Thiol-Amino Bifunctional Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Membrane Regulating Hydrophobic Sites for Selective Separation of Artesunate.

The selective separation and purification of artesunate (ARU) and artemisinin (ART) using zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF), especially UiO-66 MOF, are receiving increasing attention. In this study, tunable "hydrophobic" sites of thiol (-SH) were introduced to amino-functionalized MOFs (UiO-66-NH2) to fabricate a thiol-amino bifunctional UiO-66/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-blended membrane (S1-UiO/PVDF-DPIM) via the delayed-phase-inversion method for selective separation of ARU/ART. The adsorption results indicated that the modification of UiO-66-NH2 with thiol can indeed increase the ARU adsorption. The thiol-functional MOF (S1-UiO-66-NH2) was chosen as the optimal thiol-amino bifunctional MOF, as it possessed the maximum ARU adsorption capacity (111.14 mg g-1) and the highest selective-separation factor (α = 51.84). The ATR FT-IR dynamic spectrum disclosed the recognition mechanism, indicating that incorporating thiol groups into a hydrophilic MOF as hydrophobic sites can boost adsorption efficiency. Moreover, the static-selective permeation results showed that the S1-UiO/PVDF-DPIM preferentially transfers ARU when mixed with ART, even achieving complete ARU/ART separation. The most crucial aspect was the introduction of a hydrophobic core of -SH and new spontaneously formed disulfide bonds to S1-UiO/PVDF-DPIM, creating alternated hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. This work provides an alternative strategy to prepare hydrophobic-hydrophilic MOF-based membranes for the highly efficient and selective separation of complex analogue systems.

Association between base excess and mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Base excess (BE) is associated with mortality from many diseases. However, the relationship between BE and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke remains uncertain. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between BE values upon admission to the ICU and mortality rates in critically ill stroke patients. METHODS: The current study enrolled 1,572 patients with ischemic stroke (863 males and 709 females). The associations of BE with intensive care unit (ICU), hospital, 28-day, and 1-year mortalities were assessed using multivariable logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards model. The potential impact of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (< 5 or ≥ 5) on the prognostic value of BE was further evaluated with interaction and subgroup analyses. RESULTS: BE values less than - 3 mmol/L, greater than 3 mmol/L, and within - 3 to 3 mmol/L (normal BE) were observed in 316 (20.1%), 175 (11.1%), and 1,081 (68.8%) patients, respectively. The restricted cubic splines analyses revealed that a U-shaped curve between BE and the mortality risk. Multivariable analysis indicated that patients with low BE (<-3 mmol/L) had higher rates of ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.829; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.281-2.612; P = 0.001), hospital mortality (OR, 1.484; 95% CI, 1.077-2.045; P = 0.016), 28-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.522; 95% CI, 1.200-1.929; P = 0.001), and 1-year mortality (HR, 1.399; 95% CI, 1.148-1.705; P = 0.001) than patients with normal BE. Subgroup analyses showed consistent results pertaining to SOFA scores ≥ 5. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients with ischemic stroke, an initial BE of <-3 mmol/L at ICU admission may indicate an increased risk of ICU, hospital, 28-day, and 1-year mortalities.

The Causal Relationship between Plasma Myeloperoxidase Levels and Respiratory Tract Infections: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Observational researches reported the underlying correlation of plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration with respiratory tract infections (RTIs), but their causality remained unclear. Here, we examined the cause-effect relation between plasma MPO levels and RTIs. Materials and Methods: Datasets of plasma MPO levels were from the Folkersen et al. study (n = 21,758) and INTERVAL study (n = 3,301). Summarized data for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (2,795 cases and 483,689 controls) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) (585 cases and 430,780 controls) were from the UK Biobank database. The primary method for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was the inverse variance weighted approach, with MR-Egger and weighted median methods as supplements. Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers global test, funnel plots, and leave-one-out analysis were used for sensitivity analysis. Results: We found that plasma MPO levels were positively associated with URTI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.135; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.011-1.274; P=0.032) and LRTI (ICU) (OR = 1.323; 95% CI = 1.006-1.739; P=0.045). The consistent impact direction is shown when additional plasma MPO level genome-wide association study datasets are used (URTI: OR = 1.158; 95% CI = 1.072-1.251; P < 0.001; LRTI (ICU): OR = 1.216; 95% CI = 1.020-1.450; P=0.030). There was no evidence of a causal effect of URTI and LRTI (ICU) on plasma MPO concentration in the reverse analysis (P > 0.050). The sensitivity analysis revealed no violations of MR presumptions. Conclusions: Plasma MPO levels may causally affect the risks of URTI and LRTI (ICU). In contrast, the causal role of URTI and LRTI (ICU) on plasma MPO concentration was not supported in our MR analysis. Further studies are needed to identify the relationship between RTIs and plasma MPO levels.

Prenatal exposure to low-dose bisphenol A disrupts hippocampal DNA methylation and demethylation in male rat offspring.

Earlier research has demonstrated that developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has persistent impacts on both adult brain growth and actions. It has been suggested that BPA might obstruct the methylation coding of the genes in the brain. In this study, the methylation changes in the hippocampus tissue of male rat pups were examined following prenatal BPA exposure. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either vehicle (tocopherol-stripped corn oil) or BPA (4, 40, or 400 µg/kg·body weight/day) throughout the entire duration of gestation and lactation. At 3 weeks of age, the male rat offspring were euthanized, and the hippocampus were dissected out for analysis. The expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and DNA demethylases (TET1, Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Apobec1) were analyzed in the hippocampus by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that prenatal exposure to BPA upregulated the expression of enzymes associated with DNA methylation and demethylation processes in the hippocampus of male rat offspring. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to a low dose of BPA could potentially disrupt the balance of methylation and demethylation in the hippocampus, thereby perturbing epigenetic modifications. This may represent a neurotoxicity mechanism of BPA.

Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Based Nanowire-Imprinted Membranes with High Flux for Efficient and Selective Separation of Artemisinin/Artemether.

A traditional phase transformation method is commonly used to prepare molecular imprinting membranes for selective separation. However, traditional molecularly imprinted polymers are mostly micron-sized particles, and the imprinting sites in their membrane are easily embedded, leading to a reduced adsorption capacity and decreased selectivity. In this study, an ultra-long nanowire with a diameter of about 15 nm was synthesized for the separation of artemisinin (ART), and its adsorption capacity was as high as 198.29 mg g-1 after imprinting polymerization. Molecular imprinting membranes were prepared, using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), and polysulfone (PSF) as the membrane matrix, for comparison. The average membrane pore size of PVDF-MIM was about 480 nm, and PVDF-MIM had the highest adsorption capacity (69 mg g-1) for ART. The optimal flow rate for PVDF-MIM's dynamic adsorption of ART was 7 mL min-1. Under this optimal flow rate, selectivity experiments were carried out to obtain the separation factor of PVDF-MIM (α = 8.37), which was much higher than the corresponding values of PES-MIM and PSF-MIM. In addition, the hydrophobicity and low flux of PES-MIM and PSF-MIM lead to higher non-specific adsorption. The hydrophobicity of PVDF-MIM is lower than that of PES-MIM and PSF-MIM, which greatly reduces the non-specific adsorption of the membrane, thus increasing the selectivity of the membranes. Therefore, the effective density of the imprinting sites in the pores and the membrane structure are the main factors determining the efficient separation of molecularly imprinted membranes.

Magnetic Core@Shell Fe3O4@Polypyrrole@Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Composite for Enhanced Selective Removal of Dyestuffs and Heavy Metal Ions from Complex Wastewater.

Adsorption materials have demonstrated huge potential in treating sewage; however, it is a great challenge to fabricate an adsorbent effectively adsorbing multiple dyestuffs and heavy metal ions simultaneously. Here, a magnetic core@shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole@sodium dodecyl sulfate (Fe3O4@PPy@SDS) composite is prepared through the combination of a hydrothermal method, an in situ polymerization method, and modification, exhibiting enhanced selective removal of five dyestuffs (methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), rhodamine B (RhB), Congo red (CR), acid red 1 (AR1)), and heavy metal ions (Mn(VII)). The effects of adsorbent type, time, initial concentration of the adsorbate, and temperature on adsorption performances are investigated in detail. Kinetics and isotherm studies indicate that all adsorption processes are more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, the diffusion behavior is controlled by intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion, and research of thermodynamics reveals a spontaneous endothermic behavior. The removal efficiency after five desorption-adsorption cycles can still reach more than 90%. The prepared Fe3O4@PPy@SDS composite is an efficient and promising renewable adsorbent for the treatment of dyestuffs and Mn(VII), exhibiting a wide range of applications in the field of adsorption.

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Advantages of Room Temperature Preservation of Concentrated Oocystis borgei Cultures for Use in Aquaculture.

Oocystis borgei, a microalgae species employed for regulating the quality of aquaculture water, demonstrates the capacity to adsorb noxious substances, curtail the growth of detrimental bacteria, and outcompete blooming cyanobacteria. It can be concentrated by natural sedimentation and stored at room temperature, making it costless and simple to transport and use. To study the mechanism of adaptation to room temperature preservation, O. borgei was concentrated (1.19 × 107-1.21 × 107 cell/mL) and stored for 50 days at low (5 °C, LT), normal (25 °C, NT), and high (35 °C, HT) temperatures, respectively. Polysaccharide content, lipid content, cell survival, and resuscitation were evaluated. RNA-Seq was also used to examine how concentrated O. borgei responded to temperature. During storage, there was an increase in polysaccharide content and a decrease in lipid content, with both being significantly upregulated in the LT and HT groups. Survival and cell density were highest in the NT group. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed extensive differences in transcript levels. ATP synthesis was inhibited in the LT group due to the reduced expression of PsaD, PsaE, PsaF, PsaK, and PsaL. Under HT, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was facilitated by low levels of redox-related genes (nirA) and high levels of oxidative genes (gdhA, glna, and glts). The findings suggest that storing concentrated O. borgei at room temperature is optimal for microalgae preservation, enhancing theoretical research in this field. Our study provides further theoretical and practical support for the development of O. borgei as a live ecological preparation for aquaculture microalgae ecology management.

Global burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Gallbladder and biliary diseases (GBDs) are one of the most prevalent medical issues in the digestive system. This study was designed to describe the characteristics of prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBDs during 1990-2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. METHODS: Prevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1 and a generic Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling approach. Countries and territories were categorized according to socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. RESULTS: The prevalence cases (127 345 732 to 193 493 378), death cases (82 430 to 124 941), and DALYs (4 604 821 to 6 352 738) of GBDs increased from 1990 to 2019. However, the age-standardized rates of indicators decreased over the 30-year period (prevalence, 2851.84 to 2350.78 per 100 000 population; death, 2.40 to 1.65 per 100 000 population; DALYs, 106.76 to 78.25 per 100 000 population). In 2019, the high and middle-high SDI regions had higher age-standardized prevalence rates, the low SDI region had the highest age-standardized death rate, and the middle SDI region had the highest DALYs and age-standardized DALYs rate of GBDs. Being female, older age, and high body mass index were important risk factors for the burden of GBDs. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, there were improvements in overall health with regard to GBDs over the 30 years. However, the prevention of GBDs should be promoted in middle, middle-high, and high SDI regions, while more medical resources should be provided to improve treatment levels in low SDI region.

Association of platelet count with mortality in patients with infectious diseases in intensive care unit: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Platelets play important roles in thrombosis, hemostasis, inflammation, and infection. We aimed to evaluate the association between platelet count and its variation trend and prognosis of patient with infectious diseases in intensive care units (ICUs). This retrospective cohort study extracted 4,251 critically ill adult patients with infectious diseases from the eICU Collaborative Research Database, whose platelet counts were measured daily during the first 7 days after admission. In the survivors, platelet counts decreased in the first days after admission, reached a nadir on day 3, and then returned and continued to rise above the admission value. In non-survivors, the platelet counts decreased after admission, without a subsequent upturn. We defined three subgroups according to the nadir platelet counts within 7 days: ≤50, 50-130, and ≥130 × 109/L, corresponding to high, intermediate, and low ICU mortality. A decreased platelet count was associated with increased ICU mortality (intermediate vs. low: 1.676 [1.285-2.187]; high vs. low: 3.632 [2.611-5.052]). In conclusion, during the first 7 days, platelet counts decreased after ICU admission, while increased subsequently in the survivors but not in the non-survivors. ICU mortality risk increased as nadir platelet count decreased below 130 × 109/L, and further boosted when it reached below 50 × 109/L.

Association between circadian variation of heart rate and mortality among critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Heart rate (HR) related parameters, such as HR variability, HR turbulence, resting HR, and nighttime mean HR have been recognized as independent predictors of mortality. However, the influence of circadian changes in HR on mortality remains unclear in intensive care units (ICU). The study is designed to evaluate the relationship between the circadian variation in HR and mortality risk among critically ill patients. METHODS: The present study included 4,760 patients extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II database. The nighttime mean HR/daytime mean HR ratio was adopted as the circadian variation in HR. According to the median value of the circadian variation in HR, participants were divided into two groups: group A (≤ 1) and group B (> 1). The outcomes included ICU, hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortalities. The prognostic value of HR circadian variation was investigated by multivariable logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Patients in group B (n = 2,471) had higher mortality than those in group A (n = 2,289). Multivariable models revealed that the higher circadian variation in HR was associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.393; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.112-1.745; P = 0.004), hospital mortality (OR, 1.393; 95% CI, 1.112-1.745; P = 0.004), 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 1.260; 95% CI, 1.064-1.491; P = 0.007), and 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.207; 95% CI, 1.057-1.378; P = 0.005), especially in patients with higher SOFA scores. CONCLUSIONS: The circadian variation in HR might aid in the early identification of critically ill patients at high risk of associated with ICU, hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortalities.

Association between IL1RL1 gene polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis risk in the Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: Although it has been confirmed that IL1RL1 is involved in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR), the role of IL1RL1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AR is still unclear. METHODS: We performed a case-control study including 1000 AR patients and 1000 healthy controls. The four SNPs rs72823628 G > A, rs950881 G > T, rs72823641 T > A and rs3771175 T > A in IL1RL1 were chosen and genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform. The relationship between IL1RL1 SNPs and AR risk was analyzed by logistic regression and assessed with odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: Overall analysis revealed that IL1RL1 gene rs72823628, rs950881 and rs3771175 were associated with a reduced AR risk. Stratified analysis showed that the three SNPs (rs72823628, rs950881 and rs3771175) were obviously linked to a reduced risk of AR in males. Moreover, no correlation was observed between haplotypes and reduced AR risk after the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. The false positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was used to further validate significant findings. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to indicate that IL1RL1 gene polymorphisms (rs72823628, rs950881 and rs3771175) may be correlated with decreased risk of AR in the Chinese Han population.

Two new triterpenoids from the fruits of Aphanamixis polystachya.

Two new triucallane triterpenoids, polystanin F (1) and polystanin G (2), along with eight known compounds (3-10) were isolated from the fruits of Aphanamixis polystachya. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Moreover, eight compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (liver cancer RT112, colon cancer HCT-116 and breast cancer M231) using the MTT method. Compound 7 showed significant cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 with IC50 1.27 µM.

Association between processed red meat intake and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study from China.

Aim: To explore the association between Processed red meat (PRM) consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Dietary survey, physical measurement, and blood biochemical examination were conducted on 316 patients with type 2 diabetes in Bengbu, China from May to July 2019. Possible confounding factors were identified by comparing between-group variability in the baseline table. To eliminate the effect of confounding factors, subgroup analysis was used to explore whether there were differences in the correlation between PRM intake status and the indicators in cardiovascular disease risk factors. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between PRM and the risk of abnormal levels of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM patients. Restricted cubic spline plots were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between PRM intake and the indicators of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Results: A total of 316 subjects were included in the study, of whom 139 (44.0%) were male and 177 (56.0%) were female. In the multiplicative interaction, there was an effect modifier for smoking (Pinteraction = 0.033) on the association between PRM intake and the risk of substandard FPG level control; sex (Pinteraction = 0.035), smoking status (Pinteraction = 0.017), and alcohol consumption (Pinteraction = 0.046) had effect modifying effects on the association between PRM intake and risk of abnormal systolic blood pressure. Sex (Pinteraction = 0.045) had an effect modifier on the association of PRM intake status with the risk of diastolic blood pressure abnormality. In addition, age had an effect modifier on the association of PRM intake status with risk of abnormal triglyceride index (Pinteraction = 0.004) and risk of abnormal HDL index (Pinteraction = 0.018). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, logistic regression showed that the OR for substandard HbA1c control in patients in the highest PRM intake group, T3 (3.4 ~ 57.2 g/d), was 1.620-fold higher than in the lowest intake, i.e., the no-intake group, T1 (0.0 ~ 0.0 g/d; OR = 2.620; 95% CI 1.198 ~ 5.732; p = 0.016). Whereas the OR for abnormal control of systolic blood pressure levels was 1.025 times higher (OR = 2.025; 95% CI 1.033 ~ 3.968; p = 0.040) in patients in the PRM low intake group T2 (0.1 ~ 3.3 g/d) than in the non-intake group T1 (0.0 ~ 0.0 g/d), the OR for substandard control of systolic blood pressure in patients in the highest group T3 (3.4 ~ 57.2 g/d) was 1.166 times higher than in the no-intake group T1 (OR = 2.166; 95% CI 1.007 ~ 4.660; p = 0.048). The OR for abnormal TG levels in patients in the highest PRM intake group T3 (3.4 ~ 57.2 g/d) was 1.095 times higher than in the no-intake group T1 (OR = 2.095; 95% CI 1.076 ~ 4.078; p = 0.030). Restricted cubic spline plots presented a nonlinear dose-response relationship between PRM intake and risk of substandard HbA1c and SBP control (P nonlinear <0.05), and an atypical inverted U-shaped association between PRM intake and TC and LDL-C levels (P nonlinear <0.05). The strength of the associations between PRM intake and the control levels of FPG, DBP, HDL-C, and TG were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: PRM intake was generally low in patients with T2DM, but a nonlinear dose-response relationship between PRM intake and the risk of suboptimal control of HbA1c and SBP, with an atypical inverted U-shaped association with TC and LDL-C levels, was observed. Appropriate control of PRM intake may be important for tertiary prevention of T2DM and cardiovascular disease prevention. We need to better understand these relationships to promote improved cardiometabolism and global health.

Corrigendum: Dietary intervention improves metabolic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes through the gut microbiota: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1243095.].

Tuning the circularly polarized phosphorescence of platinum(II) complexes through a chiral cation strategy.

Circularly polarized phosphorescent (CPP) materials, especially chiral platinum(II) complexes, which combine the advantages of both circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and phosphorescence, show broad potential applications in chiral optoelectronic devices. Developing CPP emitters with both excellent chiroptical properties and high yield is urgently needed. Here, a chiral cation strategy is employed to construct the CPP Pt(II) complexes R/S-ABA·[Pt(ppy)Cl2] and R/S-MBA·[Pt(ppy)Cl2] through a simple one-step reaction with almost 100% yield. The circular dichroism and CPL spectra confirm that the chirality was successfully transferred to the [Pt(ppy)Cl2]- anion. The luminescence asymmetry factors (glum) are +1.4/-1.8 × 10-3 for R/S-ABA·[Pt(ppy)Cl2] and +4.4/-2.8 × 10-3 for R/S-MBA·[Pt(ppy)Cl2]. The stronger chiroptical property of R/S-MBA·[Pt(ppy)Cl2] is attributed to the enhanced chiral structural deformation and better matched electric and magnetic transition dipole moments. This chiral cation strategy is confirmed to efficiently construct CPP Pt(II) complexes, which will accelerate the development of CPP emitters towards commercialization.

A causal relationship between educational attainment and risk of infectious diseases: A Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Previous observational studies have investigated the association between educational attainment and sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, their findings have been susceptible to reverse causality and confounding factors. Furthermore, no study has examined the effect of educational level on the risk of infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (SSTIs). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between educational level and the risk of four infectious diseases using Mendelian randomisation (MR) techniques. Methods: We used univariable MR analysis to investigate the causal associations between educational attainment (years of schooling (n = 766 345) and holding college or university degree (n = 334 070)) and four infectious diseases (sepsis (n = 486 484), pneumonia (n = 486 484), UTIs (n = 463 010), and SSTIs (n = 218 792)). We included genetic instrumental variables with a genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) in the study. We used inverse variance-weighted estimation in the primary analysis and explored the stability of the results using multivariable MR analysis after adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Results: Genetically predicted years of schooling were associated with a reduced risk of sepsis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.763; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.668-0.870, P = 5.525 × 10-5), pneumonia (OR = 0.637; 95% CI = 0.577-0.702, P = 1.875 × 10-19), UTIs (OR = 0.995; 95% CI = 0.993-0.997, P = 1.229 × 10-5), and SSTIs (OR = 0.696; 95% CI = 0.605-0.801, P = 4.034 × 10-7). We observed consistent results for the correlation between qualifications and infectious diseases. These findings remained stable in the multivariable MR analyses. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased educational attainment may be causally associated with a decreased risk of sepsis, pneumonia, UTIs, and SSTIs.

A nomogram for predicting the risk of cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients based on a scientific symptom model.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a significant clinical challenge observed in patients with breast cancer, manifesting during or after treatment. This impairment leads to deteriorations in memory, processing speed, attention, and executive functioning, which profoundly impact patients' occupational performance, daily living activities, and overall quality of life. Grounded in the Symptom Science Model 2.0, this study investigates the contributing factors to Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients and develops a predictive nomogram for this demographic. Employing both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, this investigation delineates the predictive factors influencing outcomes in breast cancer patients. A nomogram was constructed leveraging these identified predictive factors, accompanied by internal validation through bootstrap resampling methodology (1000 bootstrap samples). The efficacy of the predictive model was assessed by employing the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and calibration curves. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients was identified to be 45.83%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the independent predictors of Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients as place of residence, educational level, chemotherapy, benefit finding, post-traumatic growth, anxiety, fear of cancer progression, and fasting blood glucose levels. these factors were integrated into the nomogram. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated that the prediction model was appropriately calibrated (χ2 = 11.520, P = 0.174). Furthermore, the model exhibited an area under the curve of 0.955 (95% CI 0.939 to 0.971) and a sensitivity of 0.906, evidencing its robust discriminative capacity and accuracy. Utilizing the Symptom Science Model 2.0 as a framework, this study comprehensively examines the multifaceted factors influencing Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients, spanning five critical domains: complex symptoms, phenotypic characterization, biobehavioral factors, social determinants of health, and patient-centered experiences. A predictive nomogram model was established, demonstrating satisfactory predictive accuracy and capability. This model is capable of identifying breast cancer patients with cognitive impairments with high precision. The findings furnish empirical evidence in support of the early detection, diagnosis, and intervention strategies for high-risk breast cancer patients afflicted with Cancer-related cognitive impairment.

Possible pharmacological targets and mechanisms of sivelestat in protecting acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a life-threatening syndrome induced by various diseases, including COVID-19. In the progression of ALI/ARDS, activated neutrophils play a central role by releasing various inflammatory mediators, including elastase. Sivelestat is a selective and competitive inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. Although its protective effects on attenuating ALI/ARDS have been confirmed in several models of lung injury, clinical trials have presented inconsistent results on its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, in this report, we used a network pharmacology approach coupled with animal experimental validation to unravel the concrete therapeutic targets and biological mechanisms of sivelestat in treating ALI/ARDS. In bioinformatic analyses, we found 118 targets of sivelestat against ALI/ARDS, and identified six hub genes essential for sivelestat treatment of ALI/ARDS, namely ERBB2, GRB2, PTK2, PTPN11, ESR1, and CCND1. We also found that sivelestat targeted several genes expressed in human lung microvascular endothelial cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment at 4 h (ICAM-1, PTGS2, RND1, BCL2A1, TNF, CA2, and ADORA2A), 8 h (ICAM-1, PTGS2, RND1, BCL2A1, MMP1, BDKRB1 and SLC40A1), and 24 h (ICAM-1). Further animal experiments showed that sivelestat was able to attenuate LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the overexpression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and PTGS2 and increasing the phosphorylation of PTK2. Taken together, the bioinformatic findings and experimentative data indicate that the therapeutic effects of sivelestat against ALI/ARDS mainly focus on the early stage of ALI/ARDS by pharmacological modulation of inflammatory reaction, vascular endothelial injury, and cell apoptosis-related molecules.

Biochar co-pyrolyzed from peanut shells and maize straw improved soil biochemical properties, rice yield, and reduced cadmium mobilization and accumulation by rice: Biogeochemical investigations.

Biochar is an eco-friendly amendment for the remediation of soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd). However, little attention has been paid to the influence and underlying mechanisms of the co-pyrolyzed biochar on the bioavailability and uptake of Cd in paddy soils. The current study explored the effects of biochar co-pyrolyzed from peanut shells (P) and maize straw (M) at different mixing ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 0:1, 2:1 and 3:1, w/w), on the bacterial community and Cd fractionation in paddy soil, and its uptake by rice plant. Biochar addition, particularly P1M3 (P/M 1:3), significantly elevated soil pH and cation exchange capacity, transferred the mobile Cd to the residual fraction, and reduced Cd availability in the rhizosphere soil. P1M3 application decreased the concentration of Cd in different rice tissues (root, stem, leaf, and grain) by 30.0%- 49.4%, compared to the control. Also, P1M3 enhanced the microbial diversity indices and relative abundance of iron-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. Moreover, P1M3 was more effective in promoting the formation of iron plaque, increasing the Cd sequestration by iron plaque than other treatments. Consequently, the highest yield and lowest Cd accumulation in rice were observed following P1M3 application. This study revealed the feasibility of applying P1M3 for facilitating paddy soils contaminated with Cd.