SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and XAG identification during routine surveillance on a university campus in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2022.

We report SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance results between Belo Horizonte, Brazil's third and fourth case waves. Samples were obtained through a routine university monitoring COVID-19 program from the 9th to the 22nd epidemiological weeks (March and June 2022). We identified ten samples from the BA.1 clade (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.1.14.1 lineages) and 45 samples from the BA.2 clade (BA.2, BA.2.56, BA.2.9, BA.2.62, BA.2.23, BA.2.81, and BA.2.10). We observed progressive replacement of the BA.1 by the BA.2 clade. Furthermore, two XAG recombinants were found in the 22nd week. Diversification of the omicron variant seems to have contributed to the resurgence of cases in Belo Horizonte, similarly to what has been reported in South Africa.

Comparative PCR-based diagnosis for the detection of Leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs.

The applicability of molecular biology/PCR for canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis presents challenges, mainly due to the diversity of targets described. The objectives of this study were to compare the sensitivities and reliability of five targets (kDNA/120, kDNA/145, ITS1, hsp70/234 and hsp70/1300) in four different tissue samples (bone marrow, popliteal lymph node, skin and conjunctival swab). Sixty-five dogs (32 males and 33 females) naturally infected with Leishmania infantum and ten dogs without infection were examined. Dogs were characterized by serological and parasitological methods. The parasitological test was considered the gold standard for analysis. All tests presented high specificity 100% (95% CI 0.72-1), and variable sensitivity. The targets kDNA/145, ITS1, kDNA/120, hsp70/234 and hsp70/1300 detected 100% (65/65), 93.4% (61/65), 92.3% (60/65), 84.61% (55/65) and 72.3% (77/65) of positive animals respectively. The performance of PCR methods was analyzed in two different scenarios. The highest sensitivity value identified in all scenarios studied was kDNA/145. Our results suggest that popliteal lymph node and conjunctival swab samples, besides being less invasive collections, represent a good substratum for PCR-based diagnosis, and the target kDNA/145 is the best choice for detecting L. infantum DNA in naturally infected dogs.

Incidência de tuberculose pulmonar na população indígena Xakriabá, Minas Gerais / Incidence of pulmonar tuberculosis in the indigenous Xakriabá, Minas Gerais

Introdução: a população indígena brasileira permanece vulnerável à tuberculose pulmonar (TB). Objetivo: relatar a incidência de (TB) na população indígena Xakriabá (N=7.046) residente em Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2011. Métodos: sintomáticos respiratórios foram identificados através de busca ativa por agentes comunitários de saúde indígena treinados. A TB foi investigada pelo exame clínico, baciloscopia e cultura de amostras de escarro dos sujeitos sintomáticos. A identificação de espécies pela sonda PRAhsp65 e o teste de sensibilidade a quimioterápicos foram realizados nas amostras positivas. Resultados: amostras de escarro de 273 de 315 sintomáticos respiratórios foram examinadas. 176 pessoas (70 homens, 10 a 86 anos) foram examinadas. Uma amostra teve baciloscopia positiva e quatro foram positivas para Mycobacterium tuberculosis em cultura (incidência: 56,8/100mil hab). Conclusões: a incidência de TB na população Xakriabá (56,8/100mil hab) é maior que a da população geral no Brasil.

Incidence of TB diagnosed in the emergency room of a teaching hospital in southeastern Brazil.

In this study, we analyzed the number of TB cases in an emergency room (ER) and the susceptibility profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Patients were selected from among those treated at the Hospital das Clínicas, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Between 2002 and 2005, 240 TB patients were identified. Of those, 117 patients (48.7%) were diagnosed in the ER, 72 (61.5%) presenting positive sputum smear microscopy. Drug susceptibility testing was carried out in 90 strains, of which 80 (89%) were sensitive, 9 (10%) were resistant, and 1 (1%) was multidrug resistant. The incidence of positive smear sputum microscopy and resistant TB strains was high, which calls for the immediate adoption of TB control measures in the ER.

Incidência de TB diagnosticada no pronto-atendimento de um hospital escola na região sudeste do Brasil / Incidence of TB diagnosed in the emergency room of a teaching hospital in southeastern Brazil

Neste trabalho, analisamos o número de casos de TB em um pronto-atendimento (PA) e o perfil de sensibilidade das cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pacientes atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas, em Belo Horizonte (MG), foram selecionados. Entre 2002 e 2005, 240 pacientes com TB foram identificados. Destes, 117 (48,7 por cento) foram diagnosticados no PA, 72 (61,5 por cento) com baciloscopia positiva. Testes de sensibilidade foram realizados em 90 cepas, sendo 80 (89 por cento) sensíveis, 9 (10 por cento) resistentes e 1 (1 por cento) multirresistente. A incidência de baciloscopia positiva e de TB resistente foi elevada, o que demanda uma adoção urgente de medidas de controle de TB no PA.

In this study, we analyzed the number of TB cases in an emergency room (ER) and the susceptibility profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Patients were selected from among those treated at the Hospital das Clínicas, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Between 2002 and 2005, 240 TB patients were identified. Of those, 117 patients (48.7 percent) were diagnosed in the ER, 72 (61.5 percent) presenting positive sputum smear microscopy. Drug susceptibility testing was carried out in 90 strains, of which 80 (89 percent) were sensitive, 9 (10 percent) were resistant, and 1 (1 percent) was multidrug resistant. The incidence of positive smear sputum microscopy and resistant TB strains was high, which calls for the immediate adoption of TB control measures in the ER.