The changing face of prosthetic valve endocarditis at a tertiary-care hospital: 1986-2005.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in the clinical characteristics, etiology and prognosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis at a tertiary-care hospital. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with prosthetic valve endocarditis using modified Duke criteria between 1986 and 2005. The analysis covered two time periods: January 1986 to December 1995 (P1) and January 1996 to December 2005 (P2). RESULTS: In total, 133 episodes of endocarditis occurred in 122 patients. Of these, 73 (54.9%) were diagnosed in P1 and 60 (45.1%) in P2, with incidences of 2.19% and 2.18%, respectively. The patients' mean age (SD) was 52.6+/-16.6 years in P1 and 66.2+/-11.5 years in P2 (P=.0001). Clinical characteristics were similar in the two study periods. The increase in Enterococcus infection was remarkable (12.5% in P2 vs. 4.9% in P1; relative risk [RR]=2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-9.6), as was the decrease in viridans group Streptococcus infection (12.5% in P2 vs. 31.1% in P1; RR=0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9). Some 90.4% of patients (63/73) underwent surgery in P1, while 68.3% (41/60) underwent surgery in P2. The difference was significant (RR=0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9). The in-hospital mortality rate was 28.8% in P1 and 30% in P2 (RR=1; 95% CI, 0.6-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the epidemiology and microbiological etiology of prosthetic valve endocarditis were observed over the 20-year study period. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches also changed, but mortality remained high.

Cambios en el perfil de la endocarditis sobre válvula protésica en un hospital de tercer nivel: 1986-2005 / The changing face of prosthetic valve endocarditis at a tertiary-care hospital: 1986-2005

Introducción y objetivos. Estudiar la evolución de las características clínicas, la etiología y el pronóstico de la endocarditis sobre válvula protésica en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de endocarditis sobre válvula protésica desde 1986 a 2005 según los criterios de Duke modificados. Se analizaron dos periodos temporales: enero de 1986 a diciembre de 1995 (P1) y enero de1996 a diciembre de 2005 (P2).Resultados. Se estudiaron 133 episodios en 122 pacientes. En 73 episodios (54,9%) la endocarditis fue diagnosticada en el P1 y en 60 (45,1%), en el P2 (incidencia del 2,19 y el 2,18% respectivamente). La edad, media ± desviación estándar, fue de 52,6 ± 16,6 años en el P1 y 66,2 ± 11,5 años en el P2 (p = 0,0001). Las características clínicas fueron similares en ambos periodos de estudio. Fue llamativo el incremento de infecciones por enterococo (el 12,5% en el P2 y el 4,9% en elP1; riesgo relativo [RR] = 2,5; intervalo de confianza [IC]del 95%, 0,7-9,6) así como el descenso de las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo viridans (el 12,5% en el P2 y el 31,1% en el P1; RR = 0,4; IC del 95%, 0,2-0,9). Los pacientes intervenidos en el P1 fueron el 90,4%(63/73), mientras que en el P2 fueron el 68,3% (41/60),diferencias que resultaron estadísticamente significativas(RR = 0,8; IC del 95%, 0,6-0,9). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 28,8% en el P1 y el 30% en el P2 (RR = 1;IC del 95%, 0,6-1,7).Conclusiones. Durante los 20 años de estudio, se ha observado un cambio en la epidemiología y la etiología microbiológica de la endocarditis sobre válvula protésica. El abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico también se ha modificado, aunque la mortalidad se ha mantenido elevada (AU)

Introduction and objectives. To investigate changes in the clinical characteristics, etiology and prognosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis at a tertiary-care hospital. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with prosthetic valve endocarditis using modified Duke criteria between 1986 and 2005. The analysis covered two time periods: January 1986 to December 1995 (P1) and January 1996 to December 2005 (P2).Results. In total, 133 episodes of endocarditis occurred in 122 patients. Of these, 73 (54.9%) were diagnosed in P1and 60 (45.1%) in P2, with incidences of 2.19% and 2.18%,respectively. The patients’ mean age (SD) was 52.6±16.6years in P1 and 66.2±11.5 years in P2 (P=.0001). Clinical characteristics were similar in the two study periods. The increase in Enterococcus infection was remarkable (12.5%in P2 vs. 4.9% in P1; relative risk [RR]=2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-9.6), as was the decrease in viridans group Streptococcus infection (12.5% in P2 vs. 31.1% in P1;RR=0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9). Some 90.4% of patients (63/73)underwent surgery in P1, while 68.3% (41/60) underwent surgery in P2. The difference was significant (RR=0.8; 95%CI, 0.6-0.9). The in-hospital mortality rate was 28.8% in P1and 30% in P2 (RR=1; 95% CI, 0.6-1.7).Conclusions. Changes in the epidemiology and microbiological etiology of prosthetic valve endocarditis were observed over the 20-year study period. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches also changed, but mortality remained high (AU)