The first detection of Myxobolus lentisuturalis Dyková, Fiala et Nie, 2002, a highly pathogenic muscle-infecting parasite of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Berg, 1932) in Hungary.

Myxobolus lentisuturalis is a myxosporean parasite infecting the musculature both of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). The species was originally described in China from gibel carp that is a common fish for sport fishing in Hungary meanwhile is one of the most popular farmed fish in China due to its high demand. Eighteen gibel carp with distortions were collected from a barrage pond in southern Hungary. All fish had large humps in the dorsolateral region due to infection of the muscle between the head and the dorsal fin. The swollen degenerated tissue was filled with myxozoan spores, which were collected for morphological and molecular studies. By size and morphology, the spores were consistent with morphological description of M. lentisuturalis. Histopathological examination showed that the formation of plasmodia containing myxospores leads to severe destruction of muscle tissue. The 18S ribosomal DNA and 28S ribosomal DNA data of the samples presented matched with previous sequences of M. lentisuturalis in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that our sequences belong to a monophyletic group with them supported by a high bootstrap. This study highlights the occurrence of a highly pathogenic myxozoan, M. lentisuturalis in Hungary as a new geographical location.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of two closely related species: Myxobolus tihanyensis n. sp. and Myxobolus sandrae Reuss, 1906.

Based on spore morphology and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, we describe a new Myxobolus species, Myxobolus tihanyensis n. sp., parasitizing the European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from Lake Balaton in Hungary. The brownish plasmodia were found in various locations of the body, mainly in the muscle adjacent with fins and vertebrae. The spores were ovoid, and measured 9.84 ± 0.38 µm in length, 7.69 ± 0.23 µm in width, and 5.35 ± 0.21 µm in thickness, with 8-10 sutural (edge) markings. The polar capsules were mostly equal in size, with 4.91 ± 0.39 µm in length and 2.27 ± 0.24 µm in width. The polar tubule length is 38.15 µm ± 2.70, and coiled 6-7 times. In particular, these morphological data overlap with those of Myxobolus sandrae Reuss1906 infecting the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), and the Volga pikeperch (Sander volgensis) according to previous descriptions and the taxonomic data here described. However, the phylogenetic analyses separate the two species as sister clades with 16.8% genetic distance. This study has demonstrated that the two species of Myxobolus exhibit phenotypic similarity while displaying significant genetic divergence. Therefore, the importance of including molecular data in the taxonomic description of myxozoans is emphasized.

Scientific seminars in lockdown: Lessons for a post-pandemic time in defense of a permanent platform for science dissemination in the world.

In an academic semester, living in social isolation and under restrictions of the pandemic, we organized weekly multidisciplinary seminars from a postgraduate course program in Curitiba, Southern Brazil, integrating students from different regions of Brazil and South America. Outstanding researchers from Brazil, Germany, France, Argentina, Mexico, Portugal, England, and United States' institutions gave seminars on chronic and infectious diseases with immunological, pharmacological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular biology point of views. The meetings were longer than traditional seminars, containing a part with scientific debate and other with a humanization or deconstruction of the researcher including trajectory, hobbies, scientific, and social thoughts. To facilitate learning and conceptualization, the seminars were available through YouTube and we applied weekly questionnaires to be answered rescuing scientific and motivational topics to give companionship and support to the students in pandemic times. Here, we are defending the creation of permanent platforms for scientific diffusion, with higher accessibility, connecting centers of different levels and giving academic excellence and opportunities for young researchers. Feedback received from participants indicates that this seminar structure can increase confidence and improve their perception of scientific processes and inspire researchers with development trajectories. We have discussed multidisciplinarity, scientific excellence, regional isolation and economic inequality, integration, humanization, and the value of science in society.

Immunomodulatory activity of diethylcarbamazine on humoral, cellular cytokine response and respiratory burst in BALB/c mice.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is an anthelmintic piperazine derivative drug with putative immunomodulating properties, including increased platelet and granulocyte adhesion to parasites and enhanced production of cytokines. To further analyse these properties in a well-established animal model, we evaluated the effect of DEC on antibody, cellular cytokine response and respiratory burst in BALB/c mice. Animals were challenged with a thymus-dependent (tetanus toxoid, (TT)) and with a thymus-independent (lipopolysaccharide, (LPS)) antigen and treated with DEC for seven days with two different doses (50 mg/day and 500 mg/day). Serum was assessed for antibody production at 0, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after stimulation and at 0, 24 and 48 h for IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-12 release. Respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes from peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry. We found low-dose treatment with DEC enhanced cytokine production vs. TT and antibody production vs. LPS, whereas a higher dose enhanced significantly the respiratory burst of both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, with a significant higher effect on the former. Our results suggest a stimulating, dose-dependent immunomodulatory effect of DEC with a higher effect on the phagocytic cells.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cervical Cancer Tissues Identifies Proteins Associated With Cancer Progression.

BACKGROUND/AIM: To date, several proteomics studies in cervical cancer (CC) have focused mainly on squamous cervical cancer (SCC). Our study aimed to discover and clarify differences in SCC and CAD that may provide valuable information for the identification of proteins involved in tumor progression, in CC as a whole, or specific for SCC or CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total protein extracts from 15 individual samples corresponding to 5 different CC tissue types were compared with a non-cancerous control group using bidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS), isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (ITRAQ), principal component analysis (PCA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS: A total of 622 statistically significant different proteins were detected. Exocytosis-related proteins were the most over-represented, accounting for 25% of the identified and quantified proteins. Based on the experimental results, reticulocalbin 3 (RCN3) and Ras-related protein Rab-14 (RAB14) were chosen for further downstream in vitro and vivo analyses. RCN3 was overexpressed in all CC tissues compared to the control and RAB14 was overexpressed in squamous cervical cancer (SCC) compared to invasive cervical adenocarcinoma (CAD). In the tumor xenograft experiment, RAB14 protein expression was positively correlated with increased tumor size. In addition, RCN3-expressing HeLa cells induced a discrete size increment compared to control, at day 47 after inoculation. CONCLUSION: RAB14 and RCN3 are suggested as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of CC.

Active learning tools improve the learning outcomes, scientific attitude, and critical thinking in higher education: Experiences in an online course during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Active teaching methodologies have been placed as a hope for changing education at different levels, transiting from passive lecture-centered to student-centered learning. With the health measures of social distance, the COVID-19 pandemic forced a strong shift to remote education. With the challenge of delivering quality education through a computer screen, we validated and applied an online course model using active teaching tools for higher education. We incorporated published active-learning strategies into an online construct, with problem-based inquiry and design of inquiry research projects to serve as our core active learning tool. The gains related to students' science learning experiences and their attitudes toward science were assessed by applying questionnaires before, during, and after the course. The course counted on the participation of 83 students, most of them (60.8%) from postgraduate students. Our results show that engagement provided by active learning methods can improve performance both in hard and soft skills. Students' participation seems to be more relevant when activities require the interaction of information, prediction, and reasoning, such as open-ended questions and design of research projects. Therefore, our data show that, in pandemic, active learning tools benefit students and improve their critical thinking and their motivation and positive positioning in science.

Aggregata polibraxiona n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Aggregatidae) from Octopus bimaculatus Verrill, 1883 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Gulf of California, Mexico.

The Apicomplexa Aggregata spp. are intracellular parasites of cephalopods that infect the intestinal tract of commercially important species such as Octopus bimaculatus, which sustains the octopus fishery in Baja California (B.C.), Mexico. In this study, Aggregata polibraxiona n. sp. was described from the cecum of O. bimaculatus collected from Bahia de Los Angeles, B. C. Light and electron microscopy revealed that oocysts and sporocysts were spherical to ovoid in shape. Sporulated oocysts (293-835 × 177-688 µm) contained 135-674 sporocysts (12-24 × 11-22 µm). The sporocyst wall was covered by tubular projections (0.55-2.19 µm in length) bifurcated in the top, unevenly distributed, covered by a thin membrane. Each sporocyst contains 11-13 sporozoites (16-26 × 1.20-3 µm). Three partial sequences of the 18S rDNA gene were obtained, and two phylogenetic approaches were performed according to Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. In both phylogenetic reconstructions, the sequences of A. polibraxiona n. sp. were recovered as a monophyletic group within the genus Aggregata and placed as a sister group to Aggregata octopiana Lineage II. Aggregata polibraxiona n. sp. is the first Apicomplexa described from a cephalopod host from Mexico and extends the geographical range of Apicomplexa infecting cephalopods.

Correlation between viral load of cytomegalovirus and tacrolimus and sirolimus levels in transplanted pediatric patients.

INTRODUCTION: Survival of transplant patients and grafts depends largely on the use of immunosuppressive drugs. However, a balance remains to be established among immunosuppression, transplant rejection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which results in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to define a better strategy for monitoring transplanted patients based on the analysis of the blood concentration of sirolimus and tacrolimus and the burden of CMV. METHODS: Fifty five post-transplant (kidney and liver) pediatric patients, nine treated with sirolimus and 46 treated with tacrolimus, were included. A total of 541 measurements were obtained. In each measurement the concentration of immunosuppressant in whole blood and CMV viral load in plasma and whole blood was quantified by real-time PCR. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was estimated. RESULTS: Values of r ≤0.0747 were found for the relationship between dose and concentration of immunosuppressant; r = 0.9406 for the relationship between viral load in whole blood and plasma, and r ≤0.4616 for the relationship between concentration of immunosuppressant and viral load. CONCLUSIONS: These data support that the doses of immunosuppressive drugs do not correlate with the levels of the same in whole blood. Therefore, systemic levels of immunosuppressant should be constantly monitored together with CMV load. Meanwhile, a high correlation between viral load measured in whole blood and plasma was found.

Correlation between viral load of cytomegalovirus and tacrolimus and sirolimus levels in transplanted pediatric patients / Correlación entre la carga viral de citomegalovirus y los niveles de tacrolimus y sirolimus en pacientes pediátricos trasplantados

Abstract: Introduction: Survival of transplant patients and grafts depends largely on the use of immunosuppressive drugs. However, a balance remains to be established among immunosuppression, transplant rejection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which results in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to define a better strategy for monitoring transplanted patients based on the analysis of the blood concentration of sirolimus and tacrolimus and the burden of CMV. Methods: Fifty five post-transplant (kidney and liver) pediatric patients, nine treated with sirolimus and 46 treated with tacrolimus, were included. A total of 541 measurements were obtained. In each measurement the concentration of immunosuppressant in whole blood and CMV viral load in plasma and whole blood was quantified by real-time PCR. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was estimated. Results: Values of r ≤ 0.0747 were found for the relationship between dose and concentration of immunosuppressant; r = 0.9406 for the relationship between viral load in whole blood and plasma, and r ≤ 0.4616 for the relationship between concentration of immunosuppressant and viral load. Conclusions: These data support that the doses of immunosuppressive drugs do not correlate with the levels of the same in whole blood. Therefore, systemic levels of immunosuppressant should be constantly monitored together with CMV load. Meanwhile, a high correlation between viral load measured in whole blood and plasma was found.

Resumen: Introducción: La supervivencia de pacientes trasplantados y de los injertos depende en gran medida del uso de fármacos inmunosupresores. Sin embargo, aún no se ha logrado establecer un balance entre la inmunosupresión, el rechazo al trasplante y la infección por citomegalovirus (CMV), lo cual deriva en una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue definir una mejor estrategia de seguimiento de los pacientes trasplantados a partir del análisis de la concentración en sangre de sirolimus y tacrolimus y la carga de CMV. Métodos: Se incluyeron 55 pacientes pediátricos post-trasplante (riñón e hígado), nueve en tratamiento con sirolimus y 46 en tratamiento con tacrolimus. Se obtuvieron 541 mediciones en total. En cada medición se cuantificó la concentración de inmunosupresor en sangre total y la carga viral de CMV en plasma y sangre total mediante PCR en tiempo real. Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r). Resultados: Se encontraron valores de r ≤ 0.0747 para la relación entre dosis y concentración del inmunosupresor; de r = 0.9406 para la relación de la carga viral entre suero y sangre total y de r ≤ 0.4616 para la relación entre concentración de inmunosupresor y carga viral. Conclusiones: Estos datos apoyan que la dosis de los fármacos inmunosupresores no correlaciona con los niveles de los mismos en sangre total. Por ello, deben ser constantemente monitoreados junto con la carga viral. Por su parte, se encontró alta correlación entre la carga viral medida en sangre total y plasma.

Comportamiento clínico epidemiológico del síndrome metabólico en pacientes adultos / Clinical and Epidemiological Behavior of the Metabolic Syndrome In Adults

Introducción: el síndrome metabólico comprende un conjunto de factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente el síndrome metabólico en pacientes adultos. Métodos: se realizó un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio por conglomerados de 3 consultorios del Policlínico "Máximo Gómez Báez", municipio Holguín, en 109 pacientes adultos atendidos durante el període de septiembre de 2012 - abril de 2013. Se aplicaron el ANOVA, la prueba de Mann-Whitney y chi cuadrado. Se calcularon los Odds Ratio y sus intervalos de confianza en la regresión logística binaria en EPIDAT 4,1. Resultados: el 41,3 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron síndrome metabólico, con valores medios superiores de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, peso corporal, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia abdominal, pliegues subescapular, suprailíaco y tricipital, y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Estos pacientes presentaron medias superiores de los triglicéridos séricos, colesterol total y del índice triglicéridos/HDL-colesterol. No se encontró una asociación del síndrome metabólico con el sexo, pero sí con el exceso de peso corporal y la menopausia. Conclusiones: se encontraron alteraciones metabólicas y factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome metabólico, cuya detección puede ser útil para establecer futuras estrategias de intervención(AU)

Introduction: the metabolic syndrome has many risk factors. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically metabolic syndrome in adult patients. Methods: a random probability cluster sampling locations in 3 office of Polyclinic Máximo Gómez Báez, Holguín municipality in adult patients was conducted during September 2012 - April 2013. The sample consisted of 109 adult patients. ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney and chi square were applied. The odds ratio and confidence intervals were calculated in binary logistic regression in EPIDAT 4.1. Results: 41.3 percent of patients had metabolic syndrome, with higher mean values ​​of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac, triceps skinfold and fat percentage body than patients without the metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome had higher mean serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio. No association of metabolic syndrome with sex was found, but with excess body weight, and menopause. Conclusions: metabolic disorders and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome were found, the detection could be useful in establishing future intervention strategies(AU)

Resistencia a drogas antituberculosas en Caracas, Venezuela; 2001-2006 / Antituberculosis drug resistance in Caracas, Venezuela; 2001-2006

Para establecer la sensibilidad de las cepas de Mycobac-terium tuberculosis aisladas en Caracas, entre 2001 y 2006, fueron probadas utilizando el método colorimétrico para determinar las Concentraciones Inhibitorias Mínimas (CIM). De las 324 cepas, 46 (14,2%) mostraron resistencia a una o más drogas. Encontramos resistencia de alto nivel (CIM 8 µg/ml) y bajo nivel (CIM 1-4 µg/ml) a Estreptomicina en 6 (1,8%) y 25 (7,7%) de las cepas, respectivamente. Se encontró resistencia a Isoniacida de bajo nivel (MIC 0,125 - 0,5 µg/ml) en 8 (2,5%) y de alto nivel (MIC 1,0 µg/ml) en 15 (4,6%) de las cepas estudiadas. Hallamos 13 (4,0%) cepas resistentes a Rifampicina (RIF) (5 µg/ml) y 11 (3,4%) a Etambutol (10 µg/ml). De los 17 (5,2%) aislamientos resistentes a dos o más drogas, 12 (3,7%) fueron resistentes a INH y RIF (definido como multirresistencia, MDR). De las 12 cepas MDR, 11 fueron aisladas a partir de esputo y una de líquido pleural. Este estudio muestra un incremento en la prevalencia de la resistencia a las drogas antituberculosas en Caracas, especialmente las cepas MDR. Este aumento apunta hacia la necesidad de una encuesta na-cional, para evaluar el panorama real de la resistencia.

To asses drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from 2001 to 2006 in Caracas. Available strains were tested using colorimetric method to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). Of 324 strains, 46 (14,2%) showed resistance to one or more drugs. High-resistance (8 µg/ml) and low-resistance (1-4 µg/ml) to Strep omycint was found in 6 (1,8%) and 25 (7,7%) strains, respectively. Isoniazid (INH) low-resistance (MIC 0.125 - 0.5 µg/ml) were found in 8 (2,5%) and high-resistant (MIC at 1.0 µg/ml) in 15 (4,6%), Rifampicin resistance (RMP) (5 µg/ml) in 13 (4%), and Ethambutol resistance (10 µg/ml) in 11 (3,4%) of the strains. Of the 17 (5,2%) isolates resistant to two or more drugs, 12 (3,7%) were resistant to INH and RMP (defined as multidrug resistance, MDR). Of these 12 MDR strains, 11 were isolated from sputum and one from pleu ral fluid. This study shows an increased prevalence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in Caracas, especially the prevalence of MDR strains, raises an urgent need of a proper nationwide survey to evaluate the true picture of resistance.

Complicaciones factores de riesgo asociados amorbimortalidad en pacientes peediátricos que son operados de adenoamigdalectomía con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño

Introducción: Reconocer las complicaciones quirúrgicas en niños con adenoamigdalectomía y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño es de suma importancia, así como valorar la severidad del índice de apnea/hipoapnea con desaturación en sueño movimiento ocular rápido. Se requiere indicar tratamiento médico, no farmacológico, de ventilación no invasiva con presión positiva, previo a la cirugía y disminuir las complicaciones cardiovasculares respiratorias. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, cohorte, longitudinal, descriptivo y prospectivo. La cohorte estuvo constituida por 124 niños menores de 15 años posoperados de adenoamigdalectomía y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Respiratorios del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias de junio de 2000 a agosto de 2001. La estadística inferencial aplicada fue la prueba exacta de Fisher, Chi cuadrada, progresión logística e intervalo de confianza 95%. Resultados: El sexo más afectado fue el masculino con relación 2:1. La edad mínima fue 13 meses y máxima 168 meses, el peso en kilogramos fue 25.0±9.9, la comorbilidad asociada fue la obesidad (26.6%), asma (8.9%) y neurología (3.2%). La gravedad de la apnea en el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño leve fue 62.1%, moderado 21% y grave 16.9%, con promedio de índice de apnea 21.6, desviación estándar 32.7, con mínima 1.3 a máxima 175 por hora. La incidencia de complicaciones transoperatorias fue 12.9%; la más frecuente, la hipertensión arterial sistémica de 6.5%, falla para extubar al enfermo en quirófano, 4.8%, de las respiratorias, estridor, sibilancias y ventilación mecánica asistida, 9.7%, de las cardiovasculares, hipertensión arterial, 4% que requirió uso de vasodilatador sistémico y analgésicos. En el análisis univariado las variables que tuvieron asociación con la presencia de complicaciones, se encontró que la presencia de comorbilidad (p<0.017) falla para poder extubar al enfermo en quirófano, y la presencia de complicaciones transoperatorias (p<0.002) mostraron significancia estadística; la obesidad (p>0.08) mostró tendencia hacia la significancia. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones posoperatorias de adenoamigdalectomía en pacientes con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño son del tipo cardiovascular respiratorias en comparación con aquellos niños que no tienen síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y se operan de adenoamigdalectomía. La comorbilidad fue la variable independiente en el preoperatorio que mostró asociación estadística con la presencia de complicaciones posoperatorias, el uso y tiempo ± 30 días de ventilación no invasiva con presión positiva donde ninguno se complicó.

Background: It is very important to recognize in pediatric patients with OSAS and adenotonsilar hypertrophy the severity of the apnea/hypoapnea index and SpO2 desaturation during REM sleep, because, in case of surgical intervention, non-pharmacologic medical treatment with CPAP or Bilevel positive pressure ventilation will be necessary prior to surgery to dismiss perioperative complications. Methods: Observational, cohort, longitudinal, descriptive and prospective study. We included 124 children under 15 years of age in postsurgical period, who were admitted to IRCU between June 2000 and August 2001. We applied Fisher's exact test, Chi square, logistic progression and CI value of 95%. Result: Gender relation was M/F: 2:1, boys being more affected. The youngest patients were 13 months and the oldest 168 months; weight in kilograms was 25±9.9; percentages of associated comorbility were: obesity 26.6%, asthma 8.9% and 3.2% for neurological disorders. OSAS severity percentages were: 62.1% for mild; 21% for moderate and 16.9% for severe. Mean apnea index was 21.6 (SD32.7; min 1.3 max 175/hour). Perioperative complications were: systemic arterial hypertension, 6.5%; weaning failure, 4.8%; strider, wheezing and AMV: 9.7%; in addition, 4% of the patients with SAH needed vasodilatation intravenous therapy and analgesic. Univariate analyses showed strong association of morbidity with obesity (p>0.08), weaning failure in the OR and other trans-operative complications (p<0.002), and comorbility (p<0.017). Conclusions: Postoperative cardiovascular and respiratory complications of adeno-amygdalectomy were common (23%) in these OSAS patients compared to children without OSAS. Comorbility was strongly associated with perioperative complication. Treatment with CPAP or Bilevel positive pressure ventilation before surgical intervention decreased respiratory and cardiovascular complications.

Detección de cambios por envejecimiento del laberinto posterior mediante Electro-oculografía / Detection of posterior labyrinth aging changes by Electro-oculography

Se estudiaron los cambios que sugieren envejecimiento del laberinto posterior mediante electro oculografía en 40 sujetos sanos, divididos en 2 grupos: 1) mayores de 60 años y 2) menores de 60 años. Se realizó a todos los pacientes estudio de electronistagmografía (ENG) más audiometría. En el grupo experimental se encontraron datos sugestivos de envejecimiento del laberinto posterior; la variable más representativas fue la prueba térmicas (l00 por ciento). Es importante considerar a la presbiastasis como un diagnóstico más a sospechar en pacientes mayores de 60 años con vértigo.

Pericarditis por campylobacter laridis en un paciente con SIDA: reporte de un caso excepcional / Pericarditis by campylobacter laridis in a patient with AIDS: report of an exceptional case

Se describe el primer caso conocido de pericarditis por Cambylobacter laridis. Se trata de un paciente homosexual masculino con sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, quien presentaba síntomas de fiebre, disnéa y dolor torácico. El microorganismo fué aislado a partir de la sangre y del líquido pericárdico. La evolución del paciente fué satisfactoria luego de tratamiento intravenoso con eritromicina y la realización de un procedimiento de ventana pericárdica

Identificación de papilomavirus en cáncer de cervix recurrente postradioterapia / Papillomaviruses identification in cervix neoplasm postradiotherapy recurrent

Utilizando la técnica de hibridización in situ, se investigó la presencia de papilomavirus humano (PVH) en el material biópsico proveniente de 10 pacientes con cáncer del cuello uterino con recurrencia pelviana luego de radioterapia. Se utilizaron sondas de ácido ribonucleico (ARN) marcado con el radioisótopo S35 para los tipos de PVH 6, 11, 16 y 18. Nueve de estas pacientes tenían también biópsias del tumor primario antes de la radioterapia. Se detectó el PVH 16 en el tumor primario y recurrente en cuatro pacientes, y solamente en el primario en un caso. También se encontró PVH 16 en un cáncer recurrente que no tenía biópsias evaluables del tumor primario. La comparación del tumor primario y recurrente evidenció que la radioterapia no altera la señal de hibridización. La persistencia del PVH 16 en el cáncer recurrente del cérvix dá fundamento a la teoría que el PVH jugaría un rol en el mantenimiento del estado maligno