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1.
Mol Reprod Dev ; 90(12): 810-823, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37671983

RESUMO

This study assessed the histones methylation profile (H3K4me3 and H3K9me3) in late preantral (PA) and early antral (EA) caprine follicles grown in vivo and in vitro, and the anethole effect during in vitro culture of PA follicles. Uncultured in vivo-grown follicles (PA, n = 64; EA, n = 73) were used as controls to assess the methylation profile and genes' expression related to apoptosis cascade (BAX, proapoptotic; BCL2, antiapoptotic), steroidogenesis (CYP17, CYP19A1), and demethylation (KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, KDM3A). The isolated PA follicles (n = 174) were cultured in vitro for 6 days in α-MEM+ in either absence (control) or presence of anethole. After culture, EA follicles were evaluated for methylation, mRNA abundance, and morphometry. Follicle diameter increased after culture, regardless of treatment. The methylation profile and the mRNA abundance were similar between in vivo-grown PA and EA follicles. Anethole treatment led to higher H3K4me3 fluorescence intensity in EA follicles. The mRNA abundances of BAX, CYP17, and CYP19A1 were higher, and BCL2 and KDM3A were lower in in vitro-grown EA follicles than in vivo-grown follicles. In conclusion, in vitro follicle culture affected H3K4me3 fluorescence intensity, mRNA abundance of apoptotic genes, and steroidogenic and demethylase enzymes compared with in vivo-grown follicles.


Assuntos
Cabras , Lisina , Animais , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Cabras/metabolismo , Histonas , Esteroide 17-alfa-Hidroxilase/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Oócitos/metabolismo
2.
Zygote ; 30(6): 882-890, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36148786

RESUMO

This study aims to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on bovine oocyte maturation, mitochondrial activity and transzonal projections (TZP), as well as on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and messenger RNA (mRNA) for catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), periredoxin-6 (Prdx6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF9), histone H1Foo, cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and c-Mos. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) of medium-sized antral follicles (3.0-6.0 mm) were prematured in TCM-199 for 8 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2. After prematuration in the presence of forskolin and C-type natriuretic peptide, COCs were matured in TCM-199 alone or with 0.1, 0.5 or 2.5 mM NAC. Then, oocytes were classified according to the stage of chromatin. Furthermore, mitochondrial activity and intracellular levels of ROS and TZP were also evaluated. The levels of mRNAs for CAT, SOD, Prdx6, GPx, GDF9, H1Foo, CCNB1 and c-Mos were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that NAC significantly increased the percentages of oocytes with resumption of meiosis when compared with those oocytes matured in control medium. Oocytes had homogeneous mitochondrial distribution, and those cultured with 0.1 and 0.5 mM NAC had lower levels of ROS when compared with the control. In addition, 0.5 mM NAC reduced TZP and the levels of mRNA for CCNB1. In contrast, NAC did not influence the expression of CAT, GPx, Prdx6, SOD, GDF9, H1Foo, and c-Mos. In conclusion, 0.5 mM NAC reduced the levels of ROS, TZP and mRNA for CCNB1, and improved in vitro resumption of meiosis in oocytes from medium-sized bovine antral follicles.


Assuntos
Acetilcisteína , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Bovinos , Animais , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/métodos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Acetilcisteína/metabolismo , Oócitos , Meiose , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
3.
Euro Surveill ; 26(2)2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33446304

RESUMO

The European monitoring of excess mortality for public health action (EuroMOMO) network monitors weekly excess all-cause mortality in 27 European countries or subnational areas. During the first wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Europe in spring 2020, several countries experienced extraordinarily high levels of excess mortality. Europe is currently seeing another upsurge in COVID-19 cases, and EuroMOMO is again witnessing a substantial excess all-cause mortality attributable to COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19/mortalidade , Mortalidade/tendências , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Causas de Morte , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Sistemas Computacionais , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto Jovem
4.
Mol Reprod Dev ; 87(9): 966-977, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32761832

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the role of anethole during the in vitro culture of caprine early antral follicles. Early antral follicles were isolated from caprine ovaries and cultured for 18 days without (control) or with anethole (300 µg/ml). After culture, the cumulus-oocyte complexes were subjected to in vitro maturation, followed by parthenogenetic activation or in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo culture. Follicular walls were used for the quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) of CYP19A1, CYP17, MMP-9, TIMP-2, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes, and culture medium was used for evaluation of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and estradiol levels. After in vitro follicle culture (IVFC), anethole induced higher total antioxidant capacity, that is, it produced higher FRAP levels, reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increased the levels of mRNA for CYP19A1 and CYP17, which was associated with a greater estradiol production (p < .05). Also, anethole improved the ability of oocytes to resume meiosis and reach metaphase II stage, as well as yielded higher (p < .05) embryo production (e.g., morulas and blastocysts) in both parthenogenetic activation and IVF techniques. One pregnancy (Day 30) was obtained from IVFC with anethole. In conclusion, anethole promoted in vitro growth and maturation of goat early antral follicles and oocytes and enabled embryo production. Furthermore, this study reports, for the first time in goats, a pregnancy after IVF using oocytes originated from early antral follicles grown in vitro.


Assuntos
Derivados de Alilbenzenos/farmacologia , Anisóis/farmacologia , Cabras/fisiologia , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/biossíntese , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Folículo Ovariano , Prenhez , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/métodos , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Oócitos/citologia , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oócitos/fisiologia , Oogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Oogênese/fisiologia , Folículo Ovariano/citologia , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Gravidez
5.
Euro Surveill ; 25(26)2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32643601

RESUMO

A remarkable excess mortality has coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. We present preliminary pooled estimates of all-cause mortality for 24 European countries/federal states participating in the European monitoring of excess mortality for public health action (EuroMOMO) network, for the period March-April 2020. Excess mortality particularly affected ≥ 65 year olds (91% of all excess deaths), but also 45-64 (8%) and 15-44 year olds (1%). No excess mortality was observed in 0-14 year olds.


Assuntos
Causas de Morte/tendências , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Coronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Surtos de Doenças , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade/tendências , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Vigilância da População , Dados Preliminares , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto Jovem
6.
J Public Health (Oxf) ; 41(3): 511-517, 2019 09 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30239797

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Health Examination Surveys interview information is complemented with objective information, providing more accurate indicators than self-reported data. We report the study design, planning and implementation of the first Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF). METHODS: INSEF was a cross-sectional population-based study representative at regional and national level. Individuals aged between 25 and 74 years old, residing in Portugal were selected from the national health users' registry through multi-stage stratified probabilistic sampling. Sample size was set at 4200 individuals. Data was collected in primary care units and included blood pressure, height, weight, hip and waist measurements, blood collection for lipid profile, HbA1c and blood count and a general health questionnaire. European HES procedures were followed. RESULTS: A total of 4911 individuals agreed to participate (43.9% participation rate). Participation rate varied by region, sex and age group, being lower in Lisbon and Tagus Valley (32.8%), for men (41.8%) and for those aged 25-34 years old (36%). CONCLUSIONS: INSEF has set up an experienced national and regional structure for HES implementation. Nationally representative quality epidemiological data is now available for public health monitoring, planning and research.


Assuntos
Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/métodos , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Geografia , Testes Hematológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal , Desenvolvimento de Programas
7.
Cell Biol Int ; 42(6): 664-669, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29384231

RESUMO

The mitochondrial respiratory chain in vertebrates and arthropods is different from that of most other eukaryotes because they lack alternative enzymes that provide electron transfer pathways additional to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. However, the use of diverse experimental models, such as human cells in culture, Drosophila melanogaster and the mouse, has demonstrated that the transgenic expression of these alternative enzymes can impact positively many phenotypes associated with human mitochondrial and other cellular dysfunction, including those typically presented in complex IV deficiencies, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. In addition, these enzymes have recently provided extremely valuable data on how, when, and where reactive oxygen species, considered by many as "by-products" of OXPHOS, can contribute to animal longevity. It has also been shown that the expression of the alternative enzymes is thermogenic in cultured cells, causes reproductive defects in flies, and enhances the deleterious phenotype of some mitochondrial disease models. Therefore, all the reported beneficial effects must be considered with caution, as these enzymes have been proposed to be deployed in putative gene therapies to treat human diseases. Here, we present a brief review of the scientific data accumulated over the past decade that show the benefits and the risks of introducing alternative branches of the electron transport into mammalian and insect mitochondria, and we provide a perspective on the future of this research field.


Assuntos
Animais Geneticamente Modificados/metabolismo , Complexo de Proteínas da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Translocador 1 do Nucleotídeo Adenina/genética , Translocador 1 do Nucleotídeo Adenina/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Complexo de Proteínas da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Humanos , NADH Desidrogenase/genética , NADH Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fosforilação Oxidativa , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
8.
Nature ; 489(7415): 263-8, 2012 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22922647

RESUMO

Organisms that protect their germ-cell lineages from damage often do so at considerable cost: limited metabolic resources become partitioned away from maintenance of the soma, leaving the ageing somatic tissues to navigate survival amid an environment containing damaged and poorly functioning proteins. Historically, experimental paradigms that limit reproductive investment result in lifespan extension. We proposed that germline-deficient animals might exhibit heightened protection from proteotoxic stressors in somatic tissues. We find that the forced re-investment of resources from the germ line to the soma in Caenorhabditis elegans results in elevated somatic proteasome activity, clearance of damaged proteins and increased longevity. This activity is associated with increased expression of rpn-6, a subunit of the 19S proteasome, by the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. Ectopic expression of rpn-6 is sufficient to confer proteotoxic stress resistance and extend lifespan, indicating that rpn-6 is a candidate to correct deficiencies in age-related protein homeostasis disorders.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Longevidade/fisiologia , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Caenorhabditis elegans/citologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Separação Celular , Feminino , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células Germinativas/citologia , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Homeostase/efeitos da radiação , Longevidade/genética , Longevidade/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , Mutação/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/química , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/genética , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Raios Ultravioleta
9.
Reprod Fertil Dev ; 30(3): 459-468, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28784201

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of fresh and vitrified agouti ovarian tissue after xenografting to C57Bl/6 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) female mice. Ovaries were obtained from five female agoutis and divided into 16 fragments. Five fragments were transplanted immediately to ovariectomised SCID mice and the others were vitrified, stored for 2 weeks and transplanted only after rewarming. Tissue fragments were transplanted under the kidney capsule in recipients. The return of ovarian activity in recipients was monitored by the observation of external signs of oestrus and vaginal cytology over a period of 40 days after transplantation, after which the grafts were removed and evaluated for morphology, cell proliferation and the occurrence of DNA fragmentation. Ovarian activity returned in four of five mice that received fresh ovarian tissue from agoutis and in one of six mice that had received vitrified tissue a mean (±s.e.m.) 20.6±8.6 days after xenotransplantation. After graft removal, a predominance of primordial and primary follicles was observed in all grafts. Vitrification reduced cell proliferation and increased the occurrence of DNA fragmentation in grafted agouti ovarian tissue. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that xenografted agouti ovarian tissue, fresh or vitrified, is able to promote the return of ovarian activity in ovariectomised SCID C57B1/6 mice. However, improvements to vitrification protocols for agouti ovarian tissue are necessary.


Assuntos
Criopreservação , Preservação da Fertilidade/métodos , Ovariectomia , Ovário/transplante , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Fragmentação do DNA , Ciclo Estral , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Xenoenxertos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos SCID , Ovário/metabolismo , Ovário/patologia , Gravidez , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Fatores de Tempo , Vitrificação
10.
Reprod Fertil Dev ; 30(2): 359-370, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28768567

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability, antrum formation and in vitro development of isolated secondary follicles from vitrified caprine ovarian cortex in a medium previously established for fresh isolated secondary follicles, in the absence (α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM+) alone) or presence of FSH and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; α-MEM++FSH+VEGF). Ovarian fragments were distributed among five treatments (T1 to T5): fresh follicles were fixed immediately (T1), follicles from fresh tissue were cultured in vitro in α-MEM+ (T2) or α-MEM++FSH+VEGF (T3) and follicles from vitrified tissue were cultured in vitro in α-MEM+ (T4) or α-MEM++FSH+VEGF (T5). After 6 days of culture, treated follicles (T2, T3, T4 and T5) were evaluated for morphology, viability and follicular development (growth, antrum formation and proliferation of granulosa cells by Ki67 and argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) staining). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the culture media were also assessed. Overall, morphology of vitrified follicles was altered (P<0.05) compared with the fresh follicles. Follicular viability, antrum formation and ROS were similar between treatments (P>0.05). The average overall and daily follicular growth was highest (P<0.05) in T3. Granulosa cells in all treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) stained positive for Ki67. However, fresh follicles from T3 had significantly higher AgNOR staining (P<0.05) compared with follicles of T1, T2, T4 and T5. In conclusion, secondary follicles can be isolated from vitrified and warmed ovarian cortex and survive and form an antrum when growing in an in vitro culture for 6 days.


Assuntos
Criopreservação/veterinária , Cabras/embriologia , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Ovário/citologia , Animais , Antígenos Nucleares/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Forma Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/farmacologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/farmacologia , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Ovariano/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/farmacologia
11.
Cryobiology ; 84: 95-97, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30125538

RESUMO

We evaluated the effects of the vitrification solution (i.e., ethylene glycol (EG) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with or without propylene glycol (PG)) and of exposure time on the re-expansion and hatching rates of vitrified Bos indicus embryos. In vitro produced embryos (n = 1050) were divided into seven groups: control group (non-vitrified embryos) and six vitrification groups with different cryoprotectant concentrations and exposure times. After vitrification, embryos were cultured for determination of re-expansion and hatching rates. Vitrification with 25% DMSO +25% EG (exposure for 1 min and 20 s) resulted in the highest re-expansion (65.2%) and hatching (68.2%) rates. The lowest re-expansion and hatching rates were observed in vitrification with 12.5% DMSO + 25% EG + 12.5% PG with both tested exposure times (i.e., 3 min + 1 min and 1 min + 20 s). A combination of DMSO + EG is efficient to preserve blastocysts, especially following a short exposure time.


Assuntos
Blastocisto/efeitos dos fármacos , Criopreservação/métodos , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Vitrificação , Animais , Bovinos , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Etilenoglicol/farmacologia , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro , Propilenoglicol/farmacologia
12.
Nature ; 470(7334): 404-8, 2011 Feb 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21331044

RESUMO

Activating AMPK or inactivating calcineurin slows ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans and both have been implicated as therapeutic targets for age-related pathology in mammals. However, the direct targets that mediate their effects on longevity remain unclear. In mammals, CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs) are a family of cofactors involved in diverse physiological processes including energy homeostasis, cancer and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Here we show that both AMPK and calcineurin modulate longevity exclusively through post-translational modification of CRTC-1, the sole C. elegans CRTC. We demonstrate that CRTC-1 is a direct AMPK target, and interacts with the CREB homologue-1 (CRH-1) transcription factor in vivo. The pro-longevity effects of activating AMPK or deactivating calcineurin decrease CRTC-1 and CRH-1 activity and induce transcriptional responses similar to those of CRH-1 null worms. Downregulation of crtc-1 increases lifespan in a crh-1-dependent manner and directly reducing crh-1 expression increases longevity, substantiating a role for CRTCs and CREB in ageing. Together, these findings indicate a novel role for CRTCs and CREB in determining lifespan downstream of AMPK and calcineurin, and illustrate the molecular mechanisms by which an evolutionarily conserved pathway responds to low energy to increase longevity.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Calcineurina/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Longevidade/fisiologia , Transativadores/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Animais , Caenorhabditis elegans/enzimologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/biossíntese , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/química , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Inibidores de Calcineurina , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/biossíntese , Regulação para Baixo , Metabolismo Energético , Ativação Enzimática , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Longevidade/genética , Fosforilação , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Transativadores/química , Transativadores/deficiência , Transativadores/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Transcrição Gênica
13.
Reprod Fertil Dev ; 29(3): 594-602, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28442066

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to characterise the ovarian preantral follicle (PF) population and to establish a solid surface vitrification (SSV) process using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant for preservation of ovarian tissue from yellow-toothed cavies (Galea spixii). Ovaries were fixed for PF population analysis or were subjected to the SSV process. The mean (± s.e.m.) PF population per ovarian pair was estimated to be 416.0±342.8. There were 140.0±56.0 (63.4%) and 125.0±58.0 (64.0%) primary follicles on the right and left ovaries, respectively. The proportion of this follicle category was significantly greater than that of other follicle categories (P<0.05). The diameter of follicles (123.7±18.3µm), oocytes (50.1±5.0µm) and nuclei (14.27±2.01µm) was larger for secondary ones when compared with other PFs categories. Most PFs were morphologically normal (94.6%), with light microscopy identifying only a few atretic follicles (5.4%). After SSV, there was a reduction in the proportion of morphologically normal PFs compared with the non-vitrified group (69.5% vs 91.2%, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy revealed preservation of oocytes and granulosa cell membranes and the morphological aspect of follicles; the primary change observed in some vitrified PFs was the presence of vacuoles in the oocytes and granulosa cells cytoplasm and turgid mitochondria. In conclusion, the present study provides an estimative and characterization for the PF population in ovaries of G. spixii. Moreover, we report its PFs cryopreservation using an SSV process.


Assuntos
Criopreservação , Folículo Ovariano/anatomia & histologia , Ovário/anatomia & histologia , Vitrificação , Animais , Feminino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Folículo Ovariano/ultraestrutura , Ovário/ultraestrutura , Roedores
14.
Euro Surveill ; 22(14)2017 Apr 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28424146

RESUMO

Since December 2016, excess all-cause mortality was observed in many European countries, especially among people aged ≥ 65 years. We estimated all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in 19 European countries/regions. Excess mortality was primarily explained by circulation of influenza virus A(H3N2). Cold weather snaps contributed in some countries. The pattern was similar to the last major influenza A(H3N2) season in 2014/15 in Europe, although starting earlier in line with the early influenza season start.


Assuntos
Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Mortalidade , Estações do Ano , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Pública , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Adulto Jovem
15.
Glob Chang Biol ; 22(1): 415-31, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26363182

RESUMO

The tropical coffee crop has been predicted to be threatened by future climate changes and global warming. However, the real biological effects of such changes remain unknown. Therefore, this work aims to link the physiological and biochemical responses of photosynthesis to elevated air [CO2 ] and temperature in cultivated genotypes of Coffea arabica L. (cv. Icatu and IPR108) and Coffea canephora cv. Conilon CL153. Plants were grown for ca. 10 months at 25/20°C (day/night) and 380 or 700 µl CO2 l(-1) and then subjected to temperature increase (0.5°C day(-1) ) to 42/34°C. Leaf impacts related to stomatal traits, gas exchanges, C isotope composition, fluorescence parameters, thylakoid electron transport and enzyme activities were assessed at 25/20, 31/25, 37/30 and 42/34°C. The results showed that (1) both species were remarkably heat tolerant up to 37/30°C, but at 42/34°C a threshold for irreversible nonstomatal deleterious effects was reached. Impairments were greater in C. arabica (especially in Icatu) and under normal [CO2 ]. Photosystems and thylakoid electron transport were shown to be quite heat tolerant, contrasting to the enzymes related to energy metabolism, including RuBisCO, which were the most sensitive components. (2) Significant stomatal trait modifications were promoted almost exclusively by temperature and were species dependent. Elevated [CO2 ], (3) strongly mitigated the impact of temperature on both species, particularly at 42/34°C, modifying the response to supra-optimal temperatures, (4) promoted higher water-use efficiency under moderately higher temperature (31/25°C) and (5) did not provoke photosynthetic downregulation. Instead, enhancements in [CO2 ] strengthened photosynthetic photochemical efficiency, energy use and biochemical functioning at all temperatures. Our novel findings demonstrate a relevant heat resilience of coffee species and that elevated [CO2 ] remarkably mitigated the impact of heat on coffee physiology, therefore playing a key role in this crop sustainability under future climate change scenarios.


Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Coffea/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Aclimatação , Mudança Climática , Transporte de Elétrons , Genótipo , Aquecimento Global , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Tilacoides/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo
16.
Sci Total Environ ; : 173619, 2024 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38825208

RESUMO

The globalization in plant material trading has caused the emergence of invasive pests in many ecosystems, such as the alder pathogen Phytophthora ×alni in European riparian forests. Due to the ecological importance of alder to the functioning of rivers and the increasing incidence of P. ×alni-induced alder decline, effective and accessible decision tools are required to help managers and stakeholders control the disease. This study proposes a Bayesian belief network methodology to integrate diverse information on the factors affecting the survival and infection ability of P. ×alni in riparian habitats to help predict and manage disease incidence. The resulting Alder Decline Network (ADnet) management tool integrates information about alder decline from scientific literature, expert knowledge and empirical data. Expert knowledge was gathered through elicitation techniques that included 19 experts from 12 institutions and 8 countries. An original dataset was created covering 1189 European locations, from which P. ×alni occurrence was modeled based on bioclimatic variables. ADnet uncertainty was evaluated through its sensitivity to changes in states and three scenario analyses. The ADnet tool indicated that mild temperatures and high precipitation are key factors favoring pathogen survival. Flood timing, water velocity, and soil type have the strongest influence on disease incidence. ADnet can support ecosystem management decisions and knowledge transfer to address P. ×alni-induced alder decline at local or regional levels across Europe. Management actions such as avoiding the planting of potentially infected trees or removing man-made structures that increase the flooding period in disease-affected sites could decrease the incidence of alder disease in riparian forests and limit its spread. The coverage of the ADnet tool can be expanded by updating data on the pathogen's occurrence, particularly from its distributional limits. Research on the role of genetic variability in alder susceptibility and pathogen virulence may also help improve future ADnet versions.

17.
J Exp Bot ; 64(8): 2307-20, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23564956

RESUMO

Axillary bud outgrowth determines shoot architecture and is under the control of endogenous hormones and a fine-tuned gene-expression network, which probably includes small RNAs (sRNAs). Although it is well known that sRNAs act broadly in plant development, our understanding about their roles in vegetative bud outgrowth remains limited. Moreover, the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets within axillary buds are largely unknown. Here, we employed sRNA next-generation sequencing as well as computational and gene-expression analysis to identify and quantify sRNAs and their targets in vegetative axillary buds of the biofuel crop sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Computational analysis allowed the identification of 26 conserved miRNA families and two putative novel miRNAs, as well as a number of trans-acting small interfering RNAs. sRNAs associated with transposable elements and protein-encoding genes were similarly represented in both inactive and developing bud libraries. Conversely, sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR results revealed that specific miRNAs were differentially expressed in developing buds, and some correlated negatively with the expression of their targets at specific stages of axillary bud development. For instance, the expression patterns of miR159 and its target GAMYB suggested that they may play roles in regulating abscisic acid-signalling pathways during sugarcane bud outgrowth. Our work reveals, for the first time, differences in the composition and expression profiles of diverse sRNAs and targets between inactive and developing vegetative buds that, together with the endogenous balance of specific hormones, may be important in regulating axillary bud outgrowth.


Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , Brotos de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , RNA de Plantas/genética , Saccharum/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Sequência Conservada/genética , Sequência Conservada/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/fisiologia , Hibridização In Situ , MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Oryza/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA de Plantas/fisiologia , Saccharum/crescimento & desenvolvimento
18.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2023(10): rjad556, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37846416

RESUMO

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) is a rare type of tumor, and hepatic PEComa is even rarer. Its preoperative diagnosis is difficult, given the absence of specific clinical manifestations, often constituting an accidental finding, and the lack of a gold standard for identification using imaging studies. Instead, the diagnosis of hepatic PEComa is based on morphological and immunohistochemical features. We describe a case of an asymptomatic hepatic PEComa, angiomyolipoma type, which appeared in a middle-aged woman with chronic liver disease, during her follow-up and screening. Given the patient's context, human immunodeficiency virus-positive with chronic hepatitis C, and the similarities between the two tumors, the hepatic lesion was interpreted as hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, and the positive immunohistochemical staining for human melanoma black 45 and Melan A made the definitive diagnosis. In the absence of aggressiveness tumor markers, surveillance was decided. We also provide a literature review of these tumors.

19.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(17)2023 Aug 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37685032

RESUMO

Vitrification is essential for successful tissue cryopreservation and biobanking in wild cats. This study aimed to compare different methods of vitrification (Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem-OTC, Straws-STW, and Solid Surface vitrification-SSV) for testicular fragment vitrification in tom cats. Testicular fragments were recovered from five adult tom cats and subjected to equilibrium vitrification using different cryovials and methods under the same conditions of vitrification solutions and cryoprotectants. The efficiencies of the methods were evaluated using histological analysis of spermatogonia and Sertoli cell nuclei, seminiferous tubular basement membrane detachment, and the gonadal epithelium shrinkage score scale. Cell viability was assessed using Hoechst PI and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The results showed that OTC is an effective vitrification method for maintaining the distinction between spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. OTC was similar to the control for basal membrane detachment parameters (p = 0.05). Epithelial shrinkage was low in the SSV group, which showed the highest percentage of viable cells among the vitrified groups (p = 0.0023). The OTC and SSV vitrification methods were statistically similar in terms of the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells (p = 0.05). Therefore, OTC and SSV provide favorable conditions for maintaining viable cat testicular tissue cells after vitrification.

20.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 257: 107327, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37696223

RESUMO

This study investigated the effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulating during cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) pre-maturation and the role of melatonin on in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine COCs. In experiment one, COCs were pre-matured for 8 h in control medium or with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin, IBMX and C-type natriuretic peptide, c-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin or IBMX, forskolin and c-type natriuretic peptide. Then, meiotic progression was evaluated. In experiment two, COCs were pre-matured, followed by IVM in control medium alone or with 10-6, 10-7 or 10-8 M melatonin. After IVM, chromatin configuration, transzonal projections (TZPs), reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial distribution, ultrastructure and mRNA expression for antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. In experiment 1, COCs pre-matured with both C-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin or C-type natriuretic peptide, forskolin and IBMX had lower meiotic resumption rate when compared to control. Considering that IBMX had not an additional effect to potentiate inhibition of meiotic resumption, a combination of C-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin was chosen. In experiment 2, COCs matured with 10-8 M melatonin had greater rates of meiotic resumption when compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). The COCs matured with 10-7 or 10-8 M melatonin had greater mitochondrial activity (P < 0.05), while those matured with 10-6 or 10-8 M of melatonin had greater levels of TZPs. Ultrastructure of oocyte and cumulus cells after IVM with melatonin was relatively well preserved. COCs matured with 10-8 M melatonin increased mRNA expression for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (P < 0.05), when compared to non-cultured and pre-matured COCs, respectively. In conclusion, bovine COC pre-maturation with C-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin, followed by IVM with 10-8 M melatonin improves meiotic resumption rates, TZPs, mitochondrial distribution and mRNA expression for SOD and CAT.


Assuntos
Melatonina , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Melatonina/farmacologia , Melatonina/metabolismo , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/farmacologia , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Peptídeo Natriurético Tipo C/farmacologia , Colforsina/farmacologia , Colforsina/metabolismo , Oócitos/fisiologia , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Monofosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Monofosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Células do Cúmulo
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