability of rehabilitation services, there is room for improvement in early prevention measures and data collection. Collaborative actions are required among all partners to tackle this public health and societal problem. This includes better information exchange and collaboration among stakeholders, improved detection and child-centred responses, enforcement of laws and social marketing to change attitudes to corporal punishment, and support to families in need. Health systems have a key role to play, not only in providing high-quality services for children who experience violence, but also in detecting and supporting families at risk and implementing prevention programmes, such as home visitation and parenting support. One way of ensuring this is to strengthen national policy on the prevention of child maltreatment, providing early and targeted support to all children and their families.