Prolonged sleep deprivation induces a cytokine-storm-like syndrome in mammals.

Most animals require sleep, and sleep loss induces serious pathophysiological consequences, including death. Previous experimental approaches for investigating sleep impacts in mice have been unable to persistently deprive animals of both rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). Here, we report a "curling prevention by water" paradigm wherein mice remain awake 96% of the time. After 4 days of exposure, mice exhibit severe inflammation, and approximately 80% die. Sleep deprivation increases levels of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in the brain, and we found that elevated PGD2 efflux across the blood-brain-barrier-mediated by ATP-binding cassette subfamily C4 transporter-induces both accumulation of circulating neutrophils and a cytokine-storm-like syndrome. Experimental disruption of the PGD2/DP1 axis dramatically reduced sleep-deprivation-induced inflammation. Thus, our study reveals that sleep-related changes in PGD2 in the central nervous system drive profound pathological consequences in the peripheral immune system.

A nature-inspired HIF stabilizer derived from a highland-adaptation insertion of plateau pika Epas1 protein.

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play pivotal roles in numerous diseases and high-altitude adaptation, and HIF stabilizers have emerged as valuable therapeutic tools. In our prior investigation, we identified a highland-adaptation 24-amino-acid insertion within the Epas1 protein. This insertion enhances the protein stability of Epas1, and mice engineered with this insertion display enhanced resilience to hypoxic conditions. In the current study, we delved into the biochemical mechanisms underlying the protein-stabilizing effects of this insertion. Our findings unveiled that the last 11 amino acids within this insertion adopt a helical conformation and interact with the α-domain of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), thereby disrupting the Eloc-pVHL interaction and impeding the ubiquitination of Epas1. Utilizing a synthesized peptide, E14-24, we demonstrated its favorable membrane permeability and ability to stabilize endogenous HIF-α proteins, inducing the expression of hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) genes. Furthermore, the administration of E14-24 to mice subjected to hypoxic conditions mitigated body weight loss, suggesting its potential to enhance hypoxia adaptation.