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1.
Ginecol Obstet Mex ; 80(7): 454-60, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22916638

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The role of insulin resistance (IR) of infertile patients with chronic anovulation in their therapeutic failure to clomiphene citrate (CC) is not quite clear. OBJECTIVE: Determine the sensitivity to insulin in patients with chronic anovulation and failure to the treatment with clomiphene citrate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional clinical study in infertile patients with clomiphene citrate resistance and in patients with adequate response to clomiphene citrate was carried out. In all patients insulin resistance was determined by the rate of glucose/insulin, HOMA (Homestatic Model Assessment) and the insulin sensitivity test. For the inferential statistical analysis, a Student's t test for independent samples was used. RESULTS: The average total basal insulin was 19.6 +/- 8.1 microU/mL. We observed higher concentrations in the clomiphene citrate resistance group (22.1 +/- 8.9 vs. 15.8 +/- 5.1 mU/mL p = 0.07). The glucose/insulin rate was statistically minor in patients with resistance to clomiphene citrate (4.2 +/- 1.9 versus 6.9 +/- 2.1 p = 0.02), but HOMA was not significantly different in both groups (4.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.9 +/- 1.3 p = 0.6). The total rate of glucose disappearance (KIIT) was 4.1 +/- 1.2. However, the statistical analysis did not show significant statistical differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that insulin resistance can be a mechanism involved in the pharmacologic response to ovulation induction in infertile patients, but coexisting pathophysiological mechanisms such as hyperandrogenism might also account for the lack of response to clomiphene citrate.


Assuntos
Anovulação/tratamento farmacológico , Anovulação/metabolismo , Clomifeno/uso terapêutico , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/uso terapêutico , Infertilidade Feminina/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência à Insulina , Indução da Ovulação , Adulto , Anovulação/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Falha de Tratamento
2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 60(Suppl 2): 119-126, 2022 Dec 19.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36796030

RESUMO

Undoubtedly, great advances have been made in terms of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. However, in Mexican Social Security System, the quality of maternal care is questionable, as reflected in proportions of cesarean births three times higher than those recommended by WHO, abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding and the fact that up to one in three women is a victim of abuse during delivery. Given this, the IMSS decides to implement the model called Integral Maternal Care AMIIMSS, focused on users experience and based on friendly obstetric care, along different stages of the reproductive process. Four pillars underpin the model, women's empowerment, infrastructure adaptation, training and adaptation of processes and standards. Although there are advances, with 73 pre-labor rooms enabled and 14,103 friendly attentions granted, there are pending tasks and challenges. In terms of empowerment, the birth plan needs to be included as an institutional practice. In terms of infrastructure adequacy, a budget is required to build and adapt friendly spaces. In addition, it is necessary to update the staffing tables and include new categories, for an adequate operation of the program. On training, the adaptation of academic plans for doctors and nurses is pending. In terms of processes and regulations, there is a lack of qualitative evaluation of the impact of the program on people's experience and satisfaction and elimination of obstetric violence.


Sin duda, se han logrado grandes avances en materia de morbimortalidad materno-infantil. Sin embargo, la calidad de la atención en las instituciones de seguridad social es cuestionable, tal como lo reflejan las proporciones de nacimientos mediante cesárea al triple de lo recomendado por la OMS, el abandono en la lactancia materna y el hecho que hasta una de cada tres mujeres es víctima de maltrato durante la atención. Ante esto, el IMSS ha decidido implementar el modelo denominado Atención Materna Integral AMIIMSS, centrado en las personas usuarias y con sustento en la atención obstétrica amigable, que abarca distintas etapas. Cuatro pilares sustentan al modelo: empoderamiento de la mujer, adaptación de la infraestructura, capacitación y adecuación de procesos y normas. Si bien hay avances, con 73 salas de prelabor habilitadas y 14,103 atenciones amigables otorgadas, hay retos y desafíos por vencer. En materia de empoderamiento, falta incluir el plan de parto como una práctica institucional. En cuanto a adecuación de infraestructura, se requiere presupuesto para construir y adecuar espacios amigables. Además, es necesaria la actualización de las plantillas de personal e inclusión de nuevas categorías para una adecuada operación del programa. Sobre capacitación, está pendiente la adecuación de planes formativos de médicos y enfermeras. En materia de procesos y normatividad, falta evaluación cualitativa del impacto sobre la experiencia y la satisfacción de las personas y la eliminación de la violencia obstétrica.


Assuntos
Médicos , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Gravidez , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Aleitamento Materno , México
3.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 53(2): 214-25, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25760751

RESUMO

Post-menopause is the period of life where a deep decline occurs in circulating estrogen levels, inducing the appearance of psycho and somatic symptoms. The classification to understand the chronology of reproductive aging in women (known as STRAW) determines the clinical and endocrine changes contemplating menstrual cycles, symptoms, measurements of FSH, LH, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone , and follicular account. The diagnosis of menopause is established by the absence of menstruation for 12 months or more. The most frequent clinical manifestations of the climacteric syndrome transition to menopause are menstrual disorders, vasomotor symptoms (flushes and/or sweats) and genitourinary manifestations. The assessment of women in the peri- or postmenopause aims to develop: cervicovaginal cytology , lipid profile , serum glucose, basal Mammography at least a year before, pelvic ultrasound, urinalysis, serum TSH, Densitometry in patients older than 60 years if there is no recourse can be applied and FRAX. Drug therapy for the treatment of disorders of the transition to menopause or menopause is divided into: hormone therapy (HT) based estrogens and progestin hormone not being the most recommended the serotonin reuptake inhibitors and norepinephrine, clonidine, gabapentin or veralipride.


La posmenopausia es el periodo de la vida en el que ocurre un profundo descenso en las concentraciones circulantes de estrógenos, lo cual induce la aparición de los síntomas psico y somáticos. La clasificación para entender la cronología del envejecimiento reproductivo en la mujer (reconocida como STRAW) determina los cambios clínicos y endocrinos a partir de examinar los ciclos menstruales, los síntomas, las mediciones de FSH, LH, inhibina B, hormona antimulleriana y la cuenta folicular. El diagnóstico de menopausia se establece por la ausencia de menstruación por 12 meses o más. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes del síndrome climatérico o transición a la menopausia son los trastornos menstruales, los síntomas vasomotores (bochornos o sudoraciones) y las manifestaciones genitourinarias. La evaluación de la mujer en la peri o la postmenopausia contempla la realización de citología cervicovaginal, perfil de lípidos, glucosa sérica, mastografía basal (por lo menos un año antes), ultrasonido pélvico, examen general de orina, TSH sérica, densitometría (ver la Guía de práctica clínica de osteoporosis) en pacientes mayores de 60 años (y si no se cuenta con el recurso se puede aplicar el FRAX). El tratamiento farmacológico para las alteraciones de la menopausia (o de la transición a esta) se divide en: tratamiento hormonal (TH) con base en estrógenos o progestágenos, y tratamiento no hormonal; los más recomendados son los inhibidores de recaptura de serotonina y norepinefrina, clonidina, gabapentina o veraliprida.


Assuntos
Doenças Urogenitais Femininas , Fogachos , Menopausa/fisiologia , Distúrbios Menstruais , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa , Feminino , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/diagnóstico , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/etiologia , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/terapia , Fogachos/diagnóstico , Fogachos/etiologia , Fogachos/terapia , Humanos , Distúrbios Menstruais/diagnóstico , Distúrbios Menstruais/etiologia , Distúrbios Menstruais/terapia , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/diagnóstico , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/terapia , Pós-Menopausa/fisiologia , Síndrome
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